【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷454及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 454 及答案解析(总分:60.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:6,分数:60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension(分数:10.00)_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.(分数:10.00)_Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being
2、so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that co
3、nnection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests. Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paole
4、tti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys
5、 and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbol
6、ized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical
7、years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children s behavior: wro
8、ng. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone“ between infant
9、wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler“ became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is t
10、o magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.(分数:10.00)(1).By saying “it is . the rainbow“(Para. 1), the author means pink(分数:2.00)A.should not be the sole representation of girlhood.B.should not be associated with girls innocence.C.cannot explain girls lack of imag
11、ination.D.cannot influence girls lives and interests.(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?(分数:2.00)A.Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B.Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C.Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D.White is preferred b
12、y babies.(3).The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by(分数:2.00)A.the marketing of products for children.B.the observation of childrens nature.C.researches into children s behaviour.D.studies of childhood consumption.(4).We may learn from Pa
13、ragraph 4 that department stores were advised to(分数:2.00)A.focus on infant wear and older kids clothes.B.attach equal importance to different genders.C.classify consumers into smaller groups.D.create some common shoppers terms.(5).It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be(分数:2.00
14、)A.clearly explained by their inborn tendency.B.fully understood by clothing manufacturers.C.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen.D.well interpreted by psychological experts.Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly
15、 until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a cer
16、tain proportion of womenup to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal
17、was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family? “Personally, I dont like quotas,“ Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.“ Quotas get action: they “open the
18、 way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling, “ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. I understand Redings reluctanceand her frustration. I dont like quotas either; they run counter to
19、 my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading
20、the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positionsno matter how much “soft pressure“ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate poweras, for example , Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebookthey attract massive attention precisely because they remain the e
21、xception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all womenwhether CEOs or their children s caregiversand all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.(分数:10.00)(1).In the European corporate workplace, g
22、enerally(分数:2.00)A.women take the lead.B.men have the final say.C.corporate governance is overwhelmed.D.senior management is family-friendly.(2).The European Union s intended legislation is(分数:2.00)A.a reflection of gender balance.B.a reluctant choice.C.a response to Reding s call.D.a voluntary acti
23、on.(3).According to Reding, quotas may help women(分数:2.00)A.get top business positions.B.see through the glass ceiling.C.balance work and family.D.anticipate legal results.(4).The authors attitude toward Redings appeal is one of(分数:2.00)A.skepticism.B.objectiveness.C.indifference.D.approval.(5).Wome
24、n entering top management become headlines due to the lack of(分数:2.00)A.more social justice.B.massive media attention.C.suitable public policies.D.greater “soft pressure“.In 2010, a federal judge shook America s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2
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