【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷16及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 16及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famou

2、s English writer used the (1)_ over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2)_ to people who could (3)_ read Greek or Latin. (4)_,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5)_ in mind when they reported on “creeping illiteracy“ in a report on their students“ final examination in

3、 1988. (6)_ the years, university lecturers have been (7)_ of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8)_ their students“ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9)_ often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10)_ was that they had (11)_ t

4、o do teaching their own subject (12)_ teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a(n) (13)_ to stress the importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14)_ the written word in a world dominated by (15)_ communications and images. They (16)_ on the connecti

5、on between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17)_ of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims of a “softening process“ that begins (18)_ the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19)_,

6、mused a great deal of (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.conceptB.conditionC.wordD.ideaA.complainingB.referringC.talkingD.addressingA.clearlyB.merelyC.fairlyD.BarelyA.ThereforeB.SoC.HoweverD.ThusA.disabilityB.facultyC.conditionD.significanceA.OverB.ForC.DuringD.WithinA.afraidB.awareC.warnedD.tiredA.aboutB.aroundC.wi

7、thD.inA.veryB.muchC.tooD.quiteA.complaintB.requestC.appealD.assertionA.littleB.nothingC.plentyD.enoughA.withB.withoutC.forD.byA.dutyB.aimC.planD.engagementA.byB.asC.forD.viaA.verbalB.visualC.oralD.factualA.focusB.pressC.elaborateD.insistA.accuracyB.appropriatenessC.subtletiesD.differencesA.byB.withC

8、.throughD.forA.surprisinglyB.overwhelminglyC.exaggeratinglyD.unknowinglyA.appraisalB.admirationC.perplexityD.controversy二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,

9、C or D._The planet“s wild creatures face a new threat from yuppies, empty nesters, singletons and one parent families. Biologists studying the pressure on the planet“s dwindling biodiversity today report on a new reason for alarm. Although the rate of growth in the human population is decreasing, th

10、e number of individual households is exploding. Even where populations have actually dwindledin some regions of New Zealand, for instancethe number of individual households has increased, because of divorce, career choice, smaller families and longer lifespans. Jianguo Liu of Michigan State Universi

11、ty and colleagues from Stanford University in California re port in Nature, in a paper published online in advance, that a greater number of individual house holds, each containing on average fewer people, meant more pressure on natural resources. Towns and cities began to sprawl as new homes were b

12、uilt. Each household needed fuel to heat and light it; each household required its own plumbing, cooking and refrigeration. “In larger households, the efficiency of resource consumption will be a lot higher, because more people share things,“ Dr. Liu said. He and his colleagues looked at the populat

13、ion patterns of life in 141 countries, including 76 “hotspot“ regions unusually rich in a variety of endemic wildlife. These hot spots included Australia, New Zealand, the US, Brazil, China, India, Kenya, and Italy. They found that between 1985 and 2000 in the “hotspot“ parts of the globe, the annua

14、l 3.1% growth rate in the number of households was far higher than the population growth rate of 1.8 %. “Had the average household size remained at the 1985 level,“ the scientists report, “there would have been 155m fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000. Paradoxically, smaller households do

15、not mean smaller homes. In Indian River County, Florida, the average area of a one-storey, single family house increased 33 % in the past three decades.“ Dr. Liu“s work grew from the alarming discovery that the giant pandas living in China“s Wolong reserve were more at risk now than they were when t

16、he reserve was first established. The local population had grown, but the total number of homes had increased more swiftly, to make greater inroads into the bamboo forests. Gretchen Daily of Stanford, one of the authors, said: “We all depend on open space and wild places, not just for peace of mind

17、but for vital services such as crop pollination, water purification and climate stabilization. The alarming thing about this study is the finding that, if family groups continue to become smaller and smaller, we might continue losing biodiversityeven if we get the aggregate human population size sta

18、bilised.“（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph mainly tells us that（分数：2.00）A.the amount of wildlife is diminishing.B.the population of human is decreasing.C.New Zealanders live an unstable life.D.the structure of families is changing.(2).According to Dr. Liu“s paper, the dwindling of biodiversity is du

19、e to（分数：2.00）A.the reduction in average home size.B.the improvement of living conditions.C.the increasing number of residences.D.the decline of population growth rate.(3).Hotspot regions(Para. 2) refer to（分数：2.00）A.tropical zones,B.places of scenic beauty,C.areas with high population density.D.regio

20、ns rich in a variety of creatures.(4).The significance of open space and “wild places lies in that（分数：2.00）A.they can relax our minds.B.they provide dwellings for us.C.they keep the ecosystem balanced.D.they act as animal reserves.(5).Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?（

21、分数：2.00）A.Smaller Households, Larger Damage.B.Wildlife, Also Right to Live.C.Soaring Population, Rising Hazard to Wildlife.D.Environmental Pollution, Enormous Threat to Wildlife.Browse through the racks of dresses, skirts, and tops in almost any trendy clothing store in fashion-savvy Argentina, and

22、whether you find something that fits depends on your size. But shops carry fewif anyoptions for curvaceous women. When you go into a store and find an extra large, you know that it is really the equivalent of a medium or even a small based on American standards. You feel frustrated bemuse you start

23、to think that everybody is like this, and that you are big. But that“s not true. In this beauty-conscious nation, which has the world“s second-highest rate of anorexia, many are partially blarning the country“s clothing industry for offering only tiny sizes of the latest fashions. The result is a da

24、ngerous paradox of girls and women adapting to the clothes rather than clothes adapting to them. The Argentine legislature is considering whether to force clothing manufacturers to cover “all the anthropometric measurements of the Argentine woman“ up to extra large size. The bill also ad dresses the

25、 related problem of so-called “tricky“ labeling in which S, M, and L designations vary by brand and are smaller than international standards. The proposal has raised eyebrows in a historically flirtatious society skeptical of government and well known for its obsession with beauty. “Argentina has th

26、e world“s highest rates of aesthetic surgery,“ says Mabel Bello, founder of the Association for the Fight Against Anorexia. “When you axe talking about how preoccupied with beauty our society is, that is the most telling statistic.“ For experts such statistics spell futility for legal remedies. “The

27、se types of laws are not going to cause lasting changes,“ says Susana Saulquin, a sociologist of fashion. “A better way to address the problem is through public education that emphasizes balanced eating habits over an unrealistic ideal of beauty.“ Currently, companies try to preserve brand image by

28、catering to young and extremely thin customers, but over time, she believes, a more balanced view of beauty will emerge. For their part, industry groups condemn the bill as overreaching state intervening. They say their business decisions are guided by consumer demand. “We are not in favor of anythi

29、ng that regulates the market,“ says Laura Codda, a representative of major clothing manufacturers. “Every clothing company has the right to make anything they can sellany color, any sizes.“ She says her group is not op posed to measures that would standardize sizing, but she notes that many, if not

30、most, clothes in Argentine stores already carry the numerical designations called for in the hill. If history is a guide, the fate of the proposed law is somewhat bleak. However, in 2005, the provincial government of Buenos Aires managed to pass a similar lawalthough the governor failed to sign it.（

31、分数：10.00）(1).What kind of women do “curvaceous women“(Para. 1) most probably refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Well-proportioned and full-figured.B.Beautiful and charming.C.Slender and tall.D.Full-grown and healthy.(2).Aesthetic surgery is mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.every woman has her rights to pursue beau

32、ty.B.aesthetic surgery is terribly popular.C.the unrealistic pursuit of beauty is popular.D.aesthetic surgery is just a tricky trap.(3).According to the passage, Susana Saulquin（分数：2.00）A.disbelieves the statistics of aesthetic surgery.B.thinks the proposed law will work over time.C.regards the lega

33、l remedies as inadvisable.D.has developed good and balanced eating habits.(4).In the author“s opinion, this kind of bill（分数：2.00）A.has cleared the legislature.B.still has a faint light of hope.C.is actually not necessary.D.is none of government“s business.(5).The best title for this passage may be（分

34、数：2.00）A.Women Adapting to Cloths or Vice Versa.B.Who is the Arbiter, Manufactures or Customers.C.How to Standardize Clothes Sizing.D.Why So Few Large Size Clothes.The global reputation of Japan“s animation industryan animated cartoon industryhas never been higher, and at first glance it would appea

35、r to be in rude health. In the opening weekend of Miyazaki“s new film, Howl“s Moving Castle, a record 1.1 million Japanese crammed into cinemas nationwide. It has since been seen at home by nearly 10 million people, and has made Japan the only country in which The Incredibles has been kept out of th

36、e top slot. Yet Japan“s animators are full of gloom. They fear that the future is bleak and that the success enjoyed by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli, which makes his films, is actually masking a sad decline. Indus try experts say that not only is there a lack of creative talent on a par with Miyazaki,

37、 but the overall standard of animators has fallen over the past decade as low pay and poor working conditions force many to quit. “Miyazaki can“t be replaced, he“s a one-off,“ says Jonathan Clements, a British animation expert, “Miyazaki isn“t 100 per cent of Ghibli, but when he goes, the party is o

38、ver.“ The creative and commercial success enjoyed by Ghibli has afforded it a unique breathing space. For other studios, however, commercial pressures force work to be done at breakneck speed and on shoestring budgets. Veterans of the industry say quality has been sacrificed as television cartoon ep

39、isodes are made for as little as 10,000. Many young animators rely on parental support to put them through animation schools and continue to need financial help just to afford to work in Tokyo, the world“s most expensive city. Yet, remarkably, animation has little problem attracting recruits. Dozens

40、 of students pore over desks painstakingly producing page after page of drawings. Most say they are aware that pay is low but desperately want to work in the industry they fell in love with as children through cartoons such as Doraemon, the blue talking cat, and Battle of the Planets.“ But reality o

41、ften bites as animators reach their thirties, by which time they typically earn around a third of the average pay for Japanese their age and at lower hourly rates than supermarket clerks. Clements believes that the soul of animation is at stake. “Animation is, by definition, from Japan, but it“s onl

42、y a matter of time before the number of foreign contributors tips the balance, and what used to be animation becomes plain old cartoons,“ he says. “It may ultimately remove much of what makes animation appeal to its current foreign audience base: its exoticism.“（分数：10.00）(1).For the time being, Japa

43、n“s animation industry is（分数：2.00）A.in a state of inactivity.B.somewhat promising.C.going from bad to worse.D.seemingly glorious.(2).By “.is there a lack of creative talent on a par with Miyazaki. “(Paragraph 2) the author means（分数：2.00）A.Miyazaki is at his wits end.B.few are as inherently creative

44、as Miyazaki.C.Miyazaki“s achievements are overestimated.D.there is lack of fresh blood in Japanese animation.(3).In Clements“ eyes, Japanese animation（分数：2.00）A.charms foreigners with its alien style.B.was founded by Miyazaki.C.is in lack of a soul.D.will be substituted by foreign contributions.(4).

45、Many young animators pursue the career because they want to（分数：2.00）A.answer their parents“ expectation.B.fulfill their childhood dream.C.prosper animation industry.D.achieve economic success.(5).The best title for the passage might be（分数：2.00）A.Japanese Animation, Why is It to Decline?B.Japanese An

46、imation, Who is the Giant?C.Japanese Animation, What does It Need?D.Japanese Animation, How to Stick Out?It is hard to box against a southpaw, as Apollo Creed found out when he fought Rocky Balboa in the first of an interminable series of movies. While “Rocky“ is fiction, the strategic advantage of

47、being left-handed in a fight is very real, simply because most fight-handed people have little experience of fighting left-handers, but not vice versa. The orthodox view of human handedness is that it is connected to the bilateral specialisation of the brain that has concentrated language-processing

48、 functions on the left side of that organ. Because, long ago in the evolutionary past, an ancestor of humans underwent a contortion that twisted its head around 180“ relative to its body, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. In humans, the left brain is usually dominant. And on average, left-handers are smaller and lighter than right-handers. That should “put them at an evolutionary disadvantage. Sporting advantage notwithstanding, therefore, the existence of left-handedness poses a problem for