【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it (1) develop a point of view. But this hasnt stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2) the early conventional wisdom abo

2、ut digital cameras theyre neat (3) for your PC, but theyre not suitable for everyday picture taking.The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4) what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5) we know, it is beginning to seem out o

3、f (6) with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7) , saving pictures as digital (8) and watching them on TV is no less practical and in many ways more (9) than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10) .Paper is also terribly (11) . Pictures that are incorrectly framed,

4、 (12) , or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the (13) . Still images that are (14) digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15) , a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And sin

5、ce the points of light that (16) an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17) being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18) .Whats it like to (19) with one of these digital cameras? Its a little like a first date exciting, confus

6、ing and fraught with (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A rather than B let alone C much less D so as to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A on B with C to D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A attachments B auxiliaries C attributes D counterparts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Areexplaining B rearranging C reexposing D redefining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5

7、).A though B if C as D unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A rate B pace C step D speed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A environment B civilization C community D culture（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A files B documentaries C programs D softwares（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A appealing B facilitating C enlightening D encouraging（分数：0.50

8、）A.B.C.D.(10).A converted B developed C exposed D evolved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A unforgiving B unperceiving C unconsidering D unsympathizing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A aimed B targeted C focused D pointed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A regulations B rules C disciplines D principles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A grippe

9、d B seized C grasped D captured（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A demonstrator B exhibitor C monitor D transmitter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A constitute B illuminate C penetrate D dissolve（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A in case B rather than C as well as D as though（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A on-digit B on-cable C on-line D o

10、n-data（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A fire B maneuver C operate D shoot（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A chances B probabilities C opportunities D possibilities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to

11、start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the not

12、oriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means wa

13、s enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcar

14、d which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and throug

15、h the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!“ (No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely so

16、fter and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the

17、 wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard g

18、oing. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages

19、. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernacula

20、rs of their own: so that the word for “people“, for instance, might be nais, sah ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding a

21、nd progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing

22、the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously

23、 awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?A. He had a neat a

24、nd clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotionalC. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is known from the passage that the writer_.A. had a good command of FrenchB. couldnt make sounds pro

25、perly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr Beheits achievements in language teachingD. didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was_.A. a fast speakerB. a boring speakerC. a laconic speakerD. an interesting speaker（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4

26、).The word “modicum“ in the last paragraph can be replaced by_.A. competence B. excellenceC. mimicry D. smattering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B. The

27、reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheek（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It seems impossible to have an ho

28、nest conversation about global warming. I say this after diligently perusing the British governments huge report released last week by Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank and now a high civil servant. The report is a masterpiece of misleading public relations. It foresees di

29、re consequences if global warming isnt curbed: a worldwide depression and flooding of many coastal cities. Meanwhile, the costs of minimizing these awful outcomes are small: only 1 percent of world economic output in 2050.No sane person could fail to conclude that we should conquer global warming in

30、stantly, if not sooner. Who could disagree? Well, me. Stems headlined conclusions are intellectual fictions. Theyre essentially fabrications to justify an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda. The danger of that is that wed end up with the worst of both worlds: a program that harms the economy with

31、out much cutting of greenhouse gases.Let me throw some messy realities onto Sterns tidy picture. In the global-warming debate, theres a big gap between public rhetoric and public behavior. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United

32、Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (not including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most countries committed to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.Why is this? In rich democracies, policies that might curb gre

33、enhouse gases require politicians and the public to act in exceptionally “enlightened“ ways. They have to accept “pain“ now for benefits that wont materialize for decades, probably after theyre dead. And even if rich countries cut emissions, it wont make much difference unless poor countries do like

34、wise and so far, theyve refused because that might jeopardize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts.The notion that theres only a modest tension between suppressing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth is highly dubious. Stern arrives at his trivial coststhat 1 percent of wo

35、rld GDP in 2050by essentially assuming them. His estimates presume that, with proper policies, technological improvements will automatically reconcile declining emissions with adequate economic growth. This is a heroic leap. To check warming, Stern wants annual emissions 25 percent below current lev

36、els by 2050. The IEA projects that economic growth by 2050 would more than double emissions. At present, we cant bridge that gap.The other great distortion in Sterns report involves global warmings effects. No one knows what these might be, because we dont know how much warming might occur, when, wh

37、ere, or how easily people might adapt. Sterns horrific specter distills many of the most terrifying guesses, including some imagined for the 22nd century, and implies theyre imminent. The idea is to scare people while reassuring them that policies to avert calamity, if started now, would be fairly e

38、asy and inexpensive.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Sterns programA will help to curb global warming.B will foster the healthy development of economy.C will result in the worst of both worlds.D will meet with resistance from the general public.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author agrees with Stern

39、 thatA global warming is something to fight with.B curbing global warming will not affect economy.C an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda is necessary.D not much cost will be involved in conquering global warming.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author asserts that Stems picture about the possibility of

40、conquering global warmingA is too pessimistic.B is oversimplified.C is very imaginative.D ignores the efforts by rich countries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the fifth paragraph, “that gap“ refers to the gap betweenA the annual emissions of the rich and poor countries.B the current levels of emission and

41、levels set by Stern.C reducing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth.D making proper policies and achieving technological advances.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In his report, Stern overstatesA the remedies for a possible economic slowdown.B the necessity for a sustainable economic growth.C the cos

42、ts of minimizing the effects of global warming.D the dangers global warming may cause to the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played l

43、ast season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring

44、 an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today s peopleespecially those born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations-apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent like

45、ly to get any taller. “In the general population to- day, at this genetic, environmental level, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go,“ says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their in- crease in height appears to result from the increa

46、singly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrientsnotably, proteinto feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet an

47、d health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height59“ for men, 54“ for womenhasnt really changed

48、since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal postu

49、re and can- not easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,“ says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon,