【考研类试卷】中医综合-方剂学(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-方剂学(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It (1) its attention upon those. physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which (2) one community from all others that

2、 belong to a different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies (3) our own. For its purposes any social (4) of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own. To the anthropologist our customs and those o

3、f a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for (5) a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is (6) to avoid any weighting of one (7) the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any trad

4、ition (8) He is interested in a wide (9) of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and (10) , the different forms through which they express themselves and the (11) in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of

5、the (12) .Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a (13) of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely (14) of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. (15) , it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a

6、mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than (16) any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather (17) aspect of the matter. The fact (18) first rate importance is the predominant role that custom (19) in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may (20) （

7、分数：10.00）(1).A pays B revolves C fastens D draws（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A distinguish B prohibit C dispel D exempt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A of B from C for D than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A regulation B execution C prosecution D disposition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A meditating on B imposing on C tangling with D de

8、aling with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A acknowledged B authorized C bound D credited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A in favor of B instead of C rather than D in contrast with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A however B though C whatsoever D indeed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A option B span C prototype D range（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A de

9、viate B fluctuate C differentiate D segregate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A manner B means C case D context（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A personnel B locality C natives D individuals（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A subject B object C objective D subjective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A worth B worthwhile C worthy D rewarding（分数：

10、0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A As a matter of fact B On the wholeC In general D On the other hand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A that B why C how D what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A vulgar B lofty C grim D trivial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A in B of C at D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A functions B plays C makes D leads（分数：0.50）A.B.C

11、.D.(20).A manifest B illustrate C reveal D indicate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Supreme Court will hear arguments about the use of public money for the private schooling of children with special needs. Its interesting to note

12、whats not at issue: namely, that when a public school system is unable to provide an appropriate education, it is obligated to pay the costs of private school. Too bad poor children dont have that unshakable right; if they did, there would be no controversy about the District program that gives vouc

13、hers to low-income children to attend private schools.The case to be heard by the court hinges on whether parents have to enroll a child with special needs in public school before the child can attend private school at public expense. Special-education advocates say students shouldnt have to waste t

14、ime before being placed in a setting that best suits their needs, while school boards worry about a ruling that could amount to an unfettered fight to private schooling at public expense. What strikes us about the emotionally charged debate is the acceptance by both sides that sometimes it is approp

15、riate to use public money to pay for a child to go to a private school. So, why all the arguments about the approximately$14 million for a federally funded program that lets 1,700 D. C. students attend private schools instead of failing public schools?To hear critics of the D. C. Opportunity Scholar

16、ship Program tell it, the use of public money for private schooling is as unprecedented as it is undesirable. In addition to the billions of dollars spent annually on private school tuitions for students with disabilities, private schools get public money for books, technology and teacher training.

17、As long as the money is seen as benefiting the child, it is considered a proper, even desirable, use of public dollars.Dont get us wrong. Were not arguing for the unilateral right of parents to enroll their sons and daughters in any school they wish with the taxpayers picking up the bill. Abuse of s

18、pecial-education policies has contributed to increased costs that threaten to take needed money from general public education funds. Safeguards are needed. Public schools should be pressed to do a better job for students with disabilities and students without. But there are schools in Washington whe

19、re statistics show that failure is almost guaranteed. If a school system cant educate a childwhether because of acute special needs or its own historical failingswhy should that child not have options for a “ free appropriate public education “ ?（分数：10.00）(1).What can be inferred from the arguments

20、at the Supreme Court?A Too much public money is put into the private schools for children with special needs.B Public schools are of very poor education quality.C People consider it is reasonable to use public money for certain students private schooling.D People find it is amusing arguing about spe

21、nding public money for private schooling.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is TRUE about the special-education advocates opinion?A They strongly believe that children should be put directly into the private schools.B They think that children should try out both places before making decisio

22、ns.C They dont feel there is still a need to argue about this problem any more.D They hold the opinion that parents can make decisions for their children.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the word “ unfettered “ (Line 4, Para. 2)mean?A Unlimited. B Extreme. C Unwanted. D Ultimate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).W

23、hat can we infer from the last paragraph?A While putting public money in private schools, public schools can also benefit.B Public schools only consider the need of students without disabilities.C It is childrens right to choose private schools when public ones arent good enough.D There is evidence

24、to show that public schools in Washington D. C. are terrible.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude toward using public money to pay for the private schooling of the disabled students?A Passionate. B Supportive. C Confused. D Hesitant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its seven wee

25、ks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If youre like millions of Americans, you probably vowed to lose weight, quit smoking and drink less in the new year. You kicked off January with a commitment to long-term well-being-until you came face-to-face with a cheeseburger. You spent

26、 a bundle on a shiny new gym pass. Turns out, it wasnt reason enough for you to actually use the gym. People can make poor decisions when it comes to health-despite their best intentions. Its not easy abiding by wholesome choices (giving up French fries) when the consequences of not doing so (heart

27、disease) seem so far in the future. Most people are bad at judging their health risks: smokers generally know cigarettes cause cancer, but they also tend to believe theyre less likely than other smokers to get it. And as any snack-loving dieter can attest, people can be comically inept at predicting

28、 their future .behavior. You swear you will eat just one potato chip but dont stop until the bag is empty. So, what does it take to motivate people to stick to the path set by their conscious brain? How can good choices be made to seem more appealing than bad ones? The problem stumps doctors, public

29、-health officials and weight-loss experts, but one solution may spring from an unlikely source. Meet your new personal trainer: your boss. American businesses have a particular interest in personal health, since worker illness costs them billions each year in insurance claims, sick days and high sta

30、ff turnover. A 2008 survey of major US employers found that 64% consider their employees poor health decisions a serious barrier to affordable insurance coverage. Now some companies are tackling the motivation problem head on, using tactics drawn from behavioral psychology to nudge their employees t

31、o get healthy. “Its a bit paradoxical that employers need to provide incentives for people to improve their own health,“ says Michael Follick, a behavioral psychologist at Brown University and president of the consultancy Abacus Employer Health Solutions. Paradoxical, maybe, but effective. Consider

32、Amica Mutual Insurance, based in Rhode Island. Arnica seemed to be doing everything right: it boasts an on-site fitness center at its headquarters. It pays toward Weight Watchers and smoking-cessation help, gives gift cards to reward proper prenatal care and offers free flu shots each year. Still, i

33、n the mid-2000s, about 7% of the companys insured population, including roughly 3 100 employees and their dependents, had diabetes. “We manage risk. Thats our core business,“ says Scott Boyd, Amicas director of compensation and benefits. But diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees had doubled

34、in four years. “We thought, OK,“ Boyd says now, “we have to manage these high-risk groups a little better. /（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, we can infer that the Americans _. A vow to diet in the new year B fear to lose weight C have poor decision in keeping healthy diet D succeed in losing we

35、ight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why can people make poor decision when it comes to health? A Because they have no intention of being healthy. B Because they are bad at judging their health risks. C Because it is not easy abiding by impractical commitments. D Because they can not resist the temptation of de

36、licious food.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Who play an important role in motivating people to stick to health? A Doctors. B Public-health officials. C Weight-loss experts. D Bosses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A If you want to keep healthy, you have to meet your

37、personal trainer. B The diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees have been increased. C The American business doesnt do anything concerned with personal health. D Abiding by healthy choices is facile.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Making Good

38、 Health Easy B Cost of Losing Weight C Difficulties in Dieting D Advantages of Healthy Diet（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of

39、 the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so c

40、arefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks-those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would la

41、y less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the people

42、 whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modern education try t

43、o reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no “illiterates“-if the term can be applied to peoples without a script-while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and

44、 in England 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we considered it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a

45、matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry that, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no “juven

46、ile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.Notes: juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪。（分数：10.00）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably meansA pleasure

47、.B returns.C share.D knowledge.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, the author seems to beA against the education in the very early historic times.B in favor of the educational practice in primitive cultures.C positive about our present educational instruction.D quite happy to see an equal st

48、art for everyone.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the text thatA some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school.B everyone today has an equal opportunity in education.C every country invests heavily in education.D we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?A One without education today has few opportunities.B We have not yet decided on our educational models.C Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D Our spiritual o