【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷39及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 39及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The Euro skeptics contend that the risks of monetary union far outweigh any advantages

2、it may bring. Since exchange rates can (1)_ be used to offset the strains of different economic conditions prevailing in various member countries, growth and employment problems are inevitable, they say. The resulting political pressures will (2)_ to demands for large intra-union (3)_ payments. And

3、(4)_ political resistance to such payments is inevitable, skeptics regard the EMU as a (5)_ to further European integration. The (6)_ of the EMU is groundless. The countries that will soon formally renounce the right to adjust their nominal exchange rates are not (7)_ up anything they have not alrea

4、dy voluntarily surrendered as part of preparations for monetary union. In the past years not one of the 11 founding members of EMU has (8)_ in order to enhance its (9)_. What better proof of the determination and (10)_ of the European countries to form an economic and monetary union? The claims by E

5、uro skeptics that the (11)_ to EMU membership have sacrificed growth and employment in order to fulfill the convergence criteria don“t hold water.(12)_, government spending of over 50 percent of GDP and taxes and social (13)_ contributions of over 40 percent were clear (14)_ that many countries had

6、widely (15)_ from being market economies. True, the plan for monetary union (16)_ countries to get their public finances in (17)_. But such reformsto put fiscal and social policies on a healthy, economic footing would have been indispensable anyway. Only with a common currency will the EU“s single m

7、arket develop its full dynamic potential. The euro will make pricing more transparent, (18)_ in greater competition and, (19)_, stronger growth. The days will be over (20)_, for want of competition, Europe“s economies became rigid and inflexible.（分数：40.00）A.on no accountB.no longerC.without exceptio

8、nD.in vainA.pointB.comeC.amountD.leadA.balanceB.strainC.transferD.pensionA.beforeB.sinceC.unlessD.althoughA.returnB.responseC.threatD.comfortA.praiseB.criticismC.esteemD.scornA.givingB.makingC.pickingD.workingA.derivedB.degradedC.declinedD.devaluedA.efficiencyB.availabilityC.exposureD.competitivenes

9、sA.capabilityB.capacityC.abilityD.facultyA.opponentsB.aspirantsC.candidatesD.rivalsA.ActuallyB.For instanceC.TheoreticallyD.Even soA.advantageB.profitC.benefitD.interestA.evidenceB.incidenceC.inferenceD.insuranceA.separatedB.radiatedC.scatteredD.divergedA.confinedB.subjectedC.forcedD.drewA.figureB.p

10、atternC.formD.shapeA.differingB.resultingC.bringingD.drivingA.henceB.thoughC.insteadD.anywayA.whereB.whenC.whatD.unless二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C

11、 or D._After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and c

12、ut cover for airlines“ third-party terror and war liabilities to $50m per airline, per “event“. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines“ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. Thes

13、e government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU“s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market

14、to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors, arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster

15、as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much high

16、er since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In

17、the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the c

18、ode-name “Equitime“, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund“s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something

19、 up will take time, so, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines“ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.（分数：10.00）(1).By “terrorist risk became the pariah of perils“(Paragraph 1), the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.airline disasters severely affected t

20、he mutual fund.B.terrorist risk was the chief concern for governments.C.insurance companies refused to pay their premiums.D.terrorist liabilities are not accepted by insurance companies.(2).The writer argues that in the foreseeable future the insurer of last resort for airlines terrorist risk will b

21、e _.（分数：2.00）A.insurance companies.B.airliners themselves.C.governments“ guarantees.D.mutual fund scheme.(3).When mentioning “$50m per airline, per “event“(Paragraph 1), the writer is talking about _.（分数：2.00）A.the gap between insurance and reinsurance.B.the liabilities attributed to terrorists.C.th

22、e fund guaranteed by governments.D.the cover for third-party terrorist risk.(4).In the eyes of the writer, the current insurance industry alone _.（分数：2.00）A.will cancel the provision of all airline insurance.B.could not sustain another sudden catastrophe.C.must cope with a rare risk of a political n

23、ature.D.will be integrated into an insurance vehicle.(5).How does the writer feel about the present situation?（分数：2.00）A.Anxious.B.Tolerant.C.Amazed.D.Indifferent.In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordon and start the work of building a te

24、mple to the god Ram at the disputed site of Ayodhya decided to respect a Supreme Court decision barring them from the area. So charged have Hindu-Muslim relations in India become in recent weeks, as the declared deadline of March 15th neared, that a clash at Ram“s supposed birthplace might well have

25、 provoked bloodshed on an appalling scale across the nation. It has, unfortunately, happened often enough before. But the threat has not vanished. The court“s decision is only an interim one, and the main Hindu groups have not given up on their quest to build their temple. Extreme religious violence

26、, which seemed in recent years to have faded after the Ayodhya related explosion of 1992 1993, is again a feature of the political landscape. Though faults lie on both sides (it was a Muslim attack on Hindus in a train in Gujarat that started the recent slaughter), the great bulk of victims were, as

27、 always, Muslims. Once again, educated Hindus are to be heard inveighing against the “appeasing“ of Muslims through such concessions as separate constitutional status for Kashmir or the right to practice Islamic civil law. Once again, the police are being accused of doing little or nothing to help M

28、uslim victims of rampaging Hindu mobs. Once again, India“s 130m Muslims feel unequal and unsafe in their own country. Far too many Hindus would refuse to accept that it is “their own country“ at all. The wonder of it, perhaps, is that things are not worse. While the world applauds Pakistan for at la

29、st locking up the leaders of its extreme religious groups, in India the zealots still support, sustain and to a degree constitute the government. The BJP, which leads the ruling coalition, was founded as a political front for the Hindu movement. It is simply one, and by no means the dominant, member

30、 of what is called the Sangh Pariwar, the “family of organizations“. Other members of the family are much less savoury. There is the VHO, the World Hindu Organization, which led the movement to build the Ram temple. There is the Bajrang Dal, the brutalist “youth wing“ of the VHO. There is substantia

31、l evidence that members of the VHO and the Bajrang Dal helped to organize the slaughter of hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat after 58 Hindus were killed on a train as they returned from Ayodhya.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learnt from the text that the ruling party in India _.（分数：2.00）A.offered little assis

32、tance in the massacre of Muslisms.B.was unanimous with respect to the issue of religion.C.might have brought religious conflict into politics.D.was striving to gather evidence against militant Hindus.(2).What does the writer wants to illustrate with “a Muslim attack on Hindus on a train in Gujarat“?

33、（分数：2.00）A.The violation of a Supreme Court decision.B.Frequent clashes between Hindus and Muslims.C.The brutality of extreme Indian policemen.D.Social privileges entitled to Hindus mobs.(3).Towards the issue of Hindu-Muslim relations, the writer“s attitude can be said to be _.（分数：2.00）A.pessimistic

34、.B.objective.C.scared.D.biased.(4).We can learn from the text that both Hindus and Muslims are _.（分数：2.00）A.revengeful to each other.B.obedient by nature.C.respectful to the god Ram.D.politically sensitive.(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Hindus seemed t

35、o be more sensible of their actions than previously.B.Dismal consequences will be in store for extreme religious groups.C.The safety of India“s Muslims depended on the good will of Hindus.D.The illegal government is responsible for the present situation in India.When it comes to suing doctors, Phila

36、delphia is hardly the city of brotherly love. A combination of sprightly lawyers and sympathetic juries has made Philadelphia a hotspot for medical-malpractice lawsuits. Since 1995, Pennsylvania state courts have awarded an average of $2m in such cases, according to Jury Verdict Research, a survey f

37、irm. Some medical specialists have seen their malpractice insurance premiums nearly double over the past year. Obstetricians are now paying up to $104,000 a year to protect themselves. The insurance industry is largely to blame. Carol Golin, the Monitor“s editor, argues that in the 1990s insurers tr

38、ied to grab market share by offering artificially low rates (betting that any losses would be covered by gains on their investments). The stock-market correction, coupled with the large legal awards, has eroded the insurers“ reserves. Three in Pennsylvania alone have gone bust. A few doctorsparticul

39、arly older ones will quit. The rest are adapting. Some are abandoning litigation-prone procedures, such as delivering babies. Others are moving parts of their practice to neighboring states where insurance rates are lower. Some from Pennsylvania have opened offices in New Jersey. New doctors may als

40、o be deterred from setting up shop in litigation havens, however prestigious. Despite a Republican president, tort reform has got nowhere at the federal level. Indeed doctors could get clobbered indirectly by a Patients“ Bill of Rights, which would further expose managed care companies to lawsuits.

41、This prospect has fuelled interest among doctors in Pennsylvania“s new medical malpractice reform bill, which was signed into law on March 20th. It will, among other things, give doctors $40m of state funds to offset their insurance premiums, spread the payment of awards out over time and prohibit i

42、ndividuals from double dipping that is, suing a doctor for damages that have already been paid by their health insurer. But will it really help? Randall Bovbjerg, a health policy expert at the Urban Institute, argues that the only proper way to slow down the litigation machine would be to limit the

43、compensation for pain and suffering, so-called “non-monetary damages“. Needless to say, a fixed cap on such awards is resisted by most trial lawyers. But Mr. Bovbjerg reckons a more nuanced approach, with a sliding scale of payments based on well-defined measures of injury, is a better way forward.

44、In the meantime, doctors and insurers are bracing themselves for a couple more rough years before the insurance cycle turns. Nobody disputes that hospital staff make mistakes: a 1999 Institute of Medicine report claimed that errors kill at least 44,000 patients a year. But there is little evidence t

45、hat malpractice lawsuits on their own will solve the problem.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in the first sentence that doctors in Philadelphia _.（分数：2.00）A.are over-confident of their social connections in daily life.B.benefit a lot from their malpractice insurance premiums.C.are more likely to be sued

46、 for their medical-malpractice.D.pay less than is required by law to protect themselves.(2).At the time when this article was written, the situation for doctors in Philadelphia seemed to be _.（分数：2.00）A.rather gloomy.B.fairly optimistic.C.very desperate.D.quite reassuring.(3).By mentioning “double-d

47、ipping“(Paragraph 4), the author is talking about _.（分数：2.00）A.awards given to patients by doctors.B.market share secured by insurers.C.malpractice reform bill to be passed.D.insurance rates-cut in some states.(4).It seems that the author is very critical of _.（分数：2.00）A.litigation prone areas.B.the

48、 insurance premium.C.irresponsible hospital staff.D.the insurance industry.(5).We can learn from the text that a new law in Pennsylvanian _.（分数：2.00）A.will subject insurance companies to lawsuits.B.helps solve the problem of hospital staff errors.C.may leave doctors a little better protected.D.helps patients sue a doctor for damages.America“s central bank sent a clear message this week. For the second consecutive meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee, the central bank“s policy-mak