【考研类试卷】厦门大学博士考试英语真题2010年及答案解析.doc

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1、厦门大学博士考试英语真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments. （分数：1.00）A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at caseD.at random2.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which pr

2、ovide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash. （分数：1.00）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative3.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _ character. （分数：1.00）A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular4.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all subs

3、tances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it. （分数：1.00）A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction5.Language, culture, and personality may be considered _of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. （分数：1.00）A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.indepe

4、ndently6.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ. （分数：1.00）A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of7.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make t

5、o the world market demand. （分数：1.00）A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear8.To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _ and means of packing. （分数：1.00）A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications9.Many of the conditio

6、ns that population pressures- overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness_ lead to dissatisfaction. （分数：1.00）A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from10.Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily _ for a month or a year as for a single day. （分数：1.00）

7、A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up11.The fact that the earths surface heats _ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region. （分数：1.00）A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.unevenly12.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _a set of actions to protect its offsprin

8、g. （分数：1.00）A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates13.How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be_ to tourist spending? （分数：1.00）A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached14.Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we

9、 do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. （分数：1.00）A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination15.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market. （分数：1.00）A.pickupB.bump intoC.pileupD.bring back16.Scientists are

10、 searching for the oldest tree_ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change. （分数：1.00）A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live17.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger throughout the world. （分数：1.00）A.temptedB.provokedC.summonedD.enveloped

11、18.A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today. （分数：1.00）A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting19.The UN official said aid programs will be _until there is adequate protection for relief per

12、sonnel. （分数：1.00）A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended20.Despite almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world. （分数：1.00）A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.compliment21.Since the islan

13、d soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food. （分数：1.00）A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop22.Because Jenkins neither_ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both sides admire his journalistic_ （分数：1.00）A.criticizes.acumenB.attacks.neutralityC.conf

14、ronts.aptitudeD.dismisses.flair23.Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only_ their trainers. （分数：1.00）A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging24.It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers

15、are voiced so often that they have become mere （分数：1.00）A.original.clichesB.banal.beliefsC.dubious.habitsD.philosophical.questions25.The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable _, when weight loss _ if not stops. （分数：1.00）A.moods.acceleratesB.feasts.haltsC.holidays.contractsD.plateau

16、s.slows26.Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was surprised that her _ were recognized. （分数：1.00）A.laudatory.stylesB.obvious.anecdotesC.oblique.allusionsD.critical.eulogies27.If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of r

17、eligion herald the _ of morality? （分数：1.00）A.regulationB.basisC.beliefD.collapse28.Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _, and therefore _ extemal factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species. （分数：1.00）A.learned.immune toB

18、.innate.unaffected byC.intricate.belong toD.specific.confused with29.Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy _ at any price. （分数：1.00）A.orB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty30.As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zea

19、l. （分数：1.00）A.levity.resignationB.enthusiasm.meticulousnessC.vitality.willingnessD.empathy.rigor二、Part Reading Comp(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Going Green After Gray Visanto Melina, R. D., got the surprise of her career last year, when Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetar

20、ianism at a senior citizen center. “I thought thered be four or five people.“ she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors who had paid a $ 5 fee to hear her advice. And their interest in better health wasnt only keen; it was informed. “Theyve obviously been paying attention to new research,“

21、 she says. If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldnt have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verified an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the

22、 year 2005, people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furthermore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that old

23、er people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with aging-weight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, increased cancer risk and impaired digestion- and you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R. D., author of the American Dietetic Associations posit

24、ion paper on vegetarianism. Quantifying this new trend isnt easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research organization based in Des Moines, Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. More

25、 compelling evidence for the senior surge toward vegetarianism comes from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the ranks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N. Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledglin

26、g organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retired Persons, society executives say. An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago

27、Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old Magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats. However, this time it made her in. “The crash felt like the flu,“ she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She

28、 made a few at home, and her “flu“ disappeared. More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61-year-old marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, s

29、he was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M. D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing wh

30、at she says was an eight-inch thick file of statistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditional American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. “I didnt even have skim milk on my cereal,“ she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive

31、surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helped speed her recovery from surgery.（分数：10.00）(1).What does Visanto Melino mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminar were “informed“ on the subj

32、ect of better health? （分数：2.00）A.They had a clear understanding of the subject.B.They wanted more information on the subject.C.They were informed of the latest research on the subject.D.They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.(2).What does the author mean by sa

33、ying “.demographics are driving the drift“? （分数：2.00）A.The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.B.The growing trend toward vegetarianism is due to an increase in the number of older people.C.Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combat p

34、roblems of aging.D.More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetarian diet to stay healthy(3).Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill? （分数：2.00）A.Because she caught the flu.B.Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.C.Because she was on a high-fat diet.D.Because she ate too much rich food.

35、(4).How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness? （分数：2.00）A.By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.B.By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.C.By not even having skim milk with her cereal.D.By following a strict vegetarian diet.(5).Why is the passage titled “Going Green After Gray“? （分数：2.00）A

36、.People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.B.A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.C.Older people tend to become vegetarians.D.Seniors like to attend seminars on vegetarianism.In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size

37、 of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growt

38、h means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means.what? What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in fa

39、vor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be t

40、hat growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third Word countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth? To see how this mig

41、ht be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries- the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversio

42、n of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption

43、of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami? Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its enti

44、rety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid; that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading thes

45、e people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial. So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But

46、 that is a test not easily undertaken. Modem economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and

47、 a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten

48、our very existence. （分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements does the author support? （分数：2.00）A.Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B.Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C.A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a gr

49、owth in population.D.Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.(2).It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that_ （分数：2.00）A.the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperity,B.economic growth has not contributed to the poverty of the Third World countriesC.growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third Word countriesD.the stages o