【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷54及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 54 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky go

2、d, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. 【C1】_the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower 【C2】_status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the 【C3】_that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother

3、goddess had【C4】_. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and 【C5】_, and one“ s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that 【C6】_were created to enable the gods to 【C7】_ up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to【C8】_the temple litera

4、lly and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. 【C9】_the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the【C10】_of the economic produce of the city were favored【C11】_ their supernatural and material functions【C12】_. When, after 3,000 B. C., growing warfare among the

5、 cities made military leadership【C13】_, the head of the army who became king assumed a (n) 【C14】_position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to 【C15】_ . Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. 【C16】_them were

6、the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who【C17】_every aspect of the city“s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. 【C18】_ the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or 【C19】_group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisan

7、s, and craftsmen, free peasants who【C20】_the majority of the population; and slaves.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.AsC.LestD.Although(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.withD.about(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.worshipB.reverenceC.admirationD.gratitude(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.vanishedB.recoveredC.declinedD.attained(5).【

8、C5】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.unforgivableC.unlimitedD.unlikely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.creaturesB.animalsC.menD.mortals(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.useB.turnC.giveD.back(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inhabitB.liveC.resideD.lodge(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.ThereafterC.SomehowD.Incidentally(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.transa

9、ctionC.distributionD.provision(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.asB.forC.underD.of(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.anywayC.afterwardsD.alike(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.additionalB.vitalC.singularD.exceptional(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.alternativeB.secondaryC.intermediateD.fundamental(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.pacifyB.temptC.suppressD.m

10、anipulate(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.BesideB.BeyondC.BelowD.Before(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.supervisedB.heldC.managedD.presided(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.AroundB.UnderC.AboveD.Outside(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.nobleC.controllingD.principal(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.consistB.composeC.compileD.consumeMany foreigners who h

11、ave not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 【C1】_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others【C2】_to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 【C3】_the

12、case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 【C4】_being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many 【C5】_in regional character and speech. The chief 【C6】_is between southern England and northern England. South of a 【C7】_going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usual

13、ly learnt by foreign students, 【C8】_ there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually “【C9】_ “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are【C10】_to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more【C11】_. They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that

14、 they make friends with them 【C12】_. Northerners generally have hearty 【C13】_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 【C14】_at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands 【C15】_a gradual change from the southern to the northern

15、 type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound 【C16】_by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be 【C17】_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 【C18】_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic p

16、eoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently【C19】_as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are 【C20】_ a race that is quite distinct from the English.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.In consequenceB.In briefC.In generalD.In fact(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.confineB.attachC.referD.add(3).【

17、C3】（分数：2.00）A.asB.whichC.forD.so(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.withB.byC.atD.for(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.similaritiesB.differencesC.certaintiesD.features(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.factorB.virtueC.privilegeD.division(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.lineB.rowC.borderD.scale(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whoB.whenC.thoughD.for(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.widerB.b

18、roaderC.rarerD.scarcer(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.usedB.aptC.possibleD.probable(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.notoriousC.superiorD.thorough(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.swiftlyB.promptlyC.immediatelyD.quickly(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.appetitesB.tastesC.interestsD.senses(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.helpingsB.offeringsC.fillingsD.

19、findings(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.designateB.demonstrateC.representD.reckon(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.deliveredB.denotedC.depictedD.defined(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.quietB.obscureC.faintD.silent(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ratherB.stillC.somehowD.even(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.renderedB.thoughtC.impressedD.described(20).【C20】（分数

20、：2.00）A.withB.ofC.amongD.against考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 54 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：All Sumerian cities recognized a number of go

21、ds in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. 【C1】_the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower 【C2】_status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the 【C3】_that the peoples of previous t

22、imes had paid to the earth mother goddess had【C4】_. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and 【C5】_, and one“ s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that 【C6】_were created to enable the gods to 【C7】_ up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was c

23、onsidered to【C8】_the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. 【C9】_the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the【C10】_of the economic produce of the city were favored【C11】_ their supernatural and material functions【C12】_. When, after 3,00

24、0 B. C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership【C13】_, the head of the army who became king assumed a (n) 【C14】_position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to 【C15】_ . Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hier

25、archical society. 【C16】_them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who【C17】_every aspect of the city“s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. 【C18】_ the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or 【C19】_group of large landowners and military leaders; a

26、 mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who【C20】_the majority of the population; and slaves.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.AsC.LestD.Although 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格处填入的连词出现在句首，说明空格所在分句与下文之间的逻辑关系。选项中，Unless 表条件，意为“除非”；As 作连词，表时间或原因，意为“当时，因为，由于”；Lest 表目的，意为“惟恐，以免”；Although 表让步

27、，意为“虽然，尽管”。根据文意，“苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和战争的女神”与“她在地位上却明显低于男性的神”之间存在转折关系，因此选DAlthough。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.onB.in C.withD.about解析：解析：考查介词辨析。空格所在部分存在一个形容词的比较级，即，lower than。空格处的介词和 status 搭配，表示“在地位方面”。in 常用在形容词后，表示“在方面”。因此 Bin 为正确选项。其他选项都可与形容词连用。on 表示“影响到”；with 表示“关于，对于”，也可表示“因为，由于”；about 表示“关于，对于”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】

28、（分数：2.00）A.worshipB.reverence C.admirationD.gratitude解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格所在部分为分词结构，作状语，即 indicating that。其中 that 引导宾语从句，空格处填入的名词为从句的主语。该名词后又跟有 that 引导的定语从句：that the peoplesgoddess。将空格处的名词，即 that 代替的先行词放回定语从句，其完整结构是：the peoples of previous times had paid _ to the earth mother goddess。四个选项为近义词，worship 意为“崇

29、拜，敬仰”；reverence 意为“尊敬，崇敬”；admiration 意为“钦佩，赞赏，羡慕”；gratitude 意为“感谢”。从含义上看，人类对神应该是“崇拜”或“崇敬”，因此 worship 和reverence 比较恰当。其次，句中的搭配是 pay sthto sb，表示“付出某事物给某人”。常用于这种搭配的是 reverence 及其同义词 respect，pay reverencerespect to 意为“尊敬，向致敬”。因此本题应选 Breverence。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.vanishedB.recoveredC.declined D.attained解

30、析：解析：考查动词辨析。vanish 意为“消失”；recover 意为“恢复，复原”；decline 意为“减少，下降，衰弱”；attain 意为“达到，获得”，由上文可知，苏美尔人崇拜女神，但她的地位低于男性的神。可见，这种崇拜已经减少。因此 Cdeclined 为正确答案。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictable B.unforgivableC.unlimitedD.unlikely解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词与 violent 并列，说明神的特点。本句句意为：神似乎都极其暴力且_。下文 and 连接的并列分句是对空格所在分句的解释：人的一生将是

31、任他们摆布和奴役的一生。导致这种结果的特点应该是“捉摸不定的”，因此 Aunpredictable 为正确答案。unpredictable 意为“不可预知的，捉摸不定的”；其他选项 unforgivable 意为“不可原谅的”；unlimited 意为“无限的，不受限制的”；unlikely 意为“不太可能的”，均不符合题意。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.creaturesB.animalsC.menD.mortals 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。上文提到，神使人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的一生。空格所在分句则从创世记找到证据支持上文中的观点，因此该句的内容仍然是关于神和人的关系。空格处

32、应填入表示“人类”的名词。creature 意为“生物”，指人时多带有感情色彩，指具有某种特征的人；animals 意为“动物”；men 是 man 的复数形式，意为“男人们”，指人类时应用其单数形式 man；mortal 作形容词时，意为“终将死亡的”；作名词时，意为“凡人，普通人”。因此本题应选 Dmortals。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.useB.turnC.give D.back解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。空格处填入的动词与副词 up 搭配构成短语动词。use up 意为“用完，耗尽”；turn up 意为“开大(音量、热量等)；找到，发现”；give up 意为“放弃”

33、，常接动名词作宾语；back up 意为“支持，援助”；根据上下文意，神奴役人类，人被创造出来后神就不用再劳动。因此选 give up，Cgive 为正确答案。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inhabit B.liveC.resideD.lodge解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处填入动词，其宾语是 the temple(庙宇)，其逻辑主语是 who 替代的名词 god(神)。选项中的四个动词为近义词，都可表示“居住”，但能够作及物动词的只有 inhabit，它意为“居住在，栖息于”，因此 Ainhabit 为正确答案。其他项意为“居住”时都只能作不及物动词，live 也可作及物动词，但

34、意为“(以某种方式)生活，过日子”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.Hence B.ThereafterC.SomehowD.Incidentally解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格处填入的副词出现在句首，表示空格所在分句与上文的逻辑关系。Hence 表示因果关系，意为“因此，所以”；Thereafter 表示时间关系，意为“其后，从那时以后”；Somehow 意为“由于某种未知的原因，不知怎么地”；Incidentally 意为“顺便提一句；偶然地，附带地”。空格上一句提到，神是城邦里所有财产的拥有者。空格所在分句的主干结构是 the priests were favored，the p

35、riests 后 who 引导的一个较长的定语从句指出，僧侣诠释神的意志。因此两个分句之间是因果逻辑关系，即，由于神的权力很大，因此诠释神的意志的僧侣受到青睐。AHence 为正确答案。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.transactionC.distribution D.provision解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处填入名词，和后面的定语 of the economic produce of the city 一起作 controlled 的宾语。空格处句意是：因此诠释神的意志并且控制城邦经济产品的_的僧侣以他们超自然的以及在物质方面享有的功能而受到

36、青睐。introduction 意为“采用，引进，推行”；transaction 意为“办理，处理”；distribution 意为“分配，分布；分发，分送”；provision 意为“提供，供给”。由上文可知，神是所有财产的拥有者，而僧侣诠释神的意志，因此僧侣负责产品的“分配”，Cdistribution 为正确答案。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.asB.for C.underD.of解析：解析：考查介词辨析。空格所在句子的主干结构是 the priests were favored，后面紧跟着的介词短语“their supernatural and material funct

37、ions”作状语。用在动词后，as 意为“作为，当作”；for 意为“为了；因为”；under 意为“在下面；根据，按照；受影响”；of 用在某些动词后，接动作所涉及的人或事。根据句意，应选表原因的介词，因此 Bfor 为正确答案。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.anywayC.afterwardsD.alike 解析：解析：考查副词辨析。空格处填入的词出现在句末，用在两个并列的名词supernatural (functions)and material functions 之后。有这种用法的是 Dalike，它作副词时可用在提到的两个人或两种事物之后，意为“两者都，同

38、样地”。其他项都可作副词，along 意为“向前”；anyway 意为“不管怎样”；afterwards 意为“以后，后来”，均不符合文意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.additionalB.vital C.singularD.exceptional解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格所在部分是 when 引导的时间状语从句，其主干结构是 warfare made military leadership_，空格处填入的形容词作宾补。additional 意为“附加的，另外的”；vital 意为“至关重要的”；singular 意为“单数的；非凡的，显著的”；exceptional 意

39、为“杰出的，优秀的；异常的，特别的”。根据句意，应该是“战争使军事领导才能更显重要”，因此 Bvital 为正确答案。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.alternativeB.secondaryC.intermediate D.fundamental解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格所在句子的主干是：the head of the army assumed a(n)_ position between the god and the priestly class。alternative 意为“可供替换的”；secondary 意为“次要的，从属的”；intermediate 意为“(两

40、地、两物、两种状态等)之间的，中间的”；fundamental 意为“基本的，根本的”。由于下文提到，“居于神和僧侣阶层之间的”，因此空格处应填入 Cintermediate。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.pacify B.temptC.suppressD.manipulate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格所在部分是 whom 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the priestly class。将先行词放入从句中，句子的完整形式是：He had the priestly class both to use and to_，其中 bothand 连接两个并列的不定式作后置定语。可见，空

41、格处填入的动词的逻辑宾语是“僧侣阶层”。pacify 意为“使平静，抚慰”；tempt 意为“诱惑，鼓动”；suppress 意为“镇压，压制”；manipulate 意为“操纵，(暗中)控制”。从上文可知，国王和僧侣都是神的代言人，但国王居于僧侣之上，因此他们之间的关系不应是“诱惑”或“镇压”。如果选择 manipulate，与 use 在含义上出现重复，也应排除。因此 Apacify，为正确答案。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.BesideB.BeyondC.Below D.Before解析：解析：考查介词辨析。Beside 意为“在旁边”；Beyond 意为“在(向)一较远的一

42、边，超出”；Below 意为“在之下，(数量)少于，(级别、重要性)低于”；Before 意为“在之前”。空格上文提到，国王和僧侣代表了上层阶级。空格下文则介绍书吏是庙宇中负责具体事务的侍臣。显然，书吏的地位应在国王和僧侣之下。因此 CBelow 为正确选项。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.supervised B.heldC.managedD.presided解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处填入一动词，其逻辑主语是 who 替代的先行词 the scribes(书吏)，逻辑宾语是后面接的名词短语 every aspect of the citys economic life。sup

43、ervise 意为“监督，管理，指导”；hold 意为“拥有，持有；(军事意义上的)控制，守卫”；manage 意为“管理，负责(公司、球队、组织等)”；preside 意为“主持(会议、仪式等)”。根据句意，“书吏监督城市经济生活的方方面面”，应选 Asupervised。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.AroundB.UnderC.AboveD.Outside 解析：解析：考查介词辨析。Around 意为“在周围”；Under 意为“在之下，少于，低于”；Above意为“在上面”；Outside 意为“在外面；不在范围内，不属于”。空格上文介绍了庙宇的官员，下文则介绍了与宗教无关

44、的其他社会阶层。可见，空格处的介词应表示“在(庙宇的官员)之外”的含义，因此 DOutside 正确。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.noble C.controllingD.principal解析：解析：考查词语辨析。空格处填入的形容词与 elite(上层的，精英的)并列修饰 group，指的是下文提到的这样一群人(large landowners and military leaders)的特点。leading 意为“最重要的，最成功的”；noble 意为“品质高尚的；贵族的，高贵的”；controlling 一般作动名词，而不作形容词；principal 意为

45、“主要的，最重要的”。由于上下文谈论的是社会阶层，因此应选 Bnoble。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.consistB.compose C.compileD.consume解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处填入一动词，其逻辑主语是 who 代替的先行词 free peasants，宾语是 the majority of the population。从含义上首先排除 compile 和 consume。compile 意为“编写(书、列表、报告等)”；consume 意为“消耗，消费”。consist 和 compose 都有“组成”的含义，但 consist是不及物动词，要与介词

46、搭配，consist of 意为“由组成”；compose 是及物动词，意为“组成，构成(一个整体)”。因此本题应选 Bcompose。Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 【C1】_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call

47、 themselves English. The others【C2】_to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 【C3】_the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 【C4】_being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many 【C5】_in regional character and speech. The chief 【C6】_is between southern England and northern England. South of a 【C7】_going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 【C8】_ there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually “【C9】_ “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are【C10】_to claim that they