【考研类试卷】考研英语-8及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.MySpace and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, U U 1

2、 /U /Uat the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social U U 2 /U /Uplay a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowle

3、r, at the University of California at San Diego. The U U 3 /U /Ureported last summer that obesity appeared to U U 4 /U /Ufrom one person to another U U 5 /U /Usocial networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced U U 6 /U /Ufindings about a

4、nother major health U U 7 /U /U: smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a persons decision to U U 8 /U /Uthe habit is strongly affected by U U 9 /U /Uother people in their social network quiteven people they do not know. And, surprisingly,

5、 entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually U U 10 /U /U.For U U 11 /U /Uof their studies, they U U 12 /U /Uof detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb o

6、f Framingham, Mass., many of the participants were U U 13 /U /Usomehow-through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workersenabling the researchers to study a network that U U 14 /U /U12,067 people.Taken together, these studies are U U 15 /U /Ua growing recognition that many behaviors are U U 16 /U /Uby

7、social networks in U U 17 /U /Uthat have not been fully understood. And U U 18 /U /Umay be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many U U 19 /U /U, such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even U U 20 /U /Ucrime.（分数：10.00）(1). A. so B. but

8、C. as D. although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. resource B. database C. communication D. intranet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. pair B. sociologists C. spouse D. universities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. range B. differ C. vary D. spread（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. between B. among C. in D. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).

9、A. consequent B. controversial C. similar D. diffident（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. issue B. dispute C. problem D. question（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. cultivate B. kick C. leave D. tick（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. how B. that C. what D. whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. surprisingly B. simultaneously C. spontane

10、ously D. strongly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. neither B. none C. both D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. made a companion B. took advantage C. took an attitude D. had the best（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. concerned B. excluded C. encouraged D. connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. totaled B. increased C. summe

11、d D. added（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. filling B. blocking C. fueling D. contributing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. swayed B. deviated C. bettered D. deteriorated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. order B. ways C. fear D. case（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. it B. there C. they D. if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. reasons B. kee

12、ps C. good D. purposes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. banning B. promoting C. fighting D. committing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20

13、th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by Americas Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is base

14、d on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levis jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expen

15、sive.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brandswhich could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Lev

16、is case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levis jeans sold in America and Europea service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs

17、of Levis jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tescos head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks “creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance“.The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual c

18、lothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was b

19、eing destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.Brand experts argue

20、that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levis might well. fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss

21、may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1? A. Consumers and free traders were very angry. B. Only the Levis maker can decide the prices of the jeans. C. The ruling has protected Levis from pr

22、ice dumping. D. Levis jeans should be sold at a high price.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “specious“ (line 4, paragraph 2) in the context probably means _. A. responsible for oneself B. having too many doubts C. not as it seems to be D. raising misunderstanding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Guccis success show

23、s that _. A. it has changed its fate with its own effort B. Gucci has successfully saved its own image C. opening its own stores is the key to success D. it should be the courts duty to save its image（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levis is caused by such factors ex

24、cept that _. A. the rivals are competitive B. it fails to command premium prices C. market forces have their own rules D. the court fails to give some help（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards Levis prospect seems to be _. A. biased B. indifferent C. puzzling D. objective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

25、.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In America and Europe magazine publishers have a common headache: total circulation is either flat or declining slightly as people devote more time to the internet, and an ever greater share of advertising spending is going online. Magazine units are mostly a drag on grow

26、th for their parents. Time Inc, the worlds biggest magazine company, has to fend off rumours that its parent, Time Warner, will sell it. People in the industry expect that Time Warner will soon sell IPC Media, its British magazine subsidiary.The business model for consumer magazines is under pressur

27、e from several directions at once, both online and off. Magazines have become more expensive to launch, and the cost of attracting and keeping new subscribers has risen. In America newsstand sales have been worryingly weak, partly because supermarkets dominate distribution and shelf-space is in shor

28、t supply.The internets popularity has hit mens titles the hardest. FHM, the flagship “lads“ magazine of Emap a British media firm, for instance, lost a quarter of its circulation in the year to June. Not long ago consumer magazines were Emaps prize asset, but slowing growth from the division contrib

29、uted to the companys decision to put itself up for sale. Mens magazines are in trouble in most developed-world markets as people have quickly switched from magazines to online services.There are good reasons why magazine owners should not feel pessimistic, however. For readers, many of the pleasing

30、characteristics of magazinestheir portability and glossiness, for instancecannot be matched online. And magazines are not losing younger readers in the way that newspapers are. According to a study by the digital arm of Ogilvy Group, appetite for magazines is largely unchanged between older “baby bo

31、omers“ and young “millennials“ .On the advertising side, magazines are fearing much better than newspapers, which are losing big chunks of revenue as classified advertising shifts online. Advertisers like the fact that in many genres, such as fashion, readers accept and value magazine ads and even c

32、onsider them part of the product.Unfortunately, magazine publishers have been slow to get onto the internet. “Eighteen months ago the internet was something they worried about after 4pm on Friday, “ says Peter Kreisky, a consultant to the media industry, “but now its at the heart of their business m

33、odel. “ To their credit, however, big magazine firms are doing far more than reproducing their print products online. They offer people useful, fun services online Lagardres Car and Driver website, for instance, offers virtual test drives, and Better Homes and Gardens online has a 3D planning tool t

34、o help people redesign their homes.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author mainly discusses _. A. the effects of internet on the circulation of US and Europe magazines B. the reason why parents dont subscribe to magazines C. the problems American and European magazines face today D. the con

35、sequences of peoples devotion to online magazines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of magazines current situation? A. Magazines face pressures from the Internet only. B. Magazines need to spend more on the marketing. C. Most readers of magazines are attracted to online services. D.

36、 Newsstand in America plays a major role in magazine sales.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, magazine owners should not feel pessimistic in that _. A. magazines are easier to carry B. magazines are not losing young readers C. magazines earn more from advertising than newspapers D. magazine

37、s still have competitive features not found online（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When going onto the internet, big magazines _. A. have changed their business model completely B. are making use of internet flexibly C. are taking prompt actions D. have turned their products into online version（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

38、(5).Which of the following best summarizes the text? A. Magazines faced with various challenges. B. Threats posed by the internet to magazines. C. Popularity lost with magazines. D. New opportunities of magazines.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes the biggest changes in society ar

39、e the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another technology is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In par

40、ticular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism.Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile communications at the moment are to do with technology or regulationbandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahe

41、ad and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at thei

42、r children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they dont need offices at all. Everybody is doing more on the move.Wireless technology is surely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up aga

43、in, with more people working in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9am and 5pm are giving way to more varied patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the office, home and all sorts of other places throughout the day.

44、 Already, architects are redesigning offices and universities: more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary work.Will it be a better life? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge workers from the cubicle prisons as depicted in Mr. Dilb

45、erts cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of time, as nomads who are “always on“ all too often end upmentallyanywhere but here. As for friends and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might bring you much closer to family and f

46、riends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connections to casual acquaintances or strangers sitting next to them in the cafe or on the bus.The same tools have another dark side, turning everybody into a fully eq

47、uipped paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest exercising people find themselves pictured, flabby and sweaty, on some website. As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new freedom, but it also signals the hell of constant surveillance by the tribe.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that _. A. social changes are complex in nature B. people may ignore wireless communications changes C. nomadism is nothing new in socie