【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷141及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语-试卷 141 及答案解析(总分:142.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:2,分数:80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begi
2、n are customarily prescribed by the investigator (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when
3、the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_
4、 much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_
5、 and some formula or set of requirements that (12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimulus generalization; i. e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern t
6、o become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistenc
7、y between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one“s belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or through selective acquisition of new information.(分数:40.00)A.for
8、B.intoC.withD.byA.procedureB.experimentC.programD.adventureA.HoweverB.ConsequentlyC.ThusD.SimultaneouslyA.encounterB.obligationC.insightD.inquiryA.considerationB.discoveryC.questionD.neglectA.respectB.preferenceC.responseD.returnA.rarelyB.particularlyC.barelyD.definitelyA.AlthoughB.SinceC.UnlessD.Pr
9、ovidedA.normalB.practicalC.plausibleD.terminalA.processB.recognitionC.predictionD.discoveryA.createdB.contributedC.donatedD.producedA.demandB.defineC.defendD.detectA.followB.bringC.stimulateD.characterizeA.pressureB.emphasisC.rewardD.profitA.obviouslyB.subsequentlyC.frequentlyD.commonlyA.thoughB.how
10、everC.moreoverD.thereforeA.popularityB.publicityC.difficultyD.uncertaintyA.broadlyB.evidentlyC.distinctlyD.confusedlyA.searchB.wishC.pleaD.talentA.devicesB.structuresC.systemsD.concepts二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:10,分数:58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following fo
11、ur texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It was inevitable that any of President George W. Bush“s fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president“s defense was pathetic. He argued that the steel ta
12、riffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various for
13、ms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said i
14、n a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection.It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been
15、 reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S.
16、 mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture about half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are determined primarily i
17、n world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low
18、 prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the
19、 overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing?(分数:10.00)(1).According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel
20、companies _.(分数:2.00)A.will increase the state wealth.B.will threaten trade monopoly.C.will raise their competitiveness.D.will ultimately hurt consumers.(2).The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of _.(分数:2.00)A.the sacrifice from U.S. con
21、sumers.B.the government“s financial support.C.the reduction of steel product prices.D.the compromise from the labor force.(3).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text?(分数:2.00)A.Lower efficiency.B.Lack of protection.C.Corporate structures.D.Lobbyist
22、 addiction.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy _.(分数:2.00)A.must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices.B.had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors.C.can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in w
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