【考研类试卷】考研英语-881及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-881 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some (1) by the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as (2) guide during the day, and then (3)

2、to star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide (4) finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks (软体动物), can also make (5) of magnetic compasses. (6) is of course very useful for a

3、migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds cover the sun; (7) it Would just have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again. (8) with the Sun or stars to steer by, the problems of navigation are more complicated (9) they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybe

4、e (10) has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive to (11) : A naturalist has discovered that the bee scout (12) her report through complicated dance in the hive, (13) she tells the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in (14

5、) to the Sun. (15) the Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start (16) to gather the food, the Sun may (17) have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the Sun seems to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bees seem to have no (

6、18) at all in finding the food source. Their inner (19) tell them just where the Sun will be, and they change their course (20) .（分数：10.00）A.moveB.flyC.steerD.swimA.theirB.itsC.onesD.theirsA.convertB.switchC.plungeD.revolveA.inB.atC.forD.onA.wayB.senseC.useD.advantageA.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.ItA.otherwis

7、eB.howeverC.meanwhileD.neverthelessA.StillB.EvenC.YetD.WhileA.whenB.asC.thanD.as thoughA.thatB.ifC.whenD.irA.reportB.sayC.tellD.remindA.transmitB.doC.transfersD.deliversA.howB.whyC.in whichD.in this wayA.orderB.functionC.relationD.responseA.AndB.AlsoC.ForD.ButA.awayB.onC.withD.outA.alreadyB.yetC.cer

8、tainlyD.finallyA.funB.troubleC.useD.wayA.timesB.clocksC.journalsD.circumferencesA.cooperativelyB.coordinatelyC.correspondinglyD.coherently二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Imagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which

9、consisted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising, therefore, that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their ch

10、ildren-conditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with al

11、l they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers c

12、hildren nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athlet

13、ic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense, boys and girls are

14、made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place.But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysteriou

15、s creaturesairy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls dont grow up imagining that men axe romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There axe no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. T

16、here are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a coeducational environment. Segregated schools sometimes pr

17、ovide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems

18、that face men and women.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Only co-education can be in harmony with society.B.People Are in Great Need of Co-education.C.Any form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply UnthinkableD.Co-education Has Many Features.(2).What does co-

19、education offer to children?（分数：2.00）A.A society.B.A true small model of society.C.A real life.D.True version of social condition.(3).According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?（分数：2.00）A.It is for students to acquire knowledge,B.It is to equip future citizens with scientif

20、ic technology.C.It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.D.It is for students to get academic achievements.(4).Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?（分数：2.00）A.They live together and know each other too well.B.Years of li

21、ving together at school dismiss such illusions.C.Co-education encourages them to have an healthy attitude toward life.D.They are familiar with each others problems.(5).We can infer from the passage that some parents send their children to receive education other than co-education, because_.（分数：2.00）

22、A.Parents worry about their childrens safetyB.Parents are afraid of their childrens being involved in love affairs at an early ageC.Parents think that these schools are perfectD.Parents hope that their children can acquire as much knowledge as possible五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the angry debate over

23、 how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute o

24、f Psychiatry decided to look for some:Plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. They are all White living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examine

25、d each childs chromosome 6 (One of the 23 human chromosomes). Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high IQ group as in the average grouw-32 percent versus 16 percent. The study concludes

26、 that it is this form of the IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence.Plomin cautions that “This is not a genius gene. It is one of many.“ (About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect differen

27、t life experiences.)The gene accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither necessary nor sufficient for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not.The smart gene is known by the snappy name “insulin like growth factor 2 receptor“

28、 (IGH2R to its fun). It lets hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gene involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed play the role. Sometimes when s hormone docks with the cell, it makes the cell grow; someti

29、mes it makes the cell commit suicide. Both responses could choreograph the development of the brain. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health find that insulin can stimulate nerves to grow. And in rat brains, regions involved in learning and memory are chock full of insulin receptors.Even tho

30、ugh this supports the idea that IGF2R can affect the brain and hence intelligence, some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for whats called the chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks dexterity,

31、 but all theyve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What if the gene theyve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins Uni

32、versity. “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt./（分数：10.00）(1).As for how much of IQ comes from the genes and how much come from experiences,_.（分数：2.00）A.scientists have reached an agreementB.scientists opinions varyC.no genes have ever been identifiedD.scientists have found many smar

33、t genes(2).A healthy person has_. chromosomes all together.（分数：2.00）A.6B.23C.37D.46(3).It is found that insulin_.（分数：2.00）A.is IQ geneB.has nothing to do with IQ geneC.stimulates nerves to growD.is decisive to the development of intelligence(4).Some geneticists dont accept the IGF2R gene-study becau

34、se_.（分数：2.00）A.the subjects are not worldwideB.the subjects are from the groups that emphasize academic achievementC.the findings have not been replicated by other researchersD.both A and B(5).The phrase “with a whole box of salt“ in the last paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.skepticallyB.willinglyC.publi

35、clyD.undoubtedly六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)E-mailcant live with it, cant live without it. Con artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies-theyve all flocked to email as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us close

36、r to one another, helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns conducted; crimes committed-all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-harried lives. To skeptics,

37、E-mails just the latest chapter in the evolving history of human communication. A snooping husband now discovers his wifes affair by reading her private e-mail-but he could have uncovered the same sin by finding letters a generation ago.Yet E-mail-and all online communication-is in fact something tr

38、uly different; it captures the essence of life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seam ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention s

39、pans shriveling under barrages of new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty E-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the globespanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of

40、the last half of this century, then we must give E-mail-the living embodiment of human connections across the Net-pride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; E-mail is both catalyst and the instrument of that change.The scope of the phenomenon is mind-boggling. Worldwide, 225 mi

41、llion people can spend and receive E-mail. Forget about the Web or e-commerce or even online pornography: E-mail is the Internets true killer appthe software application that we simply must have, even if it means buying a $2,000 computer and plunking down 20 a month to America Online. According to D

42、onna Hoffman, a professor of marketing at Vanderbilt University, one survey after another finds that when online users are asked what they do on the Net, “E-mail is always No. 1.“Oddly enough, no one planned it, and one predicted it. When research scientists first began cooking up the Internets pred

43、ecessor, the Arpanet, in 1968, their primary goal was to enable disparate computing centers to share resources. “But it didnt take very long before they discovered that the most important thing was the ability to send mail around, which they had not anticipated at all,“ says Eric Auman, chief techni

44、cal officer of Sendmail, Inc.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the first sentence of the passage mean?（分数：2.00）A.E-mail brings convenience as well as inconvenience.B.E-mail complicates our lives.C.E-mail links us to others more closely, but at the same time, it isolates us as well.D.E-mail draws crowds of peo

45、ple who cant live with or without it.(2).Despite the vast popularity of E-mail, there are still people who don t think much of it because_.（分数：2.00）A.they think as the latest invention in communication technology it hasnt reach its bestB.they think it may be replaced by newer communication technolog

46、y it does the older ways of communicationC.they think it is no better than the older ways of communicationD.they think its invention is one inevitable step in human evolution just like that of the older ways of communication(3).To the author E-mail is_.（分数：2.00）A.the authority on the acceleration of

47、 life paceB.the essence of lifeC.both the catalyst and the instrument of the change in human interactionD.the living embodiment of human connection in all areas(4).What does the word “mind-boggling“ (Sentence 1, Paragraph 3) probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Amazing.B.Worrying.C.Satisfying.D.Confusin(5).In 1

48、968, research scientists began cooking the Arpanet for the purpose of_.（分数：2.00）A.finding a better way of public communicationB.creating e-mailC.sharing resources among disparate computing centersD.sending mail around七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cillian Shephard is to announce a review of examination sta

49、ndards today as controversy surrounding university entrance procedures brings criticism over Britains educational performance.The Education and Employment Secretary is worried that continuing uncertainty over a levels in particular will undermine the Governments drive to meet ambitious targets for improvement. She postponed an announcement until this years candidates had received their results, but is now determined to clear the air.Mrs. Shepards main advisers on schools have already asked her to sancti