【考研类试卷】考研英语-758及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】考研英语-758及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】考研英语-758及答案解析.doc（28页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、考研英语-758 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The pursuit of information has been a human preoccupation since knowledge was first recorded. In the 3rd century BC Ptolemy stole every (1) scroll from passing travellers to (2) his great library in Alexandria. After 2001 Americ

2、a (3) a program to compile as many data as possible about just about everything. Since 1996 Brewster Kahle has been (4) all the content on the web as a not-for-profit (5) called the “Internet Archive“. It has (6) expanded to software, films, audio recordings and scanning books.There has always been

3、more information than people can mentally process. The disparity between the amount of information and mans ability to deal with it may be (7) , but that need not be a cause for (8) Our sensory and attentional systems are tuned to be (9) People find patterns to compress information and make it manag

4、eable. (10) Commander Schmorrow does not think that man will be (11) by robots. “The flexibility of the human to consider as-yet-unforeseen (12) during critical decision-making, go (13) the gut when problem-solving under uncertainty and other such (14) reasoning behaviours will not be readily replac

5、ed by a computer,“ he says.The (15) of data now available is a resource, similar to other resources and even to technology itself. (16) , resources and technologies are neither good nor bad; it depends on how they are (17) . In the age of big data, computers will be monitoring more things, making mo

6、re decisions and even (18) improving their own processes-and man will be left with the same (19) he has always faced. (20) T.S. Eliot asked: “Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?/（分数：10.00）A.availableB.importantC.faithfulD.attentiveA.erup

7、tB.harvestC.stockD.selectA.launchedB.carriedC.imaginedD.rebuiltA.completingB.recordingC.designingD.overflowingA.investmentB.ventureC.planD.determinationA.whereasB.everC.notD.sinceA.wideningB.diminishingC.shorteningD.appearingA.misfortuneB.alarmC.opportunityD.focusA.almightyB.intactC.selectiveD.total

8、A.EvenB.LikewiseC.MeanwhileD.OnlyA.replacedB.integratedC.assistedD.supportedA.demandsB.consequencesC.circumstancesD.originsA.inB.withC.toD.afterA.concreteB.abstractC.abnormalD.conditionalA.feasibilityB.importanceC.abundanceD.depthA.Despite themselvesB.On their ownC.For exampleD.At the same timeA.rec

9、eivedB.strengthenedC.obtainedD.usedA.automaticallyB.inactivelyC.silentlyD.spontaneouslyA.fortuneB.challengesC.fearD.enemiesA.AsB.WhileC.SoD.Or二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dont look now, but theyre all around you. Theyre standing by the copy machin

10、e, hovering by the printer, answering the phone. Yes, theyre the overworked, underappreciated interns: young, eager and not always paid. And with just 20% of the graduating class of 2009 gainfully employed, according to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, there are more and more of t

11、hem each day. It seems the importance of internships for securing full-time work has dramatically increased over the years.Intern, previously used in the medical profession to define a person with a degree but without a license to practice, became a term for a physician in training following World W

12、ar I, when medical school was no longer seen as preparation enough for practice. Later, the word migrated to politics as an alternative to the term apprentice as a reference to those interested in learning about careers in government. Meanwhile, co-op programs, in which students would work at a comp

13、any for an extended period during college, emerged. From 1970 to 1983, the number of colleges and universities offering the programs increased from 200 to 1,000. Sure, it took an extra year to earn a B.A., but for three months each school year, students worked for companies they were interested in,

14、tried out careers they werent sure about and earned money to help cover tuition.Internship programs have produced several successes: Bill Gates was once a congressional page, and Oprah Winfrey worked at a CBS affiliate during her college years, just to name a few. Of course, Monica Lewinsky was a 22

15、-year-old White House intern when she engaged in an intimate relationship with President Clinton, a scandal that still taints both offices.Todays interns are not limited to summer jobs at their local businesses. Some programs provide dorm housing in cities like New York and Washington, allowing stud

16、ents from around the country to work for the nations biggest companies. Many popular cities even have Facebook groups devoted to providing social outings and networking opportunities for the thousands of interns who descend each summer.Though internships were formerly touted as an opportunity for st

17、udents to explore career options, doing so now comes with a price. Some experts argue that internships punish those who might decide later than age 18 what they want to do with their life. More important, they can favor wealthier students, who can afford to not make any money during the summer, over

18、 the less privileged. Still, with pressure increasing on students to find work, the clamor for internships is only growing. To land that first job, career advisers now say, applicants should have two or more internships under their belt. Anyone who takes a summer to simply explore might be too late.

19、（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that interns（分数：2.00）A.are assigned the least important jobs.B.are almost everywhere on the planet.C.belong to the 20% of the graduating classD.are more probably to get a full-time offer.(2).According to Paragraph 2, the word “intern“（分数：2.00）A.is no l

20、onger used in medical profession.B.has a long ancient history.C.is more widely used now.D.has substituted the word apprentic(3).The case of Monica Lewinsky is cited in Paragraph 3 to show that（分数：2.00）A.Lewinsky is a successful intern model for others to learn from.B.interns can be influential, thou

21、gh may not in a positive way.C.working in governments is more complicated than in CBS.D.interns should watch out for their behaviors, avoiding scandals.(4).Which of the following is true of the summer jobs?（分数：2.00）A.Summer jobs are necessary try-outs for future careers.B.Interns have to pay for the

22、 summer lodging themselves.C.Facebook groups are very helpful in terms of organizing outings.D.Bigger companies like wealthier students.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Talent Market: Past and PresentB.Internship: A Must for Promising CareersC.Exploration fo

23、r Job Options-Summer JobsD.How to Secure A Full-time Job五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)During uncertain times, people tend to look back and wonder, How did it get to this? They feel more keenly their missed opportunities and failures in judgment. Regret-the sense that things could have turned out better if

24、 only a different choice had been made-becomes pervasive.However, regret neednt be a garment rending, self-whipping emotion. Instead, it can be something to value and use. According to a recent study by Colleen Saffrey at the University of Victoria in Canada and colleagues at the University of Illin

25、ois, most people hold regret in high regard. Of all the negative emotions, regret was identified as the most valued in that it helped people make sense of life events and remedy what went wrong.Regret is hardwired into human biology, underscoring its importance in behavior. Advances in neuro-imaging

26、 show that when a person experiences regret, a part of the brain involved in both reasoning and emotion be- comes active. Neuroscience also tells us that learning probably works best when there is an intense emotional component to it, so it could be that regret bolsters our ability to learn from exp

27、erience.Suggestions listed below may help you manage this emotion and turn it into a tool for growth. Beware of hindsight bias. What you should have done always seems clearer in retrospect than it was at the time. As the Danish philosopher Sren Kierkegaard put it, “Life can only be understood backwa

28、rds, but it must be lived forwards.“ He might have said, “So dont be so hard on yourself.“Use regrets to improve decision making and clarify values. Instead of thinking over what might have been, let what happened point the way. The regret might help you prioritize your investments in relationships,

29、 service to the community, health, and time, as well as help you set reasonable financial goals.Balance regret and risk. Instead of choosing a less risky option that you are least likely to regret, choose the one that will maximize your chance of reaching realistic goals. In fact, past experiences o

30、f regret may have given you a better appreciation of risk, which is a sign of growth.Dont worry alone, especially if you are drowning in regret, ff misery loves company, its because perspective helps. Its good to know youre not the only “idiot“ in the neighborhood. On some level, were all idiots. Th

31、ey most successful people are those who have been resolute in the face of failure. If your thoughts turn mor- bid, get professional help so you can go back to striving toward your personal and career goals.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, regret（分数：2.00）A.can be avoided if we mak

32、e a different choice.B.occurs when we look back and wonder.C.is the most pervasive negative emotion.D.can help people learn and improve lif(2).Colleen Safffey would most probably agree that（分数：2.00）A.people should learn to avoid regret.B.regret is no longer a negative emotion.C.though negative, regr

33、et is of value to people.D.regret can help people find the problems.(3).The word “underscoring“ (Line 1, Par（分数：2.00）A.3) is closest in meaning toA. undermining.B. decreasing.C. emphasizing.D. devaluin(4).The philosopher Sren Kierkegaard is quoted to（分数：2.00）A.show his philosophical ideas about life

34、 and regret.B.give people suggestion on management of regret.C.tell people not to be too hard on themselves in life.D.explain why people should beware of hindsight bias.(5).Regret can be valued and used to（分数：2.00）A.help people to choose a less risky option.B.help you make better decisions.C.help yo

35、u prioritize your relationships.D.help people to achieve their personal and career goals.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like the flu, a persons emotional state can be contagious. Watch someone cry, and youll likely feel sad; think about the elderly, and youll tend to wall slower. Now a study suggests that

36、we can also catch someone elses irrational thought processes.Anyone whos lost money on a house in need of repair may have succumbed to a classic economic fallacy known as “sunk costs.“ You make a bad investment in a home thats never going to sell for more than you put in to it, yet you want to justi

37、fy your investment by continuing to throw money into renovations. One way to avoid this hole is to get advice from someone who has no self-interest in the project. But is the outsider still somehow susceptible to your mindset?To find out, social psychologist Adam Galinsky of Northwestern University

38、and colleagues asked college students to take over decision-making for a person they had never met-and who they didnt know was fake. The volunteers were split into two groups: one that felt some connection with the decision-maker and another that didnt.In one experiment, the volunteers watched the f

39、ollowing scenario play out via text on a computer screen: the fake decision-maker tried to outbid another person for a prize of 356 points, which equaled $4.45 in real money. The decision-maker started out with 360 points, and every time the other bidder raised the stakes by 40 points, the decision-

40、maker followed suit. Volunteers were told that once the decision-maker bid over 356 points, he or she would begin to lose some of the $12 payment for participating in the study.When the decision-maker neared this threshold, the volunteers were asked to take over bidding. Objectively, the volunteers

41、should have realized that-like the person who makes a bad investment in a house-the decisionmaker would keep throwing good money after bad. But the volunteers who felt identification with the fake player made almost 60% more bids and were more likely to lose money than those who didnt feel a connect

42、ion.Galinsky believes that the results suggest that companies trying to reverse results of bad decisions should find true outsiders. He points to troubled automaker Ford as an example. Instead of hiring from within-as General Motors (GM) recently did-Ford made Alan Mulally from Boeing, an aerospace

43、company, their chief execu- tive officer. Many experts believe that Ford is now recovering quicker than GM. “Its true that insiders have more knowledge,“ Galinsky says. “But when you are already down the road of a failed course of action, you really need, a true outsider./（分数：10.00）(1).According to

44、a study, another persons irrational mindset is characterized as（分数：2.00）A.emotional.B.infectious.C.justifiable.D.susceptibl(2).Its indicated in Paragraph 2 that a person who has made a bad investment is prone to（分数：2.00）A.calculate the costs and profits before making a further step.B.persuade others

45、 to believe that he has made a wise decision.C.persist in putting more money into the project.D.consult with some investment experts for advic(3).Which of the following statement is true of the experiment conducted by Galinsky?（分数：2.00）A.The participating students turn out susceptible to the mindset

46、 of the decision-maker.B.The students were supposed to outbid another person for a prize of 356 points.C.The volunteers each were paid 12 dollars for participating in the experiment.D.The volunteers actually lost all their payment because they made worse investment.(4).Galinskys experiment has found

47、 that（分数：2.00）A.there is no true outsider because they may catch irrational thought processes.B.most investors generally tend to throw good money after bad investment.C.people will become irrational after they have lost money in investment.D.some outsiders may still catch the irrational mindset of t

48、he decision-makers.(5).In the last paragraph, Galinsky suggests that（分数：2.00）A.a company should seek help from outsider to reverse the downfall.B.Ford out-performed General Motors in times of trouble.C.outsiders are better decision-makers than insiders to get a recovery.D.a company should use a true

49、 outsider to avoid sunk costs.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Europe has long prided itself on the notion that, even if its cousin across the At- lantic had surpassed it in matters geopolitical and military, its cultural cachet remained unrivaled. Europe was the capital of great literature, haute couture, the nouvelle vague. American culture may have spread to even the most remote reaches of the globe, but it was lowbrow. Superman and Hollywood blockbusters versus Picasso and Cannes.But, as it turns out, America is actually winning the culture race for global