【考研类试卷】考研英语-781及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-781 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1) humans, plants can have their temperature (2) from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, (3) the infrared scanning technology

2、developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4) a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5) ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6) target pesticide spraying (7) rain poison on a whole field, which (8) include plants that dont have the

3、 pest problem.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9) to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet (10) , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11) into a color-coded map showing (12) plants were run

4、ning “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13) would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers (14) the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15) . But with the renewed concern about pesticid

5、es on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16) into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17) 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas AM. Ray Jackson, who recently re

6、tired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18) infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19) Paley finds the financial backing (20) he failed to obtain 10 years ago.（分数：10.00）A.asB.withC.likeD.unlikeA.takenB.takeC.tookD.takingA.adoptedB.adoptingC.adaptedD.adapting

7、A.put up withB.came up toC.came up withD.stood up toA.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whereA.preciselyB.extraordinarilyC.exceedinglyD.extremelyA.more thanB.less thanC.rather thanD.other thanA.dominantlyB.deliberatelyC.accidentallyD.invariablyA.seemingB.clearC.apparentD.visibleA.at nightB.for the nightC.in night

8、D.over nightA.transmittedB.transferredC.transformedD.transportedA.howB.whereC.whatD.whenA.otherwiseB.stillC.thusD.thereforeA.persisted inB.resistedC.insisted onD.assistedA.to find outB.to be foundC.to findD.to be found onA.get offB.get outC.get awayD.get backA.ofB.inC.forD.onA.remoteB.lonelyC.remove

9、dD.desolateA.even ifB.if onlyC.only ifD.thoughA.whereB.whichC.howD.when二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fun

10、damental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the

11、 most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas l their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only

12、eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confron

13、ted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most

14、distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no furth

15、er mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number

16、 of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also wh

17、ere the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of

18、 what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the speci

19、alisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge a

20、long the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage

21、, scholars and students are great travellers because_.（分数：2.00）A.standards are higher at foreign universitiesB.their governments encourage them to travelC.salaries and conditions are better abroadD.they are eager for new knowledge(2).The writer says that travel was important in the past because it_.

22、（分数：2.00）A.was a way of spreading ideasB.broke down political barriersC.led to economic progressD.made new ideas less schooling(3).The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_.（分数：2.00）A.there are so many people working in similar fieldsB.there is a lot of soc

23、ial unrest at universitiesC.their follow experts are scattered round the worldD.their laboratories are in remote places(4).The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to _.（分数：2.00）A.spend less time travellingB.cut down research costsC.develop their

24、ideas more quicklyD.keep up with current developments(5).Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of_.（分数：2.00）A.friendships formed by scholars at meetingsB.articles in learned journalsC.the work of international agenciesD.programs initiated by governments五、Te

25、xt 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literal

26、ly believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the earth, spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earths axis of rotation. This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to

27、rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection

28、 of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the

29、slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes its posi

30、tion relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moons path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earths path around the sun, so th

31、e moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of them revolve aro

32、und the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent moti

33、ons around the sun and our motion as well.（分数：10.00）(1).The ancient people believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.the earth was spinning on the axis of the skyB.the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earthC.the patterns of stars on the sky would never changeD.the stars around the sky were not stationary

34、(2).Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon?（分数：2.00）A.The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B.The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C.The moon moves faster than the sun.D.The position of the moon can be found changed in an hours time.(3).It is stated in astrology that

35、_.（分数：2.00）A.the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motionB.the sun was moving westward around the skyC.the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every weekD.the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun(4).All the other five

36、planets_.（分数：2.00）A.always appear near the path of the sunB.are moving in a way more complicated than the earth doesC.arent moving around the sun as independently as the earth doesD.are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does(5).According to the passage which of the following is tr

37、ue?（分数：2.00）A.A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky.B.Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets.C.Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars.D.All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around.六、Text 3

38、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U. N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U. N.“We, the people of the U. N. , determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice

39、in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations ar

40、ising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain

41、 international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved

42、to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.“The name “United Nations“ is accredited to U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked tog

43、ether to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not

44、 represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R. U. , the U.K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U. N.

45、officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic

46、, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends.No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each members rights and obligations are the same. All mu

47、st contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.（分数：10.00）(1).Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was（分数：2.00）A.to promote social progressB.to prevent a third world warC.to rev

48、ise international lawsD.to maintain international peace(2).What did President Roosevelt have to do with the United Nations?（分数：2.00）A.He established “The United Nations“.B.He was given the name “The United Nations“.C.He was a credit to “The United Nations“.D.He probably devised the name “The, United

49、 Nations“.(3).When did the U. N. come into existence?（分数：2.00）A.26 June, 1945.B.24 October. 1945.C.New Years Day in 1945.D.April. 1945.(4).Which of the following is true as to the essential functions of the U. N. ?（分数：2.00）A.Its only concerned with human rights.B.It only solves economic and cultural problems.C.It co-ordinates actions of nations where necessary.D.It only aims to develop friendly relations.(5).Large member countries like China and the U. S.（分数：2.00）A.have a stronger voice than other countriesB.have more freedom in the U.