【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby shut (1) from the world of books and newspapers, having to (2) on friends to read alo

2、ud to them.A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major (3) in providing aid to the (4) .His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that (5) any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like (6) through a speaker. By pressing t

3、he appropriate buttons (7) Cyclopss keyboard, a blind person can “read“ any (8) document in the English language.This remarkable invention represents a tremendous (9) forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $ 50,000. (10) , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing

4、 a smaller (11) improved version that will sell (12) less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil (13) the price range will be low enough for every school and library to (14) one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that (15) will be able to buy home

5、(16) of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.Mr. Hingsons organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been (17) in those tests, making lots of (18) suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce C

6、yclops.“This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies (19) a product was put on the market,“ Hingson said. “Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that (20) , the manufacturers

7、have been the blind ones. /（分数：10.00）(1).A up B down C in D off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A dwell B rely Cpress D urge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A execution B distinction C breakthrough D process（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A paralyzed B uneducated C invisible D sightless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A scans B enlarges C sketch

8、es D projects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A behavior B expression C movement D voice（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A on B at C in D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A visual B printed C virtual D spoken（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A stride B trail C haul D footprint（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A Likewise B Moreover C However D Though（分数：0.

9、50）A.B.C.D.(11).A but B than C or D then（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A on B for C through D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A estimates B considers C counts D determines（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A settle B own C invest D retain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A schools B chihlren C families D companies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A mod

10、els B modes C cases D collections（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A producing B researching C ascertaining D assisting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A true B valuable C authentic D pleasant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A after B when C before D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A occasion B moment C sense D event（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Secti

11、on Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to suing doctors, Philadelphia is hardly the city of brotherly love. A combination of sprightly lawyers and sympathetic juries has made Philadelphia a hotspot for medical-malpractice lawsuits. Since 1995, Pennsy

12、lvania state courts have awarded an average of $ 2m in such cases, according to Jury Verdict Research, a survey firm. Some medical specialists have seen their malpractice insurance premiums nearly double over the past year. Obstetricians are now paying up to $104,000 a year to protect themselves.The

13、 insurance industry is largely to blame. Carol Golin, the Monitors editor, argues that in the 1990s insurers tried to grab market share by offering artificially low rates (betting that any losses would be covered by gains on their investments). The stock-market correction, coupled with the large leg

14、al awards, has eroded the insurers reserves. Three in Pennsylvania alone have gone bust.A few doctors-particularly older ones-will quit. The rest are adapting. Some are abandoning litigation-prone procedures, such as delivering babies. Others are moving parts of their practice to neighboring states

15、where insurance rates are lower. Some from Pennsylvania have opened offices in New Jersey. New doctors may also be deterred from setting up shop in litigation havens, however prestigious.Despite a Republican president, tort reform has got nowhere at the federal level. Indeed doctors could get clobbe

16、red indirectly by a Patients Bill of Rights, which would further expose managed care companies to lawsuits. This prospect has fuelled interest among doctors in Pennsylvanias new medical malpractice reform bill, which was signed into law on March 20th. It will, among other things, give doctors $ 40m

17、of state funds to offset their insurance premiums, spread the payment of awards out over time and prohibit individuals from double dipping-that is, suing a doctor for damages that have already been paid by their health insurer.But will it really help? Randall Bovbjerg, a health policy expert at the

18、Urban Institute, argues that the only proper way to slow down the litigation machine would be to limit the compensation for pain and suffering, so-called “non-monetary damages“. Needless to say, a fixed cap on such awards is resisted by most trial lawyers. But Mr Bovbjerg reckons a more nuanced appr

19、oach, with a sliding scale of payments based on well-defined measures of injury, is a better way forward. In the meantime, doctors and insurers are bracing themselves for a couple more rough years before the insurance cycle turns.Nobody disputes that hospital staff make mistakes: a 1999 Institute of

20、 Medicine report claimed that errors kill at least 44,000 patients a year. But there is little evidence that malpractice lawsuits on their own will solve the problem.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the beginning of the text that doctors in PhiladelphiaA are often overcharged.B flee out of the hot ci

21、ty.C are likely to be sued.D enjoy a high prestige.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By mentioning “double-dipping“ (Paragraph 4), the author is talking aboutA compensations.B premiums.C stock shares.D investment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, what encourages doctors and insurers is thatA a new refo

22、rm bill is coming into force.B insurance premiums could be balanced.C new medical offices have been opened up.D injuries will be precisely measured.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A The proper way is to slow down payments for injuries.B Juries tended

23、 to find fault with the compensations paid.C Low insurance rates are to blame for the potential trouble.D Legal procedures alone may not solve the rough problem.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It seems that the author is most critical ofA negligent doctors.B unfriendly patients.C insurance companies.D sympathe

24、tic lawyers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome-just batch after batch of high-grade and, genetically speaking, immortal offspring! But representatives of the human specie

25、s are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride of science. No one has proposed burning him at the stake, but the poor fellow

26、who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported,“ choking with emotion.“There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstition. The fact is we are already wel

27、l down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms, and there is nothing to stop anyone from marketing them now, on the same shelf w

28、ith the Cabbage Patch dolls.In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some peoples genetic material is worth more than others and deserves to be reproduced at any expense. Millio

29、ns of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread “nightmare” of eugenics in familiar, marketplace form which involves breeding the best-paid instead of the be

30、st. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and various indignities for the male, you might as well make a few backup copies of any vi

31、able embryo thats produced. And once youve got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea?The critics of cloning say we should know what were getting into, with all its Orwellian implications. But if we decide to outlaw cloning, we sh

32、ould understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimately we dont trust the market to regulate life itself. And this may be the hardest t

33、hing of all to acknowledge: that it isnt so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph thatA nonreligious folks received cloning with open arms.B the scientist was

34、encouraged to popularize his ideas.C some people moved strongly against cloning technique.D a technician was condemned and sentenced to death.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is implied in the 3rd paragraph that it isA dishonest to deny some genetic manipulations.B impractical to change our genetic destiny.C

35、 dangerous to prepare backup copies.D irrational to oppose financial operations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can learned from the text that cloning techniques would be applied toA family planning.B marketing strategies.C preventable diseases.D organ replacements.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text

36、, what concerns the author most is the _ with respect to cloning technique.A “ethics“B “economics“C “genetics“D “mechanics/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards the prospect of cloning seems to be that ofA opposition.B suspicion.C approval.D indifference.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分

37、数：10.00)Its easy to get the sense these days that youve stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them arent. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you knew. Theyve changed into something

38、 like their own opposite.Theres Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it away-and pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业) with him. Theres historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of disaffected fellow travelers away from

39、 neoconservatism. To flip-flopis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的). Hes a model of consistency, Stephen Colbert said last year of Georg

40、e W. Bush:“ He believes the same thing Wednesday that he believed on Monday - no matter what happened on Tuesday.“Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle of the night: Ive got it all wrong

41、.It looked at first like a sprinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that were all connected. Everything leans on something, is both dependent and depended on.“The dif

42、ference between you and me,“ a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago,“ is that I think the world is a circle, and you think its a line.“ The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography of Thought, about the differences between

43、 the Western and the Asian mind.To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until its solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things differently: the world isnt a length of r

44、ope but a vast, closed chain, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves.I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around to face East. They had stopped thinking in

45、a line and started thinking in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we infer from first two paragraphs?A Some people have changed into someone another.B Rhere are some

46、 drugs that can change ones identity.C Some moneybags are pulled to act as philanthropist.D francis Fukuyama has become a great traveler.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word“ flip-flop“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.A reverse.B flick.C handspring.D fail.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Accordi

47、ng to the text, one difference between Western and Eastern minds was that _.A the world in Eastern thought is a line while in Western thought is a circle.B Western mind is more comprehensive than Eastern mind.C Western mind is more concerned of connections.D Eastern mind considers things more like a

48、 whole instead of separate parts.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion, the major cause of many people to make U-turns is that _.A they have eaten some drug which can change their identities.B they become to consider the connections between different things.C they want to succeed in catching some political opportunities.D they have been stimulated by some big changes in their life experiences.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?A The Age of U-Turns.B Western and Eastern Cultural Differences.C A Circle World.D T