【考研类试卷】考研英语-975及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-975 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Analysts have their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, (1) without being greatly instructed. Humor can be (2) , (3) a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are (4) to any bu

2、t the pure scientific mind.One of the things (5) said about humorists is that they are really very sad people clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly (6) . It would be more (7) , I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life a

3、nd that the humorist, perhaps more (8) of it than some others, compensates for it actively and (9) Humorists fatten on troubles. They have always made trouble (10) They struggle along with a good will and endure pain (11) , knowing how well it will (12) them in the sweet by and by. You find them wre

4、stling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing hoards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible (13) of tight boots. They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a (14) of what is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong (15

5、) of human woe.Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly dont have to be a humorist to (16) the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing

6、brings a person to the point (17) his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is (18) humor, like poetry, has an extra content, it plays (19) to the big hot fire which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A. while B.

7、 although C. but D. if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. explained B. integrated C. detected D. dissected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. as B. for C. which D. though（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. disgusting B. discouraging C. discounting D. dismissing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. regularly B. commonly C. roughly D. uniquely（分数：0.5

8、0）A.B.C.D.(6).A. consulted B. commented C. remarked D. stated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. accurate B. normal C. immediate D. exclusive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. consciously B. credulous C. sensible D. absurd（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. adequately B. confusedly C. reluctantly D. positively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A.

9、 come across B. pay off C. hold up D. break down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. annoyingly B. cheerfully C. worriedly D. hopefully（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. interest B. threaten C. benefit D. deprive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. pleasure B. exhibition C. prejudice D. discomfort（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. style B. pa

10、ttern C. form D. mold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. tide B. drift C. float D. flare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. taste B. steer C. tackle D. stir（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. how B. where C. how D. unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. when B. that C. whatever D. because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. open B. related C. close D.

11、 devoted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. warmth B. severity C. tension D. fever（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Car makers have long used sex to sell their products. Recently, how. ever, both BMW and Renault have based their latest European ma

12、rketing campaigns around the icon of modern biology.BMWs campaign, which launches its new 3-series sports saloon in Britain and Ireland, shows the new creation and four of its earlier versions zigzagging around a landscape made up of giant DNA sequences, with a brief explanation that DNA is the mole

13、cule responsible for the inheritance of such features as strength, power and intelligence. The Renault offering, which promotes its existing Laguna model, employs evolutionary theory even more explicitly. The companys television commercials intersperse clips of the car with scenes from a lecture by

14、Steve Jones, a professor of genetics at University of London.BMWs campaign is intended to convey the idea of development allied to heritage. The latest product, in other words, should be viewed as the new and improved scion of a long line of good cars. Renaults message is more subtle. It is that evo

15、lution works by gradual improvements rather than sudden leaps (in this, Renault is aligning itself with biological orthodoxy). So, although the new car in the advertisement may look like the old one, the external form conceals a number of significant changes to the engine. While these alterations ar

16、e almost invisible to the average driver, Renault hopes they will improve the cars performance, and ultimately its survival in the marketplace.Whether they actually do so will depend, in part, on whether marketers have .read the public mood correctly. For, even if genetics really does offer a useful

17、 metaphor for automobiles, employing it in advertising is not without its dangers. That is because DNAs public image is ambiguous. In one context, people may see it as the cornerstone of modern medical progress. In another, it will bring to mind such controversial issues as abortion, genetically mod

18、ified foodstuffs, and the sinister subject of eugenics.Car makers are probably standing on safer ground than biologists. But even they can make mistakes. Though it would not be obvious to the casual observer, some of the DNA which features in BMWs ads for its nice, new car once belonged to a woolly

19、mammotha beast that has been extinct for 10,000 years. Not, presumably, quite the message that the marketing department was trying to convey.（分数：6.00）(1).The campaign staged by both BMW and Renault are to marketA. cars based on the old ones.B. cars modeled on DNA technology.C. cars produced with mos

20、t advanced technology.D. cars face-lifted only but little genuinely changed.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The difference between BMWs and Renaults campaign is thatA. BMWs emphasizes technological revolution more explicitly.B. Renaults proves to be more successful.C. Renaults provides more delicate messages t

21、han BMWs.D. BMWs employs the metaphor of DNA while Renaults doesnt.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred that biological orthodoxy favorsA. no change.B. step-by-step change.C. all-of-a-sudden change.D. radical change.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, the success of the campaigns may de

22、pend onA. perceived product quality.B. public perceptions of DNA.C. efforts made by the organizers.D. explicitness in explaining DNA to buyers.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The author thinks that unfortunately BMWs campaign has conveyed the idea ofA. poverty, B. extinction.C. revolution. D. evolution.（分数：1.2

23、0）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first time I tried shark-fin soup was at Time Warners annual dinner in Hong Kong. Shark-fin soup is a luxury item ($100 bowl in some restaurants)in Hong Kong and Mainland China, its biggest consumers; its a dish that embodies east Asias intertwined notions of ho

24、spitality and keeping (or losing) “face“. “Its like champagne“, says Alvin Leung, owner of Bo Innovation, a Cantonese restaurant in Hong Kong. “You dont open a bottle of Coke to celebrate. Its a ritual. “Unfortunately, this gesture of hospitality comes with a price tag much bigger than that $ 100 bo

25、wl. All told, up to 70 million sharks are killed annually for the trade, despite the fact that 30% of shark species are threatened with extinction. “Sharks have made it through multiple mass extinctions on our planet, “ says Matt Rand, director of Pews Global Shark Conservation division. “Now many s

26、pecies are going to go the way of the dinosaurfor a bowl of soup. “The shark-fin industry has gained notoriety in recent years not just because of what its doing to the global shark population but also because of whats known as finningthe practice of catching a shark, removing its fins and dumping t

27、he animal back into the sea. While a pound of shark fin can go for up to $ 300, most shark meat isnt particularly valuable, and it takes up freezer space and weight on fishing boats. Today, finning is illegal in the waters of the E. U. , the U. S. and Australia, among others; boats are required to c

28、arry a certain ratio of fins to carcasses(尸体) to prevent massive overfishing. But there are loopholes in antifinning laws that are easy to exploit. In the E. U. , for example, ships can land the fins separately from the carcasses, making the job of monitoring the weight ratio nearly impossible. In t

29、he U. S. , a boat found carrying nearly 65, 000 lb. ( 30, 000 kg) of illegal shark fins won a court case because it was registered as a cargo vessel, which current U. S. finning. laws do not cover.Sharks populations cant withstand commercial fishing the way more fertile marine species can. Unlike ot

30、her fish harvested from the wild, sharks grow slowly. They dont reach sexual maturity until later in lifethe female great white, for example, at 12 to 14 yearsand when they do, they have comparatively few offspring at a time, unlike, tunas, which release millions of eggs when they spawn.The sharks p

31、light is starting to be weighed against the delicacys cultural value. The conservation group has lobbied local restaurants that offer the classic nine-course banquet served at Cantonese weddings, of which shark fin is traditionally a part, to offer a no-shark menu as a choice to couples.After my fir

32、st encounter with shark-fin soup, I decided that, like my colleagues, I would probably skip it next time. Unfortunately, that next time came at an intimate dinner in a small, private dining room, where I was both a guest and a stranger. When the soupthe centerpiece of the mealwas set down before me,

33、 I ate it. Apparently, Im not the only one to cave. “You go to a wedding, and you refused to eat it just because you feel youre insulted Im not that extreme, “ Leung, the chef, says. “If other people believe that it brings luck .or brings face, Id be a spoilsport. “To make a dent in the slaughter of

34、 the sharks, however, there are going to have to be a lot of people willing to spoil this particular sport.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements about shark-fin soup is true?A. It has a price tag much bigger than $ 100 bowl.B. It carries rich cultural meaning.C. It tastes like champagne.D.

35、 It is expensive for its high nutrition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some fishmen land the fins separately from the carcasses in order to _.A. escape punishment by lawB. make more freezer spaces on boatC. prevent massive overfishingD. exploit bad execution of law（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from

36、the passage that _.A. large creatures tend to extinct more quickly than smaller ones such as tunaB. low breeding capability of shark is the vital reason for its endangermentC. the measures taken to battle against finning are not so successfulD. westerners show no interest in shark-fin soup（分数：2.00）A

37、.B.C.D.(4).It is implied in this passage that to protect shark from extinction, the most important thing to do is _.A. to persuade restaurants to quit shark-fin soup in banquetB. to take courage to go against bad cuisine cultureC. to spot and make up for the loophole in lawD. to do more research to

38、enhance the breeding capability of sharks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for this passage is _.A. Dinausor First, Shark NextB. Endangered Shark SpeciesC. Dirty Trade of Shark-FinD. Killing by Eating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriou

39、sly in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but

40、we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that h

41、ave beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not

42、to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able

43、to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it m

44、eans saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets-whi

45、le, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life-nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of

46、 view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one

47、million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about

48、one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking mans civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that i

49、s to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done somet