【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)-试卷173及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)-试卷 173 及答案解析(总分:42.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:6,分数:42.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part B_The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and f
2、illing them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to
3、get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.B His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 2
4、2% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to ag
5、ree on what a “general education“ should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read“they form a sort of social glue.C Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few
6、 posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor“s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thes
7、es-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.D One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education
8、should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualific
9、ation.E Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell
10、by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kno
11、wledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.“ So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.F The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is t
12、o alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.“ Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.“ Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary an
13、d more holistic.“ Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say. G The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhe
14、re. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully. (分数:10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reor
15、ganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. A Some archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egyp
16、t; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfl
17、y hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.B In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan
18、in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city“s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.C H
19、ow do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have
20、 also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.D Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages an
21、d individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.E To find their sites, archaeologists today
22、rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Ae
23、rial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.F Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb
24、of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers“ stores in Athens, Greece. He
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