【考研类试卷】考研英语（一）-试卷7及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（一）-试卷 7及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devis

2、ed the system of Latinised scientific names for living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to【C1】_people into his system, he put them into a group called Homo and Linne“s hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens.【C2】_the group originally had a second membe

3、r, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and the pictures show it to be covered【C3】_hair. Modern【C4】_are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Man“s lofty 【C5】_, and the chimpanzee is now referred to【C6】_Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no【C7】_that chimps are humans“ nea

4、rest living relatives, and that if the secrets of what makes humanity special are ever to be【C8】_, understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species,【C9】_it is here that the【C10】_must originate. On

5、e half of the puzzle has been【C11】_for several years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this week“s Nature【C12】_the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting【C13】_answers to age-old questions【C14】_, the publication

6、 of the chimp genome may be something of an【C15】_. There are no immediately obvious genespresent in one, but not the otherthat account for such characteristic human【C16】_as intelligence or even hairlessness. And【C17】_there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discov

7、ered. But although the preliminary comparison of the two genomes【C18】_by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not【C19】_any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for【C20】_（分数：40.00）(1).

8、【C1】（分数：2.00）A.slotB.pledgeC.plotD.scrutinize(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.OrC.TherebyD.But(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.byB.throughoutC.withD.beyond(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.demographersB.taxonomistsC.chronologistsD.psychologists(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.subjectB.dominionC.idealD.species(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.asB.inC.amongD.without(

9、7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.suspensionB.suspicionC.rotationD.doubt(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.disintegratedB.distractedC.deletedD.disentangled(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.because ofB.thoughC.forD.whereas(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.disputesB.differencesC.hunchesD.humanities(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.ruthlessB.mediocreC.opaqueD.available(12).

10、【C12】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whereC.whichD.in that(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.instantB.instinctiveC.constantD.intuitive(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.tooB.eitherC.thoughD.also(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.panaceaB.anticlimaxC.zenithD.momentum(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.meritsC.flawsD.attributes(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.onceC.wh

11、enD.as if(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.duplicatedB.dwarfedC.madeD.overlapped(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.show upB.turn upC.resort toD.turn to(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.himB.itC.themD.her二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the q

12、uestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoe-shine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economist“s economics editor has been-advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that “you can“t g

13、o wrong“ investing in housingthe more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to ever loftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallacies regularly trot

14、ted out by so many self-appointed housing experts. One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argued that “house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here“. But this confuses the level of price

15、s with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising indefinitelyjust look at Tokyo“s huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of homes may push up h

16、ouse prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years. A second flawed argument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some people, who otherw

17、ise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion. Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because inflation is also

18、low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than one repaid over

19、 two years. Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of America“s Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in the stockmarket because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that both in theo

20、ry and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust than is a share-price boom.（分数：10.00）(1).The term “fallacies“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.ridiculous

21、strategiesB.obsolete methodologiesC.mistaken beliefsD.far-fetched assertions(2).What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text.B.A generalization is made in th

22、e opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs.C.The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs.D.A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs.(3).The author of the text makes a

23、 comparison in_.（分数：2.00）A.Paragraph 4B.concluding paragraphC.Paragraph 2D.opening paragraph(4).The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price bubbles are_.（分数：2.00）A.complementaryB.identicalC.oppositeD.similar(5).To which of the following is author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.It is

24、time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home.B.Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.C.People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.D.Alan Greenspan“s claim can hold water with respect to falla

25、cy member three.Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred English

26、man called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refusedand they ended up with several coves called Zog. America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the Constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen. . . shall be eligibl

27、e to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger. Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in California“s recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatur

28、es to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress: one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983.) It

29、 is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside

30、by another incomer, this time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor. Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amen

31、dments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the

32、 vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the text makes a contrast in_.（分数：2.00）A.Paragraph HI and Paragraph IVB.the opening paragraphC.Paragraph I and Paragraph IID.the concluding paragraph(2).The phr

33、ase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.lacks means of transportation forB.never discriminatesC.has no vehicle toD.refuses to consider(3).Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to（分数：2.00）A.more embarrassing secretsB.previous

34、actor backgroundC.excessive garment decorationD.less slender figure(4).The word “cyborg“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.Aubgrey HerbertB.George Bush seniorC.William of OrangeD.Arnold Schwarzenegger(5).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Am

35、erican constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycleB.there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold runningC.abolishing slavery and granting women the vote give an impetus to Arnold runningD.both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matterA p

36、air of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the virus that causes influenza is constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of

37、 pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one in 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m and 50m people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such outbreak can be containedif governments start preparing now. New research published this week s

38、uggests that a relatively small stockpile of an antiviral drugas little as 3m dosescould be enough to limit sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drug“s manufacturer, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation ab

39、out donating such a stockpile. This is good news. But much more needs to be done, especially with a nasty strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in preparation for similar episodes. But pr

40、ogress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little international coordination. A global stockpile of drugs alone would not be much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment quickly. If an outbreak occurred in a border r

41、egion, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agreements between different countries about quarantine and containment. Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent. Rich countries tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this sho

42、uld be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyone“ s interest to make sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a s

43、upply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agreements over surveillance and preparedness. Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the

44、 hospitals overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers to these questions.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “contained“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.checkedB.duplicatedC.includedD.forecast(2).According to the text, it is upsetting that_.（分数：2.00）A.the

45、 flu-catching is more pervasive the world overB.the cause of initial outbreak has not been identifiedC.global co-ordination is yet to well developD.people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment(3).The speed of remedy dispatch is of importance to_.（分数：2.00）A.the recovery of the

46、 infected patientB.the treatment of the ailing suffererC.the prevention of a flu pandemicD.the efficiency of large supply of drugs(4).According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made?（分数：2.00）A.Publications of new research with respect to the supply of the interference from outside

47、.B.Construction of an adequate system of surveillance of early influenza cases.C.Availability of anti-viral drugs and any vaccine in underdeveloped nations.D.Contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment.(5).The best title for the text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.The World Must Pr

48、epare for Pandemic InfluenzaB.Similar Episodes of Initial Outbreak are Always Evasive to LaymenC.The Government Should Take Lead in the Prevention of Pandemic InfluenzaD.The World Health Organization Must Authorize the Relevant Rescue SystemCompanies have embarked on what looks like the beginnings of a re-run of the mergers and acquisitions (M others do not want to subordinate state authority to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.D It was unclear when the wa