【考研类试卷】考研英语-774及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-774 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People often wonder why historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records of the past. Why do we have libraries? What (1) are these documents and the (2) books? Why do we (3) and save the acti

2、ons of men, the negotiations of statesmen and the (4) of armies?Because, sometimes, the voice of experience can (5) us to stop, look and listen. And because, sometimes, past records, (6) interpreted, can give us (7) of what to do and what not to do.If we are to create (8) peace forever, we must seek

3、 (9) origins in human experience and in the record of human (10) . From the story of the endurance, courage and (11) of men and women, we create the inspiration of youth. From stories of the Christian men, right down to Budapests heroic men of today, history records the suffering, the self-denial, t

4、he loyalty and the heroic (12) of men. Surely from these records there can come help to mankind in our (13) and perplexities, and in our yearnings (14) peace.The (15) purpose of history is a better world. History gives a warning to those who would (16) war. History (17) inspiration to those who seek

5、 peace. (18) , history helps us learn. Yesterdays records can keep us from (19) yesterdays mistakes. And from the pieces of mosaic assembled by historians come tile great printings (20) represent the progress of mankind.（分数：10.00）A.rightB.goodC.importantD.fineA.oldB.formerC.historyD.previousA.finish

6、B.recordC.writeD.reserveA.campaignsB.activitiesC.movementsD.journeysA.letB.hopeC.causeD.makeA.directlyB.speciallyC.mainlyD.correctlyA.opinionsB.warningsC.answersD.ideasA.enduringB.illustratingC.expressingD.exposingA.itsB.ourC.hisD.herA.mechanismB.empiricismC.conservatismD.idealismA.emotionB.ambition

7、C.devotionD.optionA.behaviorsB.deedsC.dutiesD.performancesA.confusionsB.afflictionsC.passionD.affectionA.withB.toC.byD.forA.lastB.supremeC.importantD.excellentA.raiseB.createC.increaseD.promoteA.receivesB.choosesC.bringsD.conveysA.In shortB.In allC.In additionD.In factA.repeatingB.repeatsC.repeatD.r

8、epeatedA.whatB.whoC.whenD.which二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the past two years in Silicon Valley, the centre of Americas technology industry, conference-goers have entertained themselves playing a guessing game: how many times will a speaker m

9、ention the phrase “long tail“? It is usually a high number, thanks to the influence of the long-tail theory, which was first developed by Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine, in an article in 2004. Though technologists and bloggers chuckle at how every business presentation now has to have

10、its long-tail section, most are envious of Mr. Anderson, whose brainwave quickly became the most fashionable business idea around.Whether a blockbuster film, a bestselling novel, or a chart-topping rap song, popular culture idolises the hit. Companies devote themselves to creating them because the c

11、ost of distribution and the limits of shelf space in physical shops mean that profitability depends on a high volume of sales. But around the beginning of this century a group of internet companies realised that with endless shelves and a national or even international audience online they could off

12、er a huge range of productsand make money at the same time.The niche, the obscure and the specialist, Mr. Anderson argues, will gain ground at the expense of the hit. As evidence, he points to a drop in the number of companies that traditionally calculate their revenue/sales ratio according to the 8

13、0/20 rulewhere the top fifth of products contribute four-fifths of revenues. Ecast, a San Francisco digital jukebox company, found that 98% of its 10000 albums sold at least one track every three months. Expressed in the language of statistics, the experiences of Ecast and other companies such as Ar

14、agon, an online bookseller, suggest that products down in the long tail of a statistical distribution, added together, can be highly profitable. The internet helps people find their way to relatively obscure material with recommendations and reviews by other people, (and for those willing to have th

15、eir artistic tastes predicted by a piece of software) computer programs which analyse past selections.Long-tail enthusiasts argue that the whole of culture will benefit, not just commercial enterprises. Television, film and music are such bewitching media in their own right that many people are quit

16、e happy to watch and listen to what the mainstream provides. But if individuals have the opportunity to pick better, more ideally suited entertainment from a far wider selection, they will take it, according to the theory of the long tail. Some analysts reckon that entire populations might become ha

17、ppier and wiser once they have access to thousands of documentaries, independent films and subgenres of every kind of music, instead of being subjected to what Mr. Anderson calls the tyranny of lowest-common-denominator fare. That might be taking things a bit far. But the long tail is certainly one

18、of the internets better gifts to humanity.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author mentioned the conference-goers guessing game, he wants to show（分数：2.00）A.it is usually a high number that speakers mentioned the phrase “long tail“.B.the enormous influence of the long-tail theory.C.conference-

19、goers liked to entertain themselves playing the game.D.Chris Anderson was the first who developed “long tail“.(2).Which word is most similar to “blockbuster“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) in meaning?（分数：2.00）A.Bomb-like.B.Unpopular.C.High profit.D.Bestselling.(3).Which of the following statements is lure?（分

20、数：2.00）A.Only the internet can help people find more way to relatively obscure material.B.80/20 rule is disproved by long-tail theory.C.Statistical distribution in the long tail can be highly profitable.D.The internet is a support point of long-tail theory.(4).Who will be benefited the least accordi

21、ng to the theory?（分数：2.00）A.Sub-genre media.B.Big companies.C.Whole of culture.D.Individuals.(5).Whats the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Chris Anderson and his “Long-tail“.B.Prevalence of “Long-tail“.C.What is Long-tail?D.Long-tail and Internet.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As with many a grown-up

22、sporting star, the first hint of greatness came at an early age for Lewis Hamilton. As an eight-year-old at his first kart race, he charged “more like a mature driver than a novice,“ remembers Martin Hines, owner of the Zip Kart racing company. Scything his way through the field just outside London,

23、 Hamilton had a confident style that seemed different from normal rookies, Hines says. “There was a little spark about him.“ Now 22, and in his debut season in Formula Onehe became the first black driver to make it onto the grid in motor racings blue-ribbon championship.His success and profile that

24、have earned young Hamilton comparisons with other sporting greats. His color Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50sand the positive influence of his father, Anthony, have drawn parallels with Tiger Woods. Hamilton acknowledges that his participation could stoke interest among

25、ethnic groups who may not be into the sport now. “Hopefully people that can relate to me will see that its possible and also try to get into the sport,“ he told the BBC. Moreover, his youth, good looks and wholesome image are also likely to get marketers fired up.Countless more karting titles follow

26、ed before 2001. He “made seasoned drivers look silly,“ says Tony Shaw, Hamiltons then team manager at Manor Motorsport. Hamiltons raw, natural speed and canny race craft nudged him closer to the big leagues. Hamiltons “understanding of when and where to overtake and how to take advantage of a situat

27、ion is very advanced,“ Shaw says.At his first crack at GP2, the training ground for Formula One, Hamilton dominated the 2006 season with a series of blistering drives on his way to the title. Hamilton is “not worried about showing or doing what hes used to doing just because its Formula One,“ says H

28、ill. For many new drivers, “thats an enormous hurdle.“ With the retirement last year of seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher, theres one less rival for Hamilton to negotiate.And Hamilton is certainly not short on confidence. When he first met Ron Dennisnow his Formula One team bossas a 10-ye

29、ar-old in a borrowed suit, Hamilton promptly told him he wanted to drive for McLaren. Three years later, he joined the teams support program for promising young drivers. But, say former team managers, hes ready to listen and learn when things go wrong. Hamilton has a rare “capacity to question himse

30、lfto analyze very clearly after a race,“ says Frederic Vasseur, general manager at the ART Grand Prix team behind Hamiltons GP2 championship.As for whether hell become the Tiger Woods of the sport, its too early to know whether he can live up to those standards. But for now, his fans are bullish. Da

31、mon Hill was the last British driver to take the world crown. And its Hamilton, Hill says, “who looks likely to be the next./（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.Lewis Hamilton seemed different from normal rookies because of his racing gift.B.Lewis Hamilton is always co

32、nfident since he is an eight-year-old.C.Lewis Hamilton grows up in British.D.Lewis Hamilton was much better than peer drivers.(2).Which is the most important reason why Lewis Hamilton “parallels with Tiger Woods“?（分数：2.00）A.Both of them first hint their greatness at an early age.B.Hamiltons grandfat

33、her came to Britain from Grenada in the 50s, the positive influence of his father and his color.C.Both of them can get market fire up.D.Both of them have large influence on many kinds of ethnic groups to participate in sports and society.(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the

34、 passage?（分数：2.00）A.Why Hamilton is closer to the big leagues is his raw, natural speed and canny race craft.B.Hamilton is flexible at when and where in racing track.C.Retirement of Michael Schumacher is beneficial to Hamilton.D.Hamiltons capacity to question himself is the only reason of his succes

35、s.(4).Which word is most similar in meaning to “bullish“ (Line 2, Last paragraph)?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Foolish.C.Obstinate.D.Fevered.(5).Which one is the best title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Lewis Hamilton: A Rising Sport StarB.Lewis Hamilton: The Tiger Woods of Racing?C.Lewis Hamilton: Motor Rac

36、ings First Black DriverD.Lewis Hamilton: A Super Motor Racing Driver六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smolde

37、ring as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common on screen than at any other time since midcentury: 75% of all Hollywood filmsincluding 36% of those rated G or PGshow tobacco use, according to a 2006 survey by the University of California, San Francisco.Audiences, especially kids, are tak

38、ing notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit. Worse, its the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest. Now the Harvard

39、 School of Public Health (HSPH)the folks behind the designated-driver campaignare pushing to get the smokes off the screen. “Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour,“ says Barry Bloom, HSPHs dean. “Were in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventa

40、ble cause.“Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldnt be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorp

41、orating smoking into scenes on their own. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio execs trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvards advice was

42、direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing.A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped persuade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to de t

43、he same for the leads of her 2006 movie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her that the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way through the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, its clear the glamours gone

44、. And remember all the smoking in The Devil Wears Prada? No? Thats because the producers of that film kept it out entirelyeven in a story that travels from the US fashion world to Paris, two of the most tobacco-happy places on earth. “No one smoked in that movie,“ says Doran, “and no one noticed.“Su

45、ch movies are hardly the rule, but the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may conclude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter.（分数：10.00）(1).Why the author mentioned Now, Voyager?（分数：2.00）A.Smoke on screen can make romance.B.To show American screen was full

46、 of cigarette smoke.C.To explain why cigarettes are easier to get than past.D.The romantic Hollywood movie is a typical example of smoky screen.(2).Whats the authors purpose of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.To show audiences are easy to be influenced by smoky movies.B.To show 10-year-old kids are

47、the most dangerous group to pick up the habit by screen smoking.C.To show smoking cinematic version give the worst influence to nonsmoking homes kids.D.To show why should we prevent cigarettes on screen.(3).Its hard to get cigarettes out of Hollywood because（分数：2.00）A.Harvard believed that it is not

48、 easy to get cigarettes out of movies.B.directors are reluctant to do so.C.Hollywood needs smoke incident to attract audiences.D.the relation between cigarette makers and Hollywood is complex.(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Most films provide a glimps

49、e of a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood.B.Ferris Bueller didnt smoke in the 1980s hit.C.Doran will let Emma Thompson smoke continuously next films.D.No one noticed the tobacco in The Devil Wears Prada.(5).Whats the authors attitude toward getting cigarettes out of screen?（分数：2.00）A.Inevitable.B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Skeptical.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Germanys chimney sweepshallowed as bringers of good luck, with their black top hats and coiled-wire brushes are under attack. Last week the European Commissions directorate for