【考研类试卷】浙江大学考博英语2011年真题及答案解析.doc

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1、浙江大学考博英语 2011 年真题及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.“This light is too _ for me to read by. Don“t we have a bright bulb somewhere?“ said the elderly man.（分数：1.00）A.dimB.slightC.mildD.minute2.Mr. Smith asked his secretary to _ a new par

2、agraph in the annual report she was typing.（分数：1.00）A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject3.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _ and go another day.（分数：1.00）A.probableB.reliableC.flexibleD.feasible4.The another of the book has shown his remarkable keen _ into human nature.（分数：1

3、.00）A.intellectB.insightC.perceptionD.understanding5.The brave fireman had fought for days before they managed to _ the forest fire.（分数：1.00）A.put onB.put up withC.put offD.put out6.For the reasons, the newspaper is having _ problems in the north of the country.（分数：1.00）A.distributionB.regulationC.r

4、ecognitionD.destruction7.During the past years the _ of automobiles accidents in New York City has decreased.（分数：1.00）A.degreeB.quantityC.numberD.amount8.The most _ students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.（分数：1.00）A.giftedB.sensitiveC.proficientD.diligent9.They gain

5、ed great influence by _ themselves to prominent city institutions.（分数：1.00）A.detachingB.assigningC.dispatchingD.attaching10.She always handled the problems _ her own experience and principles.（分数：1.00）A.in the light ofB.in the event ofC.in the face ofD.in the course of11.All parts of this sewing mac

6、hine are _ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.（分数：1.00）A.maximizedB.minimizedC.optimizedD.standardized12.At a press conference after the award ceremony the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely _ voice.（分数：1.00）A.audibleB.optionalC.legibleD.identical13.Why does a vegetarian restaura

7、nt make its dishes resemble meat in every way except _?（分数：1.00）A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds14.He become _ with the girl reporter who questioned him at press conference.（分数：1.00）A.observedB.obsessedC.notifiedD.troubled15.According to a prominent philosopher intolerance is a/an _ to

8、 understanding.（分数：1.00）A.barrierB.improvementC.foundationD.approach三、Section Close Test(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 1 in the United Statesabout 9 new marriages for every 1,00

9、0 peopleis 2 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 3 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 4 of American adults who are married 5 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 6 their li

10、ves. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 7 in their lives. Experts 8 that about the same proportion of today“s young adults will eventually marry. The timing of marriage has varied 9 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States a

11、t the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 10 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 11 in U.S. history. Today“s la

12、ter age of marriage is 12 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before 13 Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush“ of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists

13、believe it represented a 14 to the return of peace and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 15 and war.（分数：15.00）A.rateB.ratioC.percentageD.pollA.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.randomlyD.substantiallyA.not any longerB.no moreC.no longerD.not any moreA.A proportionB.The proportionC.The numberD.A

14、 numberA.declinedB.deterioratedC.deducedD.demolishedA.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.throughA.periodB.levelC.pointD.respectA.projectB.planC.promiseD.proposeA.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistentlyA.BesidesB.HoweverC.WhereasD.NeverthelessA.descendantsB.ascendantsC.populationD.generationA.accor

15、ding toB.in line withC.based onD.caused byA.and afterB.or afterC.or sinceD.ever sinceA.refusalB.realizationC.responseD.realityA.repressionB.aggressionC.restrictionD.depression四、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)According to Scott Adams, creator of the comic strip (系列漫画) Di

16、lbert, the annual performance review is “one of the most frightening and weakening experiences“ in every employee“s life. Adam“s stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of people“s feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a rec

17、ent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of those companies hate them. In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum perfo

18、rmance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and jealousy. Thus although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the opposite result. A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at he

19、r annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasn“t a “term player“. What were the data used to make this judgment? She didn“t smile in the company photo. Although this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert, it is a true account of one woman“s experience.

20、 By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal can be avoided: To end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow emp

21、loyees to propose a list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year; these people may be co-workers, suppliers, or even customers. Goals should be measurable but flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan. By checki

22、ng employees“ progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out. When conducting the review, managers should highlight strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities,

23、avoiding punishment or blame. In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.（分数：5.00）(1).In his comic strip Dilbert, Scott Adams _.（分数：1.00）A.makes fun of wo

24、rking peopleB.tells a story about as woman employeeC.promotes team spirit among co-workersD.mocks annual performance reviews(2).All the following are mentioned as the drawbacks of annual performance reviews EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.reducing efficiencyB.creating tensionC.undermining moraleD.inducing anger

25、(3).The word “ordeal“ in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.likelihood of promotionB.depressive experienceC.poor performanceD.unrealistic expectation(4).The annual performance reviews, to be effective, must focus on _.（分数：1.00）A.making employees aware of their company“s future goalsB.involv

26、ing employees in assessing their own performanceC.encouraging employees to achieve better future performanceD.highlighting what responsibilities employees have failed in(5).The general attitude of the author toward Adam“s comic strip Dilbert is _.（分数：1.00）A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.unclear六、Pass

27、age Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Tattoos didn“t spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock “n“ roll bands. They“ve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies.

28、 Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. “The Iceman“, as the specimen was dubbed, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effo

29、rt. Being so advance, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000

30、 B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the

31、 first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled w

32、ith tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means “to mark“. Most of

33、 the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals. In Tahiti, tat

34、toos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person“s life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exot

35、ic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a “China station“. At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surroundin

36、g ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad

37、 reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, tattoos were adopted for all of the following purposes EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.to treat the diseaseB.to challenge social moresC.to record the footprints of one“s lifeD.to adorn oneself(2).Tattoo was beli

38、eved to be created _.（分数：1.00）A.together with biker gangs and rock “n“ roll bandsB.in 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC.firstly in Southeast Asia by 2,000 D.by Egyptians and Nubians(3).In Japan, tattoos were accepted as _.（分数：1.00）A.a means of ornamentB.a symbol of magical powerC.a way of communicat

39、ionD.a sign of success(4).Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Both China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminalsB.Romans used tattoos for decorationC.Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relativesD.Tattoo parlors were usually found

40、 in downtown areas(5).Why did tattoos become associated with rebels and delinquents in New York?（分数：1.00）A.Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by the governmentB.Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or anotherC.Because t

41、attoos were the marks for the members of certain organizationsD.Because Port authorities required the sailors to wear tattoos七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department o

42、f food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.“ Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food,

43、 there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant“s weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical w

44、arfare.“ And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogensa substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Star

45、k, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We“ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.“ Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in

46、 food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally fou

47、nd in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. Th

48、e food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields

49、to processing plants to kitchens.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the author think of the Americans“ view of their food?（分数：1.00）A.They overstate the government“s interference with the food industryB.They are overoptimistic about the safety of their foodC.They overestimate the hazards of their foodD.They overlook the risks of the food they eat(2).The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because _.（分数：1.00）A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB