【考研类试卷】考研英语-871及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-871 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Health implies. more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional wellbeing. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1) person in good physical condition is not (2) healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do (3)

2、 how a person copes with the world as it exists. Many of the factors that (4) physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive (5) pictures and good positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6) , and about the

3、 roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7) like others. Having a good self- image is based (8) a realistic (9) of ones own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10) of our society. People of all ages (11

4、) stress. Children begin to (12) stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing (13) in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to (14) academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals (

5、15) to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16) another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individuals physical, social, and mental health are eventuall

6、y affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to (17) mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to (18) , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19) the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each

7、other. They must also be capable of (20) conflicts in a constructive way.（分数：10.00）A.unstableB.unsureC.impreciseD.impracticalA.normallyB.generallyC.virtuallyD.necessarilyA.onB.atC.toD.withA.signifyB.influenceC.predictD.markA.intellectualB.sensualC.spiritualD.mentalA.to be doingB.with doingC.to doD.o

8、f doingA.able better toB.able to betterC.better to ableD.better able toA.onB.fromC.atD.aboutA.assessmentB.decisionC.determinationD.assistanceA.idealityB.realizationC.realismD.realityA.occurB.engageC.confrontD.encounterA.tolerateB.sustainC.experienceD.undertakeA.evidenceB.accidentsC.adventuresD.event

9、sA.acquireB.achieveC.obtainD.fulfillA.respondB.returnC.retortD.replyA.whyB.whenC.whileD.whereA.soundB.all-roundC.entireD.wholeA.illuminateB.enunciateC.enumerateD.initiateA.accessB.assessC.processD.possessA.resolvingB.salutingC.dissolvingD.solving二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0

10、.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When European Union (EU) leaders took delivery of Europes first draft of a constitution at a summit in Greece last June, it was with almost universal praise.There was wide agreement that the text could save the EU from paralysis once it expands from 15 to 25 members next

11、year. It would give Europe a more stable leadership and greater clout on the world stage, said the chairman of the Convention which drafted the agreement, former French President Valery Giscard dEstaing.Such praise was too good to last. As the product of a unique 16-month public debate, the draft ha

12、s become a battleground. Less than four months after it was delivered, the same leaders who accepted it opened the second round of talks on its content this week by trading veiled threats to block agreement or cut off funds if they dont get their way.The tone was polite, but unyielding. In a bland j

13、oint statement issued when the talks opened on October 4, the leaders stressed the constitution, “represents a vital step in the process aimed at making Europe more cohesive, more democratic and closer to its citizens. “Sharp differences remain, though, between member countries of the EU over voting

14、 rights, the size and composition of the executive European Commission, defense co-operation and the role of religion in the new constitution.Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconis hopes of wrapping up a deal on the constitution by Christmas seem far from being realized. While the six founding me

15、mbers of the EU-Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg-plus Britain and Denmark, want as little change as possible to the draft, the 10 mainly central European countries due to join the 15-nation bloc next year want to alter the institutions balance.Such small states are afr

16、aid their views will be ignored under the constitution and are determined to defend the disproportionate voting rights they won at the 2000 Nice Summit. EU experts fear such sharp differences will create exactly the paralysis in the EU the Convention was established to avoid.（分数：10.00）(1).The first

17、draft of the EU constitution was aimed at（分数：2.00）A.turning EU into a super power in the worlds economy.B.serving the interest of the 10 nations planning to come aboard.C.building a better election system for excellent leadership.D.preventing EU from ineffectiveness due to its expansion.(2).The univ

18、ersal praise for the draft turned out to be（分数：2.00）A.short-lived.B.too good.C.totally wrong.D.very insightful.(3).A second round of talks were opened by some leaders, because（分数：2.00）A.they want to make the first draft into a battleground.B.they want to tear the first draft up and write a new one.C

19、.their needs were not satisfactorily met in the draft.D.their funds were channeled into inappropriate projects.(4).Which of the following issue might not be their source of argument?（分数：2.00）A.Leader election.B.Religious belief.C.Military cooperation,D.Economic cooperation.(5).According to experts,

20、the real thing that may paralyze EU is（分数：2.00）A.the bigger size that EU will have in the future.B.the disproportionate voting rights of some small states.C.the fierce disagreement among its member countries.D.the threat from some leaders who want their ways.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists have f

21、or the first time used cloning to create human embryos that live long enough in a laboratory dish to have their stem cells harvested. The feat could set the stage for physicians to produce cells and tissues, tailored to a patients genetic identity that can treat a wide variety of human illnesses. Th

22、e accomplishment also provides a road map for how to clone a person, an even more divisive undertaking.The new work, performed in South Korea, represents “a major advance in stem cell research. It could help spur a medical revolution as important as antibiotics and vaccines“, says Robert Lanza of Ad

23、vanced Cell Technology (ACT), a company in Worcester, Mass., thats also investigating the promising stem cell strategy called therapeutic cloning.“However, now that the methodology is publicly available“, Lanza adds, “I think it is absolutely imperative that we pass laws worldwide to prevent the tec

24、hnology from being abused for reproductive-cloning purposes.“While some fertility doctors and a religious cult have claimed success at creating a pregnancy via cloning, theyve offered no convincing proof. In contrast, the South Korean research is being reported at the meeting of the American Associa

25、tion for the Advancement of Science in Seattle and will appear in an upcoming Science. “This is reality,“ says stem cell researcher John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University. “He4e is a bona fide, refereed journal saying that a human embryo has been cloned and a cell line derived from it.“Although A

26、CT has not yet published a report of a cloned human blastocyst, Lanza says that the South Korean success is “consistent with our own results.“ Therapeutic cloning appeals to Lanza and physicians because cells made this way could have the same DNA as a patients cells do and thus avoid rejection after

27、 theyre transplanted.Seeking a compromise that would permit this strategy to be pursued, many scientists have called for legislation that would ban cloning to produce a baby but allow the creation of cloned embryos to generate stem cells for research or therapies. “The debate has been very polarized

28、,“ notes bio-ethicist Laurie Zoloth of Northwestern University in Evanston.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, stem cells are hard to obtain because（分数：2.00）A.human embryos are very short-lived outside a human body.B.human embryos are extremely hard to be cloned.C.human genetic identity is difficul

29、t to be defined.D.human cloning is strongly opposed by some researchers.(2).Successful stem cell research will hopefully lead to（分数：2.00）A.the cloning of any human beings.B.the cure of many otherwise incurable diseases.C.the abandonment of antibiotics and vaccines.D.the realization of humans dream o

30、f immortality.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that human cloning（分数：2.00）A.has not been so successful as some fertility doctors claim.B.will definitely be banned through legislations.C.has encountered huge technological and funding problems.D.is another project being implemented by South Kor

31、ean scientists.(4).According to the passage, the key factor in avoiding rejection after transplantation is to（分数：2.00）A.make DNAs that are very small and have immune systems.B.make DNAs that are as strong as antibiotics and vaccines.C.make DNAs that are identical with those in the patients cells.D.m

32、ake DNAs that are consistent with the ACT research results.(5).The “compromise“ in the last paragraph probably refers to the practice of（分数：2.00）A.allowing human cloning to be strictly supervised in laboratories.B.permitting human cloning to be done in laboratories only.C.allowing cloning technology

33、 to be used in strictly limited areas.D.permitting cloning technology to be used in any field other than medical science.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since the industrial revolution, government, society, and industry have attempted to channel technological progress in useful directions. Whether it is the

34、 printing press, the cotton gin the automobile or the Internet, technological innovations often have profound economic and social effects. To harness the benefits and minimize the more harmful effects of new technologies, modern governments use four basic approaches: specific direction, market incen

35、tives, criminal prohibition, and behavior modification.Specific direction starts with governments identifying one or more key factors in the R and the issues of psychological and sexual exploitation and, to a lesser extent, exploitation through consumption, have been the most prominent ones.It is no

36、t surprising that the womens liberation movement should begin among bourgeois women, and should be dominated in the beginning by their consciousness and their particular concerns. Radical women are generally the post war middle class generation that grew up with the right to vote, the chance at high

37、er education and training for supportive roles in the professions and business. Most of them are young and sophisticated enough to have not yet had children and do not have to marry to support themselves. In comparison with most women, they are capable of a certain amount of control over their lives

38、.The higher development of bourgeois democratic society allows the women who benefit from education and relative equality to see the contradictions between its rhetoric (every child can become president) and their actual place in that society. The working class woman might believe that education cou

39、ld have made her financially independent but the educated career woman finds that money has not made her independent. In fact, because she has been allowed to progress halfway on the upward-mobility ladder she can see the rest of the distance that is denied her only because she is a woman. She can s

40、ee the similarity between her oppression and that of other sections of the population. Thus, from their own experience, radical women in the movement are aware of more faults in the society than racism and imperialism. Because they have pushed the democratic myth to its limits, they know concretely

41、how it limits them.At the same time that radical women were learning about American society they were also becoming aware of the male chauvinism in the movement. In fact, that is usually the cause of their first conscious 100 verbalization of the prejudice they feel; it is more disillusioning to kno

42、w that the same contradiction exists between the movements rhetoric of equality and its reality, for we expect more of our comrades.This realization of the deep-seated prejudice against themselves in the movement produces two common reactions among its women: 1) a preoccupation with this immediate b

43、arrier (and perhaps a resultant hopelessness), and 2) a tendency to retreat inward, to buy the fools gold of creating a personally liberated life style.However, our concept of liberation represents a consciousness that conditions have forced on us while most of our sisters are chained by other condi

44、tions, biological and economic, that overwhelm their humanity and desires for self-fulfillment. Our background accounts for our ignorance about the stark oppression of womens daily lives.（分数：10.00）(1).The basic difference between Middle Class women and other women in the liberation movement is that（

45、分数：2.00）A.Middle Class women are not married and have no children.B.Middle Class women are not afraid of their husbands.C.other women have less control of their own lives.D.other women grow up with no rights to vote.(2).We can learn from the second paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.social democratic developm

46、ent plays a part in social inequality.B.what makes women dependent is their economic status.C.women can achieve their social equality through education.D.the upward-mobility ladder denies access to women.(3).What do radical women expect more from their male counterparts?（分数：2.00）A.More financial hel

47、p.B.More political support.C.More real respect for sex equality.D.More active involvement in their movement.(4).According to the text, what might a lot of women do when they realize the prejudice in their movement?（分数：2.00）A.Fight more Bravely to get real equality with men.B.Become hopeless and pret

48、end to live their own happy life.C.Buy some gold so as to store enough money for themselves.D.Retreat from the movement and focus on better education.(5).The author implies in the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.most women can retreat from the liberation movement too.B.most women have a strong desire

49、for self-fulfillment as we do.C.most women are eager to be liberated by us from oppression.D.most women couldnt create the liberated life style as we do.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. (41) . Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died mil