【考研类试卷】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-65及答案解析.doc

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1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-65 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)When a new group of future business leaders graduate from the Harvard Business School next week, many of them will be 1 a new oath that says, in effect, greed is not good. Nearly 20 percent of the graduating class have signed “The M. B. A. Oath“, a volunt

2、ary student-lead 2 that the goal of a business manager is to “serve the greater good“. It promises that Harvard M. B. A.“s will act 3 , ethically and stop themselves from advancing their “own narrow ambitions“ at the expense of others. What has happened to making money? That, of course, is 4 at the

3、heart of the Harvard curriculum. But at Harvard and other top business schools, there has been an 5 of interest in ethics (道德) courses and in student activitiesclubs, lectures, conferencesabout personal and corporate responsibility and on how to 6 business as more than a money-making enterprise, 7 p

4、art of a large social community. Those graduating today, business school professors say, are far more concerned about how 8 affect the community, the lives of their workers and the environment. And business schools are responding with more courses, new centers specializing 9 business ethics and, in

5、the case of Harvard, student-lead efforts to bring about a professional code of conduct for M. B. A.“s, not 10 oaths that are taken by lawyers and doctors.（分数：30.00）A.formingB.adoptingC.takingD.makingA.documentB.pledgeC.treatyD.contractA.modestlyB.cautiouslyC.urgentlyD.responsiblyA.stillB.neverC.eve

6、rD.seldomA.additionB.collisionC.explosionD.inflationA.viewB.defineC.specifyD.verifyA.andB.orC.thusD.butA.individualsB.corporationsC.organizationsD.institutionsA.forB.withC.inD.onA.likeB.unlikeC.likelyD.alikeA male dental assistant, Miguel Alquicira, is in the minority. 11 he is also part of a specia

7、l, if little noticed, shift in workplace gender patterns. Over the last decade, men have begun 12 to fields long the province of women. Mr. Alquicira, 21, graduated from high school in a 13 job market, one in which the traditional opportunities, 14 construction and manufacturing, for young men witho

8、ut a college degree had dried up (枯竭). After career consultants told him that 15 fields were growing, he borrowed money for an eight-month training course. 16 then, he has had no trouble finding jobs that pay $12 or $13 an hour. He gave little 17 to the fact that more than 90 percent of dental assis

9、tants are women. But then, young men like Mr. Alquicira have come of age in a world of inverted expectations, where women far outpace (超过) men in earning degrees and 18 to hold jobs that have turned out to be, by and large, more 19 , more difficult to outsource, and more likely to grow. “The way I l

10、ook at it,“ Mr. Alquicira explained, “is that anything, 20 , that a woman can do, a guy can do.“（分数：30.00）A.ButB.ThenC.OrD.SoA.retreatingB.exploringC.flockingD.departingA.powerfulB.gloomyC.vagueD.queerA.amongB.likeC.inD.ofA.technicalB.financialC.electronicD.medicalA.UntilB.BeforeC.SinceD.AfterA.thou

11、ghtB.ideaC.notionD.mindA.intendB.attemptC.anticipateD.tendA.boringB.relaxingC.stableD.demandingA.basicallyB.particularlyC.absolutelyD.ultimatelyWhat are some of the major environmental issues in developing nations? Global warming is not among themnot 21 we look at all the deaths caused by flooding,

12、droughts, heat waves, and storms. Today, about 0.06 percent of all deaths in the developing world are the result of such 22 weather. Instead, one of the biggest environmental killers in the developing world is a problem 23 to most people in rich countries: indoor air pollution. We take for granted o

13、ur 24 to heat, light, and convenience at the flick (轻打) of a switch. 25 3 billion people in developing nations have no choice but to use 26 like cardboard (硬纸板) or dung (粪) to cook their food and warm their homes. The annual death toll from breathing the smoke of these fires is at least 1.4 million

14、and most 27 are women and children. Another big environmental problem is poverty. To the more than 1 billion people living on less than $1.25 a day, worrying about 28 issues is a distant luxury. If your family is freezing, you will cut down the last tree for fuel; if they are starving, you will stri

15、p the land bare to 29 them. And if you have no certainty about the future, you will provide for it in the only way possible, by having more children to care for you in your old age, 30 how much they will add to humanity“s demands on the planet.（分数：40.00）A.if onlyB.even ifC.in caseD.as ifA.variableB.

16、abruptC.hotD.extremeA.unfamiliarB.familiarC.evidentD.relevantA.ownershipB.accessC.optionD.supplyA.ThusB.AndC.ButD.OrA.fuelsB.stuffC.chipsD.itemsA.usersB.victimsC.dwellersD.smokersA.globalB.politicalC.economicD.environmentalA.supportB.rescueC.feedD.assistA.in case ofB.thanks toC.because ofD.regardles

17、s of同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-65 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)When a new group of future business leaders graduate from the Harvard Business School next week, many of them will be 1 a new oath that says, in effect, greed is not good. Nearly 20 percent of the graduating class have signed “The M. B. A. Oath“, a vol

18、untary student-lead 2 that the goal of a business manager is to “serve the greater good“. It promises that Harvard M. B. A.“s will act 3 , ethically and stop themselves from advancing their “own narrow ambitions“ at the expense of others. What has happened to making money? That, of course, is 4 at t

19、he heart of the Harvard curriculum. But at Harvard and other top business schools, there has been an 5 of interest in ethics (道德) courses and in student activitiesclubs, lectures, conferencesabout personal and corporate responsibility and on how to 6 business as more than a money-making enterprise,

20、7 part of a large social community. Those graduating today, business school professors say, are far more concerned about how 8 affect the community, the lives of their workers and the environment. And business schools are responding with more courses, new centers specializing 9 business ethics and,

21、in the case of Harvard, student-lead efforts to bring about a professional code of conduct for M. B. A.“s, not 10 oaths that are taken by lawyers and doctors.（分数：30.00）A.formingB.adoptingC.taking D.making解析：考点 动宾搭配 解析 空格中要求填入一个动词，与宾语 a new oath 搭配。本题实际上考查的是对常用动词与不同名词搭配时的熟悉程度。相对来说，A 项 forming(形成，构成)和

22、 B 项 adopting(采纳；通过，收养)作为及物动词意思和用法都不太复杂，可以很快确定。从语义角度看，这两个词与 a new oath 搭配都不够合理，因此是干扰选项。C 项 taking 和 D 项 making 往往与不同的名词构成固定的动宾搭配。就本句来说，宾语oath(誓言，誓约)必须与 take 搭配，而不跟 make 搭配。take a new oath 意为“进行一次新的宣誓”，而另一个近义名词 promise(保证)则是与 make 搭配。A.documentB.pledge C.treatyD.contract解析：考点 理解基础上的名词辨析 解析 从句子结构分析，空格

23、所在的部分是同位语，补充说明句中的“The M.B.A. Oath”。本题主句部分指出，毕业班将近 20%的学生已经签了 MBA 誓言，这是一份自愿的由学生引导的_。根据这些内容，我们可以推断，毕业生们签的不可能是一份 document(文件)，因为该词尤指官方的正式公文；也不可能是 treaty(条约；协定)或 contract(合同)，因为条约或合同都会至少涉及双方，而短文中只是提到了学生单方面的一种行为。B 项 pledge 意为“誓约，保证”，与句中的 oath 正好是近义词，因此是正确答案。A.modestlyB.cautiouslyC.urgentlyD.responsibly 解

24、析：考点 理解基础上的副词辨析 解析 本句阐述哈佛商学院毕业生的所签的誓言内容，句子的意思是：它保证哈佛的工商管理硕士毕业生将_、合乎道德地做事，不在损害他人的情况下实现自己“狭隘的野心”。四个选项中，A 项modestly 意为“谦虚地”，B 项 cautiously 意为“谨慎地”，C 项 urgently 意为“紧急地”，D 项responsibly 意为“负责任地”。结合本句的意思，D 项符合题意，是正确答案。其实，我们从下一段的第三个句子中也可得到一点线索，句中提到了哈佛和其他顶尖商学院对有关个人和公司道德的一些伦理道德课程和学生活动兴趣猛增。A.still B.neverC.eve

25、rD.seldom解析：考点 对上下文的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个副词，能够体现赚钱是否是哈佛商学院课程的核心。下一个句子由表示转折关系的“But”引出，说明该句不是对上一句进行展开说明，而是表达了相反的思想。因此，结合上一句中的语气词 of course，可以推断，空格处应填入表示肯定意思的副词，正确答案为 A 项 still(依然，仍然)。C 项 ever(曾经)常用于否定句和疑问句，B 项 never 和 D 项 seldom 表达的是否定的意思，都不符合文意。A.additionB.collisionC.explosion D.inflation解析：考点 名词辨析 解析 本题要求填

26、入一个能与 interest 搭配使用的名词。四个选项中，A 项意为“加，添加”，B 项意为“碰撞，冲突”，C 项意为“爆炸，爆发；猛增”，D 项意为“通货膨胀”。首先可排除 D，它不能与interest 搭配；同时，根据上下文的意思，我们可排除 B。A 项从语义看似乎符合文意，但 addition 也不能与 interest 搭配。只有 C 项 explosion 符合文意。An explosion of interest 意为“兴趣的陡然上升”。A.view B.defineC.specifyD.verify解析：考点 动词辨析 解析 本题要求填入一个能与介词 as 搭配的动词。四个选项中

27、，C 项意为“指定，具体说明”，D 项意为“核实，证实；查清”，两者均不能与 as 搭配，是干扰选项。A 项 view 和 B 项 define 可以跟 as 搭配，define sth. as 意为“把定义为”，view sth. as 意为“把看作”。但结合句子其他部分的内容分析，A 项 view 作为答案显然要比 B 项 define 合理。A.andB.orC.thusD.but 解析：考点 上下文逻辑关系 解析 从句子结构和所给选项可以看出，本题要求填入一个连接 more than a money-making enterprise 和 part of a large social

28、community 的连接词。A 项 and 表示并列关系，连接前后两部分时还可以与 both 搭配，构成“both.and.”，但不能与 more than 搭配；B 项 or 表示选择，可以与either 搭配，但同样不能与 more than 搭配。C 项 thus(因此)表示结果，与题意完全不符合。正确答案为表示转折关系的 D 项 but。句中“how to view business as more than a money-making enterprise, but part of a large social community”意为：如何把公司看成不仅仅是赚钱的企业，而是更大

29、的社会的一部分。A.individualsB.corporations C.organizationsD.institutions解析：考点 理解基础上的名词辨析 解析 从上一段我们了解到，美国一些顶尖商学院对伦理道德课程越来越有兴趣，学生活动也都关注如何把公司看成更大社会的一部分，而不仅仅是赚钱的企业。本段是通过学校教授的话进一步论证商学院学生所关心的内容。B 项 corporations(公司)与上一段最后一句中的 corporate(公司的)，business(公司)，enterprise(企业)呼应，是正确答案。A 项 individuals 意为“个人，个体”，它相对于“集体”，而且

30、由从句的宾语之一 the lives of their workers 也可很快看出，A 是干扰项。C 项 organizations(组织)和 D 项 institutions(公共机构)所指范围很广，均不符合题意要求。A.forB.withC.in D.on解析：考点 固定搭配 解析 本题要求填入一个能与分词 specializing(专门研究)搭配的介词。四个选项中，只有 C 项 in 可以与该词构成一个固定搭配，其他选项都是干扰项。句中 new centers specializing in business ethics 意为“新成立的专门研究公司伦理道德的中心”。A.likeB.u

31、nlike C.likelyD.alike解析：考点 理解基础上的近形词辨析 解析 四个选项词形很接近，容易造成混淆。从词性来看，A 项 like(像，同一样)和 B 项unlike(不像，和不同)属于介词，C 项 likely(可能的，有希望的)和 D 项 alike(相同的，相似的)属于形容词。从词的用法来看，alike 属于表语形容词，即在句中只能作表语，不能作定语，因此可首先排除 D 项。从词义来看，C 项也不符合文意，因为根据常识，MBA 的职业行为准则当然不是律师和医生进行的可能的宣誓。从上下文来推断，MBA 的职业行为准则与律师和医生的宣誓有些类似，从业者通过宣誓来保证自己遵守职

32、业道德。正确答案应为 B 项 unlike，句中 not unlike 两个否定词意思变成了肯定，相当于 like。A 项从上下文的语境来看，是错误选项。A male dental assistant, Miguel Alquicira, is in the minority. 11 he is also part of a special, if little noticed, shift in workplace gender patterns. Over the last decade, men have begun 12 to fields long the province of w

33、omen. Mr. Alquicira, 21, graduated from high school in a 13 job market, one in which the traditional opportunities, 14 construction and manufacturing, for young men without a college degree had dried up (枯竭). After career consultants told him that 15 fields were growing, he borrowed money for an eig

34、ht-month training course. 16 then, he has had no trouble finding jobs that pay $12 or $13 an hour. He gave little 17 to the fact that more than 90 percent of dental assistants are women. But then, young men like Mr. Alquicira have come of age in a world of inverted expectations, where women far outp

35、ace (超过) men in earning degrees and 18 to hold jobs that have turned out to be, by and large, more 19 , more difficult to outsource, and more likely to grow. “The way I look at it,“ Mr. Alquicira explained, “is that anything, 20 , that a woman can do, a guy can do.“（分数：30.00）A.But B.ThenC.OrD.So解析：考

36、点 上下文逻辑关系 解析 本文首句指出，作为一名男性牙科助手，Miguel Alquicira 是在少数派之列。本句的意思是：如果很少被注意到的话，他也是属于工作场所性别模式发生特别转变的一部分人。显然，第二个句子的语气发生了转变，A 项 But 符合上下文逻辑关系的要求，是正确答案。B 项 Then 表示递进，C 项 Or 表示选择，D 项 So 表示结果，均不符合上下文逻辑关系的要求。A.retreatingB.exploringC.flocking D.departing解析：考点 理解基础上的动词辨析 解析 本句空格相关部分的意思是：在过去十年里，男性开始_长期以来属于女性兴趣范围的领

37、域。B 项 exploring(探索；勘查)似乎符合文意，但它是及物动词，而空格中要求填入的是后接介词 to 的不及物动词，因此 B 项在语法上不符合题目要求。D 项 departing 意为“离开”，但该词也不能与 to 搭配，常见的搭配为：depart for，表示“离开前往某地”。A 项 retreating 意为“撤退，退却”，不符合文意。C 项 flocking 意为“蜂拥”，符合文意的要求，是正确答案。A.powerfulB.gloomy C.vagueD.queer解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个形容词，说明 Alquicira 高中毕业时就业市场如何。

38、修饰 job market 的同位语的主要部分“one in which the traditional opportunities.for young men without a college degree had dried up”意为“一个对于没有大学学位的年轻人来说传统机会已经枯竭的就业市场”。因此可以判断，A 项 powerful(有力的)与题意完全不符，C 项 vague(含糊的)和 D 项 queer(古怪的)也不符合语境的要求。B 项 gloomy 意为“前景黯淡的”，与句中的同位语修饰成分意思一致，是正确答案。A.amongB.like C.inD.of解析：考点 理解基础

39、上的介词辨析 解析 本题空格之前的名词短语为 traditional opportunities(传统机会)，空格之后的名词为construction and manufacturing(建筑和制造)。根据常识，建筑和制造属于传统行业；同时，根据选项中介词的意思，我们可判断空格中若填入 A 项 among(在之间)、C 项 in 或 D 项 of 的话，空格前后名词之间的所属关系就完全颠倒了，因此，正确答案应为 B 项 like(比如，例如)。A.technicalB.financialC.electronicD.medical 解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个作定语

40、修饰说明 fields(领域)的形容词。A 项意为“技术的”，B 项意为“金融的”，C 项意为“电子的”，D 项意为“医疗的”。孤立地看本句，四个选项中的词都符合题意。但结合短文开头提供的信息，我们可推断一定是医疗领域在发展，所以他才会借钱参加为期八个月的培训课程，然后成为牙科助手。因此，正确答案为 D 项 medical。A.UntilB.BeforeC.Since D.After解析：考点 介词辨析 解析 结合本句用的现在完成时和前一句的内容，我们可知，Alquicira 参加完培训课程后找工作就不难了，因此，空格中应填入 C 项 Since。“since then”意为“自从那时以来”。

41、英语句子中出现 since+表示时间的名词或从句时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。假如选择 A 项 Until 或 B 项Before，那么本句中的时态必须是过去完成时。D 项 After 从中文意思看似乎符合题意，但它不跟现在完成时连用。A.thought B.ideaC.notionD.mind解析：考点 近义名词辨析 解析 本题要求填入一个名词，与动词 give 搭配。四个选项中的名词意思非常相近，填入句中后的大致意思为“他几乎没有想过这一事实”。但能够与 give 搭配的名词只有 A 项 thought，“give thought to sth.”意为“思考或考虑某事”。B 项和

42、 C 项可以与动词 have/get 搭配，如“have idea/notion of sth.”，意为“知道或了解某事”。当然，另有 give sb. ideas 这一短语，意为“使某人抱有空想”，但不符合本句的搭配要求。D 项 mind 可以与 bear/keep 搭配，构成短语“bear/keep sth. in mind”或“bear/keep in mind that.”，意为“将记在心中；考虑”。所以，B 项、C 项和 D项都是干扰项。A.intendB.attemptC.anticipateD.tend 解析：考点 理解基础上的动词辨析 解析 本题要求填入能后接不定式的动词。C

43、项 anticipate(期待，期望)后接动名词，因此可首先排除。其他三个都可接不定式。A 项意为“想要，打算”，B 项意为“试图，努力”，D 项意为“趋于，倾向”。从整个由 where 引导的非限制性定语从句的意思可知，作者分析了目前这个世界男女就业的特点，整个从句的大意为：女性获得学位的人数远远超过了男性，并且_拥有总的来说更_、更难外包，并且更有可能发展的工作。根据句子整体的意思，再比较这三个选项的词义，可以发现最恰当的应该为 D 项tend，其用在句中表达的是一种可能性，而不是女性的主观意愿。A.boringB.relaxingC.stable D.demanding解析：考点 理解基

44、础上的形容词辨析 解析 本题要求填入一个形容词，与空格之后的 more difficult to outsource and more likely to grow(更难外包而且更有可能发展的)构成三个并列的成分。四个选项中，C 项 stable(稳定的)与后两个并列成分语义上一致，是正确答案。A 项意为“枯燥的，乏味的”，与题意明显不符；B 项意为“轻松的”，C 项意为“要求高的”，但空格后两个并列成分体现的是工作相对客观的方面，不涉及一些主观的如好、坏等方面，因此 B 项和 C 项都不符合文意。A.basically B.particularlyC.absolutelyD.ultimate

45、ly解析：考点 理解基础上的副词辨析 解析 本题要求填入一个副词。空格所在的句子大意为：“我的看法是，_，女人能做的任何事情，男人也能做”。B 项 particularly 意为“特别地，尤其地”，常用来表示强调，但本句显然没有强调的必要性。C 项 absolutely 意为“绝对地”，若选该词，则显得说话人在表达观点时不留余地，因此也不太恰当；D 项 ultimately 意为“最终地”，这也不符合题意。A 项 basically 意为“基本上”，从语气和语义上都符合题意，因此是正确答案。What are some of the major environmental issues in d

46、eveloping nations? Global warming is not among themnot 21 we look at all the deaths caused by flooding, droughts, heat waves, and storms. Today, about 0.06 percent of all deaths in the developing world are the result of such 22 weather. Instead, one of the biggest environmental killers in the develo

47、ping world is a problem 23 to most people in rich countries: indoor air pollution. We take for granted our 24 to heat, light, and convenience at the flick (轻打) of a switch. 25 3 billion people in developing nations have no choice but to use 26 like cardboard (硬纸板) or dung (粪) to cook their food and

48、warm their homes. The annual death toll from breathing the smoke of these fires is at least 1.4 million and most 27 are women and children. Another big environmental problem is poverty. To the more than 1 billion people living on less than $1.25 a day, worrying about 28 issues is a distant luxury. I

49、f your family is freezing, you will cut down the last tree for fuel; if they are starving, you will strip the land bare to 29 them. And if you have no certainty about the future, you will provide for it in the only way possible, by having more children to care for you in your old age, 30 how much they will add to humanity“s demands on the planet.（分数：40.00）A.if onlyB.even if C.in caseD.as if解析：考点 上下文逻辑关系 解析 本题要求填入一个连词，使前后句子有合理的逻辑关系。主句指出，全球变