【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)-试卷166及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)-试卷 166 及答案解析(总分:50.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:8,分数:50.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part B_The nation“s 47 million uninsured are not the only reason that health care has become a big issue in the presidential campaigns. 1Even back in 2005, the health expenditures for
2、 each U.S. citizen exceeded the entire per capita incomes of Chile or Venezuela. The soaring spending is rooted in the nation“s technophilia: medical technology accounts for asmuch as half the growth in health care spending. 2Our love affair with next-generation imagingmachines, implantable devices
3、and the like has blinded us to the reality that little evidence often exists for whether something novel works any better than existing equipment, procedures or chemicals. The recently published book Overtreated by New America Foundation Fellow Shannon Brownlee documents how surgical operations to r
4、elieve back pain, elective angioplasties that enlarge partially blocked coronary arteries and superfluous computed tomography contribute to the $400 billion to $700 billion in medical care that does not better our health In 2005 the state of Ohio had more magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners th
5、an did all of Canada, leading physicians in Toledo to joke about why cars passing by city hospitals don“t swerve out of control because of strong magnetic fields. 3 Brownlee“s book does not even touch on some ultra-high tech, such as the University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center“s $125-million
6、proton-beam faculty, filled with a physics-grade particleaccelerator, that kills tumor cells. 4One solution, advocated by Brownlee and some other healthpolicy analysts, is a renewal of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)or the creation of an organization like itthat would compare d
7、ifferent treatments. It would be entrusted with comparing the benefits and risks of drugs, procedures and medical devices, while assessing any benefits against costs. The same Newt Gingrichled Congress that eliminated the office of Technology Assessment in 1995 almost did away with the AHRQ, which b
8、arely survived with diminished funding and powers. 5For a revitalized AHRQ or a clone thereof to work as it should will require that a newpresident follow through with adequate funding, an assurance that Medicare will consider seriously its findings and, perhaps most important, a Federal Reservelike
9、 independence from the momentary whims ofthe political establishment. Awatchdog thathelpsto ensure we pay only forwhat works, notwithstanding the entreaties of drug companies and equipment manufacturers to do the opposite, will provide a powerful brake on the growing costs already choking our medica
10、l system. A.Questions remain, however, about whether proton beams are more effective than another form of radiotherapy that M. D.Anderson already offers. B.Besides leaving many uncovered, the U.S. also has trouble controlling the spending habits of a health care giant that is on track to consume 20
11、cents of every dollar by 2015, a tripling from 1970 levels. C.It now serves only as an information clearinghouse, not an organization that makes recommendations on Medicare reimbursement decisions. D.Although this trend has benefited everyonewitness the near halving of heart attack deaths from 1980
12、to 2000not all those added dollars have been as well spent as drug and device manufacturers would have us believe. E.Yet studies have shown that imaging techniques such as MRI have not improved diagnosis as much as doctors and patients think they have. F.Several Democratic candidates, including Sena
13、tors Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, have expressed their approval to the need for institutes that would lay the foundation for “evidence-based“ medicine.(分数:10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_We have come to think of teenagers as a breed apartask any parent of one. But as a driver of cultur
14、e, as a consumer niche, as a state of contrariness, the subspecies known as teenager wasn“t even identified until World War II, the point at which British music writer Jon Savage“s fascinating new book, Teenage: The Creation of Youth Culture 1875-1945, ends. 1. Amid the chaos of mass urbanization in
15、 the late 19th century, teens were already notoriously drawn to trouble. The street gangs that carved up New York City back then were fueled by crime, but many members joined primarily for the sake of the fringe benefitsaccess to the forbidden pleasuresof drink, drugs and sex. 2For example, the Pari
16、sian gangsters of that eraknown as Apacheswore silk scarves and, writes Savage, “an air of bourgeois arrogance.“ In England“s inner cities, where there were regular pitched battles between gangs, the look was edgier. A youth worker in the 1890s noted that a proper Manchester “scuttler“ could be iden
17、tified by a loose white scarf, plastered-down hair, bell-bottom trousers. In 1898, G. Stanley Hall, an American psychology pioneer, defined a new stage of life called “adolescence,“ characterized by parental conflict, moodiness and risk taking. Contrary to the disciplinarian ethos of the day, Hall r
18、ecommended that adolescents be given “room to be lazy.“ His prediction that “we shall one day attract the youth of the world by our unequaled liberty and opportunity,“ not only prophesied a culture that would revere youth but also patented it as American. 3The view of a German lieutenant colonel, Ba
19、ron Colmar von der Goltz, in 1883 that “thestrength of a nation lies in its youth,“ was pretty much shared by all the muscle-flexing European powers of that era. World War I ultimately spent the lives of as many as 3 million of Europe“s adolescents, and the pangs were felt for decades. “The Great Wa
20、r,“ Savage writes, “forever destroyed the automatic obedience that elders expected from their children.“ In the Europe of the 1920s, that generational dissent was mostly expressed either in the arts (JeanCocteau, Fritz Lang, Aldous Huxley) or in outright decadence. 4Nowhere more so than in Germany,w
21、here the Wandervogel, a popular, free-spirited, back-to-nature youth movement whose nonpolitical ideals had survived World War I, found itself hijacked in the 1930s by the Hitler Youth. By 1939, membership of the Hitler Youth stood at 8.9 million. 5The self-styled Swing Kids of Hamburg and the Zazou
22、s of Paris paid a heavy price in beatings and scalpings for growing their hair, wearing Zoot suits, and dirty dancing to banned jazz. “Instead of uniformity, they proclaimed difference; instead of aggression, overt sexuality,“ writes Savage, with as good a recipe as any for the teenage era that was
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