【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)-试卷16及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)-试卷 16 及答案解析(总分:70.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:7,分数:70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension(分数:10.00)_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.(分数:10.00)_What makes a great high school? Americans think a lo
2、t of things do, from outstanding academics or a supportive environment for students to a great football or basketball team. Still, pretty much everyone agrees teaching and learning are central to the mission. High schools are expected to prepare students for further education, work, or the military
3、and eliminate the large gaps in achieve-ment separating different ethnic and income groups of students. These are sensible goals. While there are many great high schools among the nearly 22,000 across the country, too many are still not getting the job done. Only about half of African-American and H
4、ispanic students finish high school on time. Meanwhile, the National Assessment of Education Progress tests, often referred to as “the nation“s report card,“ show significant achievement gaps separating white students from black and Hispanic high school students. These are not small differences but
5、rather vast gaps that crush opportunity and tear at our nation“s social contract. Leave aside the intrinsic value of being an educated citizen; there are practical effects as well. In 2005, the mean annual earnings were about $20,000 for a high school dropout but $54,000 for someone with a bachelor“
6、s degree. And those differences are growing wider, not lessening, as our economy becomes more knowledge and skills based. In 1975, a high school dropout earned about half as much as a college graduate, compared with about one third today. This is why U.S. News set some clear criteria for academic qu
7、ality in its new ranking of American high schools. These criteria mean a lot of schools don“t measure uponly 505 schools nationwide earned a silver or gold medal this year. The list illustrates at once the promise and the challenge for high schools today. Only about 1 in 8 of the schools on this lis
8、t serves a student population that is more than 50 percent low income, and only about 1 in 5 has a majority of nonwhite students. Meanwhile, about 1 in 5 selects students based on academic merit, something that obviously boosts the chances of meeting the criteria. Because the U.S. News list uses mor
9、e data to judge schools, it paints a clearer picture. Of course, no list is perfect. For instance, it is difficult to account for high school graduation rates because states calculate them in different ways. But this one better reflects what policymakers and parents want from high schools, as well a
10、s the challenge our nation faces to make our high schools as good as they need to be.(分数:10.00)(1).American high schools are expected to _.(分数:2.00)A.eliminate large social gapsB.remain ethnic diversitiesC.teach students practical skillsD.prepare students for the future(2).In Paragraph 2, “the natio
11、n“s report card“ is mentioned to show that _.(分数:2.00)A.too many high schools fail to accomplish the mission of teaching and learningB.half of African-American and Hispanic high school students are dropoutsC.academic achievement gaps are the primary causes of ethnic gaps in AmericaD.Achievement gaps
12、 among different ethnic groups still remain in American high schools(3).We can learn from Paragraph 3 that _.(分数:2.00)A.inequality of education breaks the contract America signs with its citizensB.income gaps are widened as the economy relies more on knowledge and skillsC.high school education resul
13、ts in more economic impact than emotional oneD.high school dropouts used to earn more in the 1970s than today(4).High schools of silver or gold medalists by U.S. News most probably_.(分数:2.00)A.dedicate to students from low-income familiesB.recruit mainly white studentsC.select students based on acad
14、emic performanceD.admit only minority elite students(5).Which of the following is a feature of the U.S. News list?(分数:2.00)A.Ideal.B.Exaggerating.C.Insightful.D.Threatening.It seems to happen with depressing frequencysunny skies turn to rain just as the weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say t
15、hey have evidence that in some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, although not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest. Evidence has been mounting over the years that the weather in certain partsof the world, including the US, Japan and China, can be dr
16、iven by the weekly cycle of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution during the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occurs in Europe is controversial and has been harder to come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and
17、his colleagues examined data gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to see whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain, as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulation more broadly over Western Europe. The result is puzzling, but it is known
18、that airborne pollutants produced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn heats the air and changes air circulation patterns. Pollutant particles can also provide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which
19、 effect has the greatest influence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They also found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower midweek than at the weekend in data from a global database. This suggests that the human influence on weather goes beyond known loc
20、al effects, says team member Josep Calbo of the University of Girona in Spain. However, it is not clear whether the team“s findings are statistically significant, says Thomas Bell of NASA“s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was part of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle
21、in the US. “This whole enterprise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading oneself.“ Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cycle has ever been found in the UK, probably because the weather is dominated
22、by large systems blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollution cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipitation. “I doubt that there is a weekly influence of human activity on such a
23、 large weather system,“ he says.(分数:10.00)(1).In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that _.(分数:2.00)A.the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycleB.there is a great possibility of rain in Spain on weekendsC.rain cycles have resulted from the excessive human activitiesD.
24、weather interacts with human activities in a straightforward way(2).The reason why weather changes are possibly due to human factors is that _.(分数:2.00)A.the weather usually follows a weekly cycleB.when people stay at home, they are careful with pollutants productionC.air circulation acts in differe
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