【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷115及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 115 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The more parents talk to their children, the faster those children“s vocabular

2、ies grow and the better their intelligence develops. In 1995, Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas found a close【C1】_between the number of words a child“s parents had spoken to him【C2】_the time he was three and his【C3】_success at the age of nine. At three, children born into profes

3、sional families had【C4】_30m more words than those from a poorer background. This observation has profound【C5】_for policies about babies and their parents. It suggests that sending children to “preschool“ (【C6】_or kindergartens) at the age of foura favored【C7】_among policymakerscomes too late to【C8】_

4、for educational shortcomings at home.【C9】_, understanding of how children“s vocabularies develop is growing. One of the most striking【C10】_came from Anne Fernald, who has found that the difference【C11】_well before a child is three. Even at the【C12】_age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a d

5、ozen words, those from【C13】_families are several months behind other more favored children. 【C14】_, Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth. She 【C15】_ how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers“ laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball. A recorded

6、 voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his【C16】_. This lets Dr Fernald【C17】_the moment the child“s gaze begins【C18】_towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from【C19】_backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds200 milliseconds faster than tho

7、se from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a【C20】_difference.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.conflictB.correlationC.gapD.difference(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.byB.atC.duringD.after(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.athleticB.commercialC.professionalD.academic(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.learnedB.spokenC.heardD.mastered(5).【C5】（分

8、数：2.00）A.implicationsB.manipulationsC.supervisionsD.requirements(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.collegesB.museumsC.gymsD.nurseries(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.stepB.reflectionC.threatD.illusion(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.retrospectB.compensateC.evaluateD.highlight(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.WorriedlyB.ConsequentlyC.HappilyD.Unconsciously(1

9、0).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.revelationsB.conventionsC.dimensionsD.definitions(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.transformsB.appearsC.terminatesD.survives(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.requiredC.tenderD.senior(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.disadvantagedB.privilegedC.prominentD.immigrated(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.OtherwiseB.IndeedC.Theref

10、oreD.Because(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sustainsB.neglectsC.measuresD.determines(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.assessmentB.supervisionC.standpointD.reaction(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.displayB.stimulateC.noteD.approve(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.transferringB.shiftingC.restrictingD.distracting(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.better-offB.norma

11、lC.typicalD.needy(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.externalC.universalD.hugeSince Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has【C1】_economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of【C2】_. No wonder mankind has taken to the veh

12、icle with such【C3】_ that there are now a billion automobiles on the world“s roads. 【C4】_the car has also brought many【C5】_. It pollutes the air, creates crowding and kills people. An 【C6】_1.24m people die, and as many as 50m are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and【C7】_waste around 90 bill

13、ion hours in traffic jams each year. Fortunately, an【C8】_technology promises to make motoring more【C9】_less polluting and less【C10】_ to hold-ups. “Connected cars“which may eventually evolve into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the【C11】_can communicate wirele

14、ssly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid 【C12】_ and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the【C13】_are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them maintain their distance and stay in a motorway lane automatically a

15、t a range of speeds, and【C14】_ a parking space and slot into it. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls to【C15】_traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain is【C16】_ “smart motorways“, whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a similar effect Combined, these 【C17】_ could create a much

16、more efficient system in which cars and their drivers are constantly【C18】_to hazards and routed around blockages, traffic always flows at the【C19】_speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.boostedB.gainedC.restrainedD.reflected(2).【C2】（分数

17、：2.00）A.moneyB.characterC.funD.reform(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.priceB.pressureC.popularityD.enthusiasm(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.ButC.AndD.Unless(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.punishmentsB.benefitsC.problemsD.advantages(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.astonishingB.amazingC.insignificantD.characteristic(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.engine

18、ersB.officersC.customersD.passengers(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.activeB.emergingC.emergentD.orthodox(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.comfortableC.secureD.communicative(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.adaptableB.suitableC.oppositeD.prone(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.wheelB.momentC.outsetD.corner(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.policemenB.pedes

19、triansC.executivesD.acquaintances(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.informationB.transferC.transformationD.transportation(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.constructB.recognizeC.acknowledgeD.scan(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.activateB.reflectC.generateD.smooth(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.pioneeringB.managingC.disregardingD.promoting(17).【C17】（

20、分数：2.00）A.allowancesB.suggestionsC.innovationsD.conventions(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.accustomedB.devotedC.awareD.alerted(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.optimumB.normalC.lowD.minimal(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.corruptionC.crashingD.explosion考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 115 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120

21、.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The more parents talk to their children, the faster those children“s vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. In 1995, Betty Har

22、t and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas found a close【C1】_between the number of words a child“s parents had spoken to him【C2】_the time he was three and his【C3】_success at the age of nine. At three, children born into professional families had【C4】_30m more words than those from a poorer backgro

23、und. This observation has profound【C5】_for policies about babies and their parents. It suggests that sending children to “preschool“ (【C6】_or kindergartens) at the age of foura favored【C7】_among policymakerscomes too late to【C8】_for educational shortcomings at home.【C9】_, understanding of how childr

24、en“s vocabularies develop is growing. One of the most striking【C10】_came from Anne Fernald, who has found that the difference【C11】_well before a child is three. Even at the【C12】_age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from【C13】_families are several months behind other mo

25、re favored children. 【C14】_, Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth. She 【C15】_ how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers“ laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball. A recorded voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his

26、【C16】_. This lets Dr Fernald【C17】_the moment the child“s gaze begins【C18】_towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from【C19】_backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds200 milliseconds faster than those from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a【C20】_difference.（分

27、数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.conflictB.correlation C.gapD.difference解析：解析：文章首句使用 the more，the fasterand the better(越来越)的句型，由此可知句中三者之间的变化是有关联的。因此推断此处讲的应是“父母对孩子所说的单词量与孩子智力或能力发展的关联”。故选 B 项 correlation“有关的”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.by B.atC.duringD.after解析：解析：父母对孩子所说的单词总量应是经过一段时间的累积才能达到。下文提及具体时间点(the time he wa

28、s three)，因此，应选 A 项 by，表示“从出生开始到 3 岁为止”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.athleticB.commercialC.professionalD.academic 解析：解析：上文提及“父母对孩子词汇量的输入将会促进孩子词汇量的增长和智力的发育”。因此推断孩子 9 岁时的成功应指与“词汇量的增长和智力的发育”相关的学业方面的成就。故选 D 项academic“学术的，学业的”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.learnedB.spokenC.heard D.mastered解析：解析：上文强调的是父母对孩子说话(即单词输入)的重要性，由此推断出此

29、处孩子单词的获得方式是从父母那里听来的。故选 C 项 hear“听到”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.implications B.manipulationsC.supervisionsD.requirements解析：解析：下文提及此观察结果暗示着决策者们所青睐的政策(4 岁开始学前教育)对想要弥补家庭教育缺失的孩子来说太晚了。由此推断这些发现是对政策有指导作用的，故选 A 项 implication“启示”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.collegesB.museumsC.gymsD.nurseries 解析：解析：preschool 后括号内的信息是对 preschoo

30、l 的举例说明。答案应为与 kindergarten(幼儿园)差不多的 pre school 的另一种形式 nursery“托儿所”，故选 D。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.step B.reflectionC.threatD.illusion解析：解析：句中破折号提示空格所填之词指的是上文提及的“在孩子 4 岁时送他们去学前班”。这显然是政府为了解决问题而采取的一种“措施”。故选 A 项 step“步骤”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.retrospectB.compensate C.evaluateD.highlight解析：解析：此处需要一个动词表示孩子们 4 岁上学前班

31、的目的。政府制定政策的目的应为积极正面的。下文提及“家庭教育的缺失”，因此推断目的应是解决 shortcoming(缺失)。故选 B 项 compensate“弥补”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.WorriedlyB.ConsequentlyC.Happily D.Unconsciously解析：解析：下文提及的 understanding ofis growing(对的了解正在增加)有着积极意义，因此，对此评价的副词也应是积极意义，故选 C 项 happily“幸运地”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.revelations B.conventionsC.dimensio

32、nsD.definitions解析：解析：下文提及的是菲尔诺德有关此主题的新发(who has found)。故推断此处填入的词应跟下文的新发现相呼应。所以选 A 项 revelation“被揭露的事实”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.transformsB.appears C.terminatesD.survives解析：解析：下文的举例中提及来自不同家庭背景的 18 个月大的孩子所掌握的单词量已出现差异，由此推断此处指的是这种差异在 3 岁之前就已存在。故选 B 项 appears“出现”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.requiredC.ten

33、der D.senior解析：解析：相对于 3 岁，18 个月应属于年幼的年龄，故选 C 项，tender age 指“年幼时期”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.disadvantaged B.privilegedC.prominentD.immigrated解析：解析：文中多次提及两组群体间的对比。相对于下文中的 more favored children，此处应是 less favored，故选 A 项 disadvantaged“弱势的”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.OtherwiseB.Indeed C.ThereforeD.Because解析：解析：下文提及

34、幼儿词汇量的差异从出生就开始了，相对于上文提及的 3 岁和 18 个月来说，这是一种递进。因此应选表递进的副词，故选 B 项 indeed“甚至”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sustainsB.neglectsC.measures D.determines解析：解析：在下文提及的试验中，孩子们听音辩图，其找出正确图片的具体时间即是他们处理此语言的时间。具体时间的记录(750 milliseconds，200 milliseconds faster)提示本部分的主题是对孩子们语言处理速度的测量。故选 C 项 measure“测量”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ass

35、essmentB.supervisionC.standpointD.reaction 解析：解析：上文提及研究者对孩子们发出指令，接着用摄像机拍摄。紧接着下文提及研究者比较不同家庭出生的孩子用来“确认正确图片”的时间，故推断，此处拍摄的内容是孩子们辨认正确图片的过程，即孩子们作出的“反应”，故选 D 项 reaction“反应”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.displayB.stimulateC.note D.approve解析：解析：This 指代的上文提及的 a camera records his，推断出它的目的是让研究者“观察”孩子的一些事情，故选与“观察”近义的 C 项

36、 note“注意到”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.transferringB.shifting C.restrictingD.distracting解析：解析：下文提及孩子们在测试中需要辨认出正确的图案，因此此处应表达“孩子们将目光转向正确图片的过程”。B 项 shift“转向”符合要求。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.better-off B.normalC.typicalD.needy解析：解析：作为研究中进行对比的两个群体，此处与下文中的 poor families 相对应。因此。答案为与poor 相对的 A 项 better-off“经济情况较好的”。(20).

37、【C20】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.externalC.universalD.huge 解析：解析：相对于 750 milliseconds 的个体基数，200 milliseconds 的差异应属于巨大的。故应选 D项 huge“巨大的”。Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has【C1】_economic growth, increased social mobility and given peop

38、le a lot of【C2】_. No wonder mankind has taken to the vehicle with such【C3】_ that there are now a billion automobiles on the world“s roads. 【C4】_the car has also brought many【C5】_. It pollutes the air, creates crowding and kills people. An 【C6】_1.24m people die, and as many as 50m are hurt, in road a

39、ccidents each year. Drivers and【C7】_waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. Fortunately, an【C8】_technology promises to make motoring more【C9】_less polluting and less【C10】_ to hold-ups. “Connected cars“which may eventually evolve into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future wi

40、ll still have a human at the【C11】_can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid 【C12】_ and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the【C13】_are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them maintain th

41、eir distance and stay in a motorway lane automatically at a range of speeds, and【C14】_ a parking space and slot into it. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls to【C15】_traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain is【C16】_ “smart motorways“, whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a si

42、milar effect Combined, these 【C17】_ could create a much more efficient system in which cars and their drivers are constantly【C18】_to hazards and routed around blockages, traffic always flows at the【C19】_speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：

43、2.00）A.boosted B.gainedC.restrainedD.reflected解析：解析：前文提到 delivered many benefit(带来了很多益处)，本句是 many benefits 中的一种。因此，此空应为能与 economic growth(经济的增长)搭配并表达积极语义的动词。故选 A 项 boost“促进”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.moneyB.characterC.fun D.reform解析：解析：上文提及汽车带来了 many benefits，由此得知此处需要一个名词表示汽车业的发展给个人带来的好处。因此选与个人相关、且表积极意义的 C

44、 项 fun“乐趣”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.priceB.pressureC.popularityD.enthusiasm 解析：解析：下文提及“现已有 10 亿辆汽车行驶在世界各地的公路上”。路上的车辆多(a billion)反映的是人们对于车辆的“热情”，故选 D 项 enthusiasm“热情”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.But C.AndD.Unless解析：解析：上文“提及汽车产业带来的各种好处”。而下一句提到的“它污染空气，造成拥堵，还致人死亡”很显然是汽车产业来来的负面影响，故选表转折的 B 项 but。(5).【C5】（分数

45、：2.00）A.punishmentsB.benefitsC.problems D.advantages解析：解析：空格后所跟的句子罗列了几种现象污染空气、造成拥堵及致人死亡。此空所填名词是对下面这几种现象的总括，故选 C 项 problems“问题”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.astonishing B.amazingC.insignificantD.characteristic解析：解析：下文中的数据“每年因车祸致死的人数为 124 万”，这个数字很大，足以使人震惊，故选 A项 astonishing“惊人的”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.engineersB.off

46、icersC.customersD.passengers 解析：解析：根据下文的因塞车导致的费时(waste 90 billion hours in traffic jams)，可推断浪费时间的应是与 drivers 和在车上的 D 项 passengers“乘客”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.activeB.emerging C.emergentD.orthodox解析：解析：下文提及此技术 promises to make motoringless polluting(有望减少汽车污染)，说明此技术尚未实现，还是新兴的技术。故选 B 项 emerging“新兴的”。(9).【C9

47、】（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.comfortableC.secure D.communicative解析：解析：上文提及汽车所导致的一些问题(如 pollute the air, kills people 等)，本句句首Fortunately(幸运地)的使用提示本部分提及的技术可以解决以上问题。针对上文提及的 kill people。答案应为表示“安全的”C 项 secure。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.adaptableB.suitableC.oppositeD.prone 解析：解析：空格后的 hold-up“停顿”提示此处针对的是上文提及的 creates crowding(造成拥堵)。此技术可以改善这种困扰，意即可以使这种困扰不那么容易发生。故选 D 项 prone“易于的”，less prone to 表示“不易于”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.wheel B.momentC.outsetD.corner解析：解析：转折词 but 提示上文的 driverless cars(无人驾驶的车)与此处 still have a human at the_ 相反。可推断现在的车还是需要人来操纵。故选 A 项 at the wheel“在驾驶