【考研类试卷】中医综合-方剂学(十)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-方剂学(十)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2)

2、Their distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame i

3、deology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eage

4、rly (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the (12) of the city.One of many reforms came (13) the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by (14) governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that th

5、e privately owned utility companies would (15) exorbitant (过渡的) rates for these essential services and (16) them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by (17) the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. (18) of th

6、ese reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would (19) widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a (20) price.（分数：10.00）(1).A eruption B corruption C interruption D provocation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A disgrace B deterioration C dishonor D degradation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A by origi

7、n B in part C at all D at random（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A proclaimed B exclaimed C claimed D reclaim（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A superb B super C exceptional D superior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A predominated B dominated C commanded D prevailed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A feature B peculiarity C quality D attribute（分数：

8、0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A deserted B departed C abolished D abandoned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A reallocated B migrated C replaced D substituted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A overwhelmed B overflowed C overtaken D preoccupied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A embraced B adopted C hugged D contained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A chaos B

9、 chores C chorus D outbreaks（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A at B by C out D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A public B municipal C republican D national（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A charge B take C cost D spend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A distribute B deliver C transfer D transport（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A degenerating B genera

10、ting C regenerating D regulating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Proponents B Opponents C Sponsors D Rivals（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A secure B ensure C reassure D incur（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A fair B just C square D objective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：

11、1，分数：10.00)However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or t

12、hey can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writ

13、ing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly

14、 aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He migh

15、t be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is re

16、asonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits,

17、and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join

18、forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in the above text is thatA home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B teachers can and should help parents to understand and

19、further the objectives of the school.C there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author directly discusses the fact thatA parents drill their children too much in arithme

20、tic.B principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.D a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the authorA is satisfied with present relationships between h

21、ome and school.B feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program.C believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

22、(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favorA suggestions by the teacher to a parent in regard to improving the students scholastic average.B written communications to the parent from the teacher.C having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught.D principal-pa

23、rent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author does not directly state, but implies thatA participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area.B too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C school prin

24、cipals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource managemen

25、t is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys raw materials or equipment.The

26、 lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy

27、. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy

28、.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work-forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the

29、limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies ar

30、rive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do ) , the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and runn

31、ing at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottle-necks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bot

32、tom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to he operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：10.00）(1).According to this passage, the problem America firm faced with is_.A workers skill stringB the lack of moneyC the way of training wor

33、kersD ignorance to human-resource management（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Comparing with Japan and Germany, American companies_.A pay more attention to human-resource managementB put the head of human-resource in higher positionC spend less money in training workersD train workers to master the basic skills（

34、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to this passage_.A human-resource management is not important in the United StatesB the chief financial officer is not important in JapanC in an American firm the chief financial officer is more than CEO importantD CEO is the most powerful man in a Japan firm（分数：2.00）A.

35、B.C.D.(4).According to this passage, when new breakthrough technologies arrive,_.A German workers take less time to learn themB American companies have to spend more money in workers trainingC in America new equipments are equipped with higher speedD the cost of training in America is lower（分数：2.00）

36、A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards American companies?A Positive. B Praise. C Ironic. D Negative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biolog

37、ical sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements. every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only

38、 for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and con-substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animals is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the

39、 world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.

40、But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is for the most

41、part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible cent

42、uries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.Pur

43、e knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. Butt in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. Notes: intrinsic 固有的。con-substantial 同体的。autonomy

44、 自主性。zealously and without the least suspicion 热情地并丝毫也没有想到。for the most part 大部分，主要地。Utopian 乌托邦，理想主义。disinterestedly 不偏不倚地。resign oneself to 听任，顺从。（分数：10.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study ofA literature.B chemistry.C astronomy.D anthropology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the

45、 authors view, the Greeks who studied conic sectionsA were mathematicians.B worked with electricity.C were interested in navigation.D were unaware of the value of their studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, the most important advances made by mankind most probably stem fromA innovation

46、s.B the natural sciences.C technical applications.D apparently useless information.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why is electrical technology mentioned in the third paragraph?A To confirm its importance in the modern world.B To show the powerful influence of its inventions.C To verify the usefulness of theor

47、etical knowledge.D To give an example of success in practical science.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The title which best expresses the idea of this text isA Progress in Pure Science.B Learning for Its Own Sake.C Mans Science and Inventions.D Difference between Science and Technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4

48、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Social-networking sites offer users easy ways to present idealized images of themselves, even if those ideals dont always square with their real-world personalities. Psychology researcher Soraya Mehdizadeh has discovered a way to poke through the offline-online curtain: she has used Faeebook to predict a persons level of narcissism and self-esteem.Mehdizadeh, who conducted the study as an undergraduate at Torontos York University, gained access to the Faeebook accounts of 100 college students and measured activities like photo sharing, wall postings an