【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷173及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 173 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1)_ give a great deal of information

2、 about us. For instance, we wear clothes to keep us warm, (2)_ unlike animals we do not have a protective (3)_ of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4)_ clothes of different colours, style and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5)_ b

3、eards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and carry walking sticks. Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6)_ a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wall Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7)_ job in a countr

4、y town. Fashionable and smart (8)_ are associated with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9)_ to get more help and cooperation from (10)_ strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11)_ of help with her broken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dress

5、ed less (12)_. Rebels consider themselves to be different from other people in society, and often (13)_ their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14)_ movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed

6、in a particular style that made them instantly (15)_. But in our modern society some people (16)_ choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17)_ types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18)_ of clothes to express their individuality. For example, so

7、meone (19)_ give an impression of high social status, (20)_ origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.（分数：40.00）A.featuresB.appearanceC.aspectsD.looksA.whenB.becauseC.soD.butA.coveringB.lookC.colorD.coverA.withB.inC.byD.ofA.growB.favourC.keepD.preferA.neverB.neitherC.andD.orA.dissimilarB.di

8、fferentC.similiarD.sameA.clothesB.clothingC.wearingD.appearancesA.found outB.identifiedC.discoveredD.knownA.differentB.fullC.mereD.completeA.waysB.offersC.willingnessD.piecesA.annoyinglyB.naivelyC.appealinglyD.appallinglyA.convertB.transformC.alterD.varyA.labourB.teenagersC.youngstersD.youthA.cogniz

9、antB.recognizableC.rememberableD.identicalA.neverB.alsoC.onceD.seldomA.sociableB.socialC.solemnD.soberA.blendingB.associationsC.combinationsD.mixturesA.had toB.shouldC.mightD.mustA.ScotB.ScotsmanC.ScotlandD.Scottish二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADir

10、ections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._More than a hundred years ago, before the Civil War, a crew of cowboys stood outside a large horse corral. With them was their boss Bradford Grimes, a cattleman, who owned a large South Texas ranch

11、 near the Gulf of Mexico. Just then, Mrs. Grimes, the cattleman“s wife, came to the ranch house door and cried out, “Bradford! Bradford! Those Blacks are worth a thousand dollars apiece. One might get killed“. The cowboys laughed, but they knew she was telling the truth. For they were all Black slav

12、es. Bradford Grimes was their owner. Most of the first Black cowboys were slaves, brought by their masters from the old South. On the plantations in the South, the slaves cut cotton. On the ranches in Texas they had to learn a new tradebreaking horses and handling long-horns. Some were taught by Mex

13、ican vaqueros, some by Indiana who knew the ways of horses and cattle. Grimes was only one of hundreds of slave-owning ranchers who ran cattle in Texas. The ranchers had brought their families and slaves from Mississippi, Georgia, and other southern states. They came on horseback, on foot, and in wa

14、gons. Some ranchers settled near the Mexican border, but there they found that it was too easy for their slaves to escape. Even slaves as far north as Austin, the capital of Texas, came to think of Mexico as the Promised Land. As early as 1845, the year that Texas became a state, a Texas newspaper r

15、eported the escape of twenty-five Blacks. “They were mounted on some of the best horses that could be found, “the story said, “and several of them were well armed“. Thousands of other Black slaves escaped in the same way. All-Black cattle crews were common throughout central and eastern Texas. There

16、 were even a few free Blacks who owned ranches before the Civil War. Aaron Ashworth was one of them, and he owned 2,500 cattle, as well as some slaves of his own. He employed a White schoolmaster to tutor his children. Black cowboys helped to tame and settle a wild country.（分数：10.00）(1).Most of the

17、first Black slaves that became cowboys _.（分数：2.00）A.had been brought to Texas by their owners from the old southB.came on their own to look for the promised landC.came from ranches in Mexico looking for work on Texas cattle ranchesD.came from Africa(2).How did the Black slaves on the ranches in Texa

18、s differ from those on the plantations in the old South?（分数：2.00）A.They cut cotton.B.They escaped from slavery.C.They were mostly cowboys.D.They were riders.(3).What do you think most slaves thought about living and working on ranches?（分数：2.00）A.They liked it so much they were going to find others t

19、o bring back.B.They were unhappy and wanted to leave.C.They wanted to buy slaves and start ranches of their own.D.They were happy to work there.(4).Why do you think the author talks about slaves before the Civil War and not after?（分数：2.00）A.Because slaves are more interesting to talk about before th

20、e Civil War.B.Because there were more slaves than ever after the Civil War.C.Because there were no more slaves after the Civil War.D.Because there was no difference.(5).Since the author tells you that there were hundreds of slave-owning cattle ranchers in Texas, it is possible to say that _.（分数：2.00

21、）A.Blacks didn“t help to settle TexasB.Blacks helped to settle TexasC.Blacks helped only sometimes to settle the new territoryD.Blacks only helped to tame cattleThere are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern aircraft, for ex

22、ample, carries quite a load of electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of these smaller, and therefore lighter, the aircraft can carry a bigger pay-load. This kind of consideration applies to space satellites and to all kinds of computers that have to be carried about. But weight is not

23、the only factor. The smaller the computer the faster it can work. The signals go to and fro at a very high but almost constant speed. So if one can scale down all dimensions to, let us say, one tenth, the average lengths of the current-paths will be reduced to one tenth. So, very roughly speaking, s

24、caling down of all linear dimensions in the ratio of one to ten also gives a valuable bonus: the speed of operation is scaled up 10 times. Other techniques allow even further speed increases. This increase of operation is a real advantage. There are some applications in which computers could be used

25、 which require very fast response times. Many of these are military, of course; but military applications also have applications in engineering sooner or later. For example, automatic blind landing of aircraft requires continuous computer calculations which result in control of the aircraft flight.

26、The more immediate the responses are, the more stable that control can be. Another advantage is that less power is required to run the computer. In space vehicles and satellites this is an important matter; but even in a trial application we need not waste power. Sometimes a computer takes so much p

27、ower that cooling systems which require still more power have to be installed to keep the computer from getting too hot, which would increase the risk of faults developing. So a computer which does not need to be cooled saves power on two counts. Another advantage is reliability. Mini-computers have

28、 been made possible by the development of integrated circuits. Instead of soldering bits of wire to join separate components such as resistors and capacitors sometimes in the most intricate networks, designers can now produce many connected circuits in one unit which involves no soldering and theref

29、ore no risk of broken joints at all.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of mini-computers?（分数：2.00）A.The increase of operation speed.B.The decrease of power needed.C.The development integrated circuits.D.Their reliability.(2).A modern aircraft _.（分数：2.00）A.is run by ele

30、ctronic computersB.carries a bigger load of electronic apparatus than pay-loadC.does not need mini-computers at allD.can carry a bigger pay-load if the electronic apparatus carried by it becomes lighter(3).If all linear dimensions of a computer is scaled down to one tenth, _.（分数：2.00）A.the speed of

31、its operation will go up ten timesB.the electric signals will go to and fro ten times fasterC.its operation speed will remain constantD.its weight will be reduced to one tenth(4).Sometimes cooling systems have to be installed _.（分数：2.00）A.to keep the computer from becoming too hotB.in order to save

32、powerC.because they are necessary for a modern computer to work efficientlyD.to ensure the normal working of a mini-computer(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Continuous computer calculations are required for the automatic blind landing of an aircraft.B.Military application

33、s of computers require their very fast response ability.C.Scaling down of all dimensions of a computer may result in faults developing.D.The development to integrated circuits contributes a lot to the miniaturization of computers.France made soccer history here on Sunday night, when the underdogs be

34、at defending champions Brazil 3-0 to win the last World Cup this century before a delirious crowd of 80000 people. The host nation fully deserved their ultimate triumph, teaching a static Brazil how to play the disciplined attacking football, which has characterized their campaign at France 98. Play

35、ers on both sides burst into tears at the final whistle, French President Jacques Chirac raised his arms in triumph and co-organizer Michel Platini broke into a huge grin. Brazil had just played their worst match of the tournament. French coach Aime Jacquet, who now steps down from the national coac

36、hing job, said: “we are very proud, we worked very hard for this. We didn“t just want to be finalists“, the 56-year-old man went on. “We have worked very hard for the last two years and we justified everything on the pitch. We deserved to win. We“ve got huge faith in our players, who have improved a

37、s the tournament has gone along. We“ve been through everything in these World Cup finals, with the sending-off of Zidane and Laurent Blanc, and yet we“ve made up for their absences and overcome all the obstacles. And to crown all that, we“ve had the sending-off tonight of Desailly. But this team has

38、 extraordinary heart“. France was the better side throughout the tournament. They won all their matches, scored more goals than anyone else and conceded fewer goals than anyone elseonly two, to boast the meanest defense of any winning side. It was the perfect finishing touch for a memorable evening

39、in world sport, rounded off by fireworks, massed singing of “La Marseillaise“(马赛曲) and the image of Deschamps holding the World Cup high above his head.（分数：10.00）(1).The overall attitude of the writer towards the French soccer team is _.（分数：2.00）A.appreciationB.resentmentC.indifferenceD.jealousy(2).

40、What does the writer think of the Brazil team?（分数：2.00）A.He thinks the Brazil team simply has bad luck.B.He thinks the Brazil team should be sympathized.C.He thinks the Brazil team has played quite well.D.He thinks the Brazil team has not improved its technique.(3).What was NOT the reason for their

41、final victory according to what French coach Aime Jacquet thinks?（分数：2.00）A.They have worked very hard for the last two years.B.They believe the abilities of their players.C.They think the absence of several good players on the part of the Brazil team offered them good chances.D.They have successful

42、ly overcome all the obstacles on the way to the victory.(4).The word “crown“ at the end of paragraph 3 is similiar in meaning with _.（分数：2.00）A.disappointB.beatC.pleaseD.overcome(5).The memorable evening include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.fireworksB.singing together a famous songC.a solo

43、by a famous singerD.the holding of the World Cup by DeschampsThe World Health Organization says as many as 10 million persons worldwide may have the virus(病毒) that causes AIDS. Experts believe about 350 thousand persons have the disease. And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the

44、 United States, about 50,000 persons have died with AIDS. The country“s top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead. There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine(疫苗) medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS

45、than they did just a few years ago. We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus. The virus invades healthy cells including white blood cells that are part of our defense system against disease. It takes control of the healthy cell“s genetic(遗传的) material and forces the cell to make a copy of the viru

46、s. The cell then dies. And the viral particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells. The AIDS virus is carried in a person“s body fluids. The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous(静脉内的) drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregna

47、nt woman with AIDS to her developing baby. Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching, drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Experts say no one has gotten AIDS b

48、y living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient. There are several warning signs of an AIDS infection. They include always feeling tired, unexplained weight loss and uncontrolled expulsion of body wastes(大小便失禁). Other warnings are the appearance of white areas on the mouth, dark red areas of skin that do not disappear and a higher than normal body temperature.（分数：10.00）(1).Concerning the ways the AIDS virus can be passed, which of the following statements is wrong?（分数：2.00）A.An AIDS mother can pass o