【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷74及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 74及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. Aka led his convoy of 31 ships in

2、to the port of Cadiz, (1)_ the Spanish navy was being prepared to (2)_ England. The Spanish were (3)_ completely by surprise, and Dr. Aka“s men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harhour of stores and (4)_ off a Spanish attack, Dr. Aka and his ships (5)_ without th

3、e loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr. Aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the “singeing of the King of Spain“s beard“. As well as (6)_ back the Spanish plan to invade England by several months, Dr. Aka“s daring attack (7)_ the success of a popular new drink. For

4、among the stores that he (8)_ from Cadiz were 2,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9)_ of today“s sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overseas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought ba

5、ck from Cadiz by Dr. Aka gave it a further (10)_ and made it hugely fashionable, (11)_ its Spanish origin. For (12)_ chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13)_ wine. This made it ideal for taking on long sea voyages, (14)_ which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant

6、that (15)_ the hardship of spending weeks packed into a (16)_ ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17)_ into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18)_ official recognition of (19)_ when James I (20)_ an ordinance limiting its consumption at cou

7、rt. By this time sack was popularly known as sherris-sack(sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry.（分数：40.00）A.whereB.whenC.asD.whichA.aggravateB.besiegeC.invadeD.siegeA.seizedB.takenC.capturedD.snappedA.fendingB.fencingC.defeatingD.bringingA.avoidedB.hide

8、dC.brokeD.escapedA.cuttingB.takingC.settingD.dissectingA.stitchedB.sealedC.stuckD.labeledA.robbedB.plunderedC.squanderedD.stoleA.deviantB.variationC.forerunnerD.descendantA.stimulusB.incentiveC.conduciveD.boostA.neverthelessB.notwithstandingC.howeverD.concerningA.obscureB.obsessiveC.obsceneD.obsolet

9、eA.dryB.robustC.weakD.stiffA.inB.onC.duringD.toA.lessenedB.worsenedC.softenedD.sharpenedA.spaciousB.creptC.campedD.crampedA.soldB.exportedC.importedD.introducedA.conferredB.presentedC.grantedD.offeredA.sortsB.kindsC.sortD.kindsA.announcedB.proclaimedC.claimedD.issued二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：

10、58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._St. Paul didn“t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said,

11、 “Gossip is charming“. “History is merely gossip“, he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality“. In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the

12、desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip m

13、ay not be so bad after all. Gossip is “an intrinsically valuable activity“, philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze“ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn“t come through ordinary channels, such as: “What w

14、as the real reason so and-so was fired from the office?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze“ev says. It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfies the tribal neednamely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group“. What“s more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable

15、“. Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely t

16、hat a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets“, he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain

17、 from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with sy

18、mptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned t

19、he lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldn“t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip“.（分数：10.

20、00）(1).Persons“ remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.show the general disapproval of gossipB.introduce the topic of gossipC.examine gossip from a historical perspectiveD.prove the real value of gossip(2).By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding“(Para. 5), Professor A

21、aron Ben-Ze“ev means gossip _.（分数：2.00）A.is a valuable source of social informationB.produces a joy that most people in society needC.brings people the feel of being part of a groupD.satisfies people“s need of being unusual(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）

22、A.Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B.Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip.C.Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.D.People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.gossip

23、ers will surely become gossipees somedayB.Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipeeC.Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossipingD.an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual(5).The author“s attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described a

24、s（分数：2.00）A.neutralB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferentSoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by an

25、ti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus softwar

26、e often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then

27、 sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was

28、 so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, i

29、t could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft“s Windows operating system to allow one computer to control

30、 another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the ve

31、ry weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One Way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi.

32、However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage

33、. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America“s east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devas

34、tating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by _.（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of messagesB.harvesting the addresses stored in the computersC.infecting the computers with an invisible virusD.destroying the anti-virus software of the computers(2)

35、.Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“(Para. 1)?（分数：2.00）A.Falsified.B.Cured.C.Deceived.D.Diagnosed.(3).Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was _.（分数：2.00）A.more destructiveB.more humorousC.less vulnerableD.less noticeable(4).From the text we learn that Welchi _.（分数：2.

36、00）A.is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster didB.is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like BlasterC.is a program intended to fix the infected machinesD.is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“(5).The tone of the text can best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.optimistic and hu

37、morousB.analytical but concernedC.passionate but pessimisticD.scholarly and cautiousEuropean farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negoti

38、ations? On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be brokenthe idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several

39、 key products, including milk and butter, are to be cutthat should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the nego

40、tiations. The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the

41、Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been mis

42、sed because of the EU“s intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the world“s trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico. But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The pack

43、age of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion th

44、at the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation. These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europe“s negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in

45、 turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very

46、complicated package might confirm the sceptics“ fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _.（分数：2.00）A.European farm ministers finally reached a consensusB.the link between farm products and subsidies is removedC.farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to the

47、mD.European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAPB.the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talksC.the deal was probably a resul

48、t of pressure from other countriesD.the world“s trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently(3).In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（分数：2.00）A.Farmers lose their interest in farming.B.Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C.Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D.The measures damage the reformers“ confidence.(4).The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to _.（分数：2.00）A.Europe“s negotiators“ loss of confidenceB