【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(八)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(八)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Personality is to a large extent inherent. A-type parents usually (1) A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect (2) if competition is important to the parents, it is (3) to become a major factor

2、in the lives of their children.One place where children (4) A characteristics is school, which is, (5) its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (6) the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current (7) for making children

3、 compete against their classmates or against the (8) produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too (9) to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (10) dead seconds after sayin

4、g. “Rejoice, we conquer!“(11) the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. There is, for example, a (12) school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The (13) of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competit

5、ion in the certain (14) of failure is positively harmful.(15) , it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to (16) a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the pre

6、occupation of schools with academic work was (17) , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection (18) the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (19) as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to

7、 choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A bring about B care for C carry on D keep up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A when B since C although D and（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A possible B crucial C likely D essential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A draw on B get ov

8、er C drag on D soak up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A for B by C with D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A adapt B abide C adopt D absorb（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A passion B support C initiative D desirability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A authority B world C nature D clock（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A liable B ready C keen D fond（分数：0.

9、50）A.B.C.D.(10).A dropped B collapsed C tripped D stumbled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A So far B By far C Thus far D Far too（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A responsible B reliable C scarce D rare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A merits B drawbacks C defects D faults（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A destiny B recognition C knowledge D

10、 intention（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A Frequently B Obviously C Presumably D Specifically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A suit B apply C accustom D fit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A augmented B lessened C increased D boosted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B of C by D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A judgments B assumptions C consi

11、derations D estimates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A appreciated B opted C adored D encouraged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines, the Bug

12、-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this

13、 unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature

14、of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things. What is science fic

15、tion? To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and exp

16、anded, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure. The first point-that science fiction is a literary subgenre-is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short s

17、tory or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known, the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of p

18、rose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories. Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to scie

19、nce fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature and experience in relation to the world around h

20、im. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying sci

21、ence fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel. （分数：10.00）(1).Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because_. A it is not important enough to be a literary genre B it cannot be made into a dramatic presentation C

22、it shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction D to call it a “genre“ would subject it to literary jargon（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The final sentence in the text implies that_. A the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fiction B there is no reason for any reader not to like sc

23、ience fiction C the reader should compare other novels and stories to science fiction D those who can appreciate prose fiction can appreciate science fiction（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the last paragraph, we know that people read science fiction especially for_. A the discovery of meaning B the beauty

24、 of language C the display of character D the psychological complexity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).An appropriate title for this passage would be_. A On the Inaccuracies of Pulp Magazines B Toward a Definition of Science Fiction C A Type of Prose Fiction D Beyond the Bug-Eyed Monster（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Acc

25、ording to the author, the popular image of science fiction is_. A prejudiced B impartial C worthy D admiring（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the next century well be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein m

26、ade his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?“ Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?Probably not. Instead, well reach again for a time-

27、tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millenniums most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.Under this moral prece

28、pt we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using gene

29、tic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rat

30、her than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Th

31、en we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and exper

32、ience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry-ware“ machine, so that we could live on without the “wet-ware“ of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge

33、 with the 21st centurys revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and get back to real science.（分数：10.00）(1).Dr. Frankensteins remarks are mentioned in the textA to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs.B to highlight the inevitability of a mea

34、ns to some evil ends.C to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago.D to introduce the topic of moral philosophies concerning biotechnology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employedA excessively and extravagantly.

35、B sensibly and cautiously.C aggressively and indiscriminately.D openly and enthusiastically.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion thatA the power of biotechnology is to be decentralized.B no one is entitled to discriminate against others.C biotechnology is

36、 nothing more than gene-mapping.D artificial intelligence compete with a human brain.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the last paragraph, “dry-ware“ is to “wet-ware“ asA “collective“ to “individual“.B “fictional“ to “factual“.C “mechanical“ to “biological“.D “illegal“ to “immoral“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

37、(5).Judged from the information in the last paragraph, we can predict that the author is likely to write which of the following in the next section?A The reflection upon biotechnological morality.B The offensive invasion of our personal privacy.C The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants.D Th

38、e present state of biotechnological research.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In War Made Easy Norman Solomon demolishes the myth of all independent American press zealously guarding sacred values of free expression. Although strictly focusing on the shameless history of media cheerleading f

39、or the principal post World War American wars, invasions, and interventions, he calls into question the entire concept of the press as some kind of institutional counterforce to government and corporate power.Many of the examples compiled in this impeccably documented historical review will be famil

40、iar to readers who follow the news on the Internet. But such examples achieve flesh impact because of the way Solomon has organized and analyzed them. Each chapter is devoted to a single warhawk argument ( “ America Is a Fair and Noble Superpower, “ “ Opposing the War Means Siding with the Enemy, “

41、“Our Soldiers Are Heroes, Theirs Are Inhuman “ ), illustrated with historical examples from conflicts in the Dominican Republic, E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo, both Iraq wars, and others in which the media were almost universally enthusiastic accomplices.The book should really be sub

42、titled “ War reporting doesnt just suck, it kills. “ It makes you feel like demanding a special war crimes tribunal for corporate media executives and owners who joined the roll-up to “ shock and awe “ as non-uniformed psywar ops. To be sure, this would raise the issue of whether or not following or

43、ders might suffice for the defense of obedient slaves such as Mary McGrory and Richard Cohen, who performed above and beyond the call of duty. “ He persuaded me, “ McGrory gushed the morning after Colin Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations on February 5,2003, declaring that Iraq

44、had weapons of mass destruction. “ The cumulative effect was stunning.“ In the same Washington Post edition, Cohen wrote.The evidence he presented to the United Nationssome of it circumstantial, some of it absolutely bone-chilling in its detailhad to prove to anyone that Iraq not only hasnt accounte

45、d for its weapons of mass destruction but without a doubt still retains them. Only a fool could conclude otherwise.Solomon demonstrates how this kind of peppy prewar warm-up degenerates into drooling and heavy breathing once the killing begins. As if observing a heavy metal computer game, the pornog

46、raphers of death concentrate on the exquisite craftsmanship and visual design of the murder machines, and the magnificence of the fiery explosions they produce.（分数：10.00）(1).What is a common misperception of American press?A It protects freedom of expression without reserve.B It concentrates on medi

47、a support for the wars.C It discloses the shocking history of invasions.D It stands on the side of the government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author of this passage thinks War Made Easy is_.A questionableB controversialC well-provenD finely-polished（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be implied that the confli

48、cts in E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo_.A created heroesB are forgotten by most AmericansC were criticised by American mediaD were supported by American media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can be inferred about McGrory and Richard Cohen?A Both were shocked by the news that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.B Both publicly supported the US accusation of Iraq.C Both committed a special war crime.D Both defended the interests of those who were submissive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the second to last paragraph, “ could conclude otherwise “ probably means th