【考研类试卷】考研英语-71及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-71 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Valentines Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Luperealia.U (1) /Uthe fierce wolves roamed nearb

2、y, the old Romans calledU (2) /Uthe god Lupereus to help them. A festival in hisU (3) /Uwas held February 15th. On the eve of the festival theU (4) /Uof the girls were written onU (5) /Upaper and placed in jars. Each young manU (6) /Ua slip. The girl whose name wasU (7) /Uwas to be his sweetheart fo

3、r the year.LegendU (8) /Uit that the holiday became Valentines DayU (9) /Ua roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius IIU (10) /Uthe Roman soldiers not to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers wouldU (11) /Ustay home than fight. When ValentineU (12) /Uthe Emperor and secretly

4、married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, theU (13) /Uof Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became aU (14) /U. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th-Valentines Day. Now the holiday honors ValentineU (15) /Uof Lupercus.Valentines Day has become a maj

5、orU (16) /Uof love and romance in the modem world. The ancient god Cupid and hisU (17) /Uinto a lovers heart may still be used toU (18) /Ufalling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers Or jewelry, to do this.U (19) /Uto give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valen

6、tines Day can sometimes be asU (20) /Uas forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.（分数：10.00）A.WhileB.whenC.ThoughD.UnlessA.uponB.backC.offD.awayA.honorB.beliefC.handD.wayA.problemsB.secretsC.namesD.intentionsA.rollsB.pilesC.worksD.slipsA.castB.caughtC.drewD.foundA.givenB.chosenC.electedD.deliv

7、eredA.tellsB.meansC.makesD.hasA.afterB.sinceC.asD.fromA.orderedB.pleadedC.envisionedD.believedA.otherB.simplyC.ratherD.allA.dislikedB.defiedC.defeatedD.dishonoredA.celebrationB.arrangementC.feastD.eveA.goatB.saintC.modelD.weaponA.becauseB.madeC.insteadD.learntA.partB.representativeC.judgmentD.symbol

8、A.storyB.wanderC.arrowD.playA.portrayB.requireC.demandD.alertA.KeepingB.DisapprovingC.SupportingD.ForgettingA.constructiveB.damagingC.reinforcingD.retorting二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C o

9、r D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BThe author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer-a fact which can easily obscure his very real

10、distinction in some of the areas into which he bas ventured. His co editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1950 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is pr

11、obably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.Since 1936 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock“, Lindsay bas maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint-and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but cert

12、ainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a form that bas a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument“ (New Masses, January 1937), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the p

13、ast: particularly in his trilogy in English novels-1949 (dealing with the Digger and Leveller movements), Lost Birthright (the Wilkesite agitations), and Men of Forth-Eight (written in 1939, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in the

14、first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsays words, for the “true completion of the national destiny.“ Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1930s, Lindsay h

15、imself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Francos soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war, Lindsay continued to write mainly about the

16、 present-trying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as The British Way, and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1953, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to more a

17、nd more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-banded didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementary political consciousness to

18、 his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: “Everything must be different, I cant live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?“ To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesnt give

19、 him any explicit answer.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as（分数：2.00）A.inventive.B.productiveC.reflective.D.inductive.(2).The impact of Jack Lindsays ideological attitudes on his literary success was（分数：2.00）A.utterly negative.B.obviously p

20、ositive.C.limited but indivisible.D.obscure in net effect.(3).According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in（分数：2.00）A.the gloomy destiny of his own country.B.the function of literature as a weapon.C.his responsibility as an English manD.his extraordinary position in literature.(

21、4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war.B.Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England.C.Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs.D.the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors.(5).According to t

22、he text, the speech at the end of the text（分数：2.00）A.demonstrates the authors own view of life.B.shows the popular comments on Jack Lindsay.C.offer the authors opinion on Jack Lindsay.D.indicates Jack Lindsays change of attitude.BText 2/BIn studying both the recurrence of special habits or ideas in

23、several districts, and their prevalence within each district, there come before us ever-repeated proofs of regular causation producing the phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusion conditions of society, at definite stages of culture. But, while giving full importance to the

24、evidence bearing on these standard conditions of society, let us be careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary student. Of course the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are to a great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom. But to a great exte

25、nt it is not so. That many numerous societies of men should have believed in the influence of the evil eye and the existence of a firmament, should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed, should have handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and men turning into beast

26、-all this is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produced in mens minds by efficient causes, but it is not ground for holding that the rites in question are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the history authentic. This may seem at the first glance a truism, but, in fact, it is the denial

27、 of a fallacy which deeply affects the minds of all but a small critical minority of mankind. Popularly, what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right-“Quod ubique, quod semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est, hoc est vere proprieque Catholicum -and m forth. There are various top

28、ics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology, where even the educated people we live among can hardly be brought to see that the cause why men do hold an opinion, or practise a custom, is by no means necessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections of ethnographic evidence

29、bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudes of men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable to be thus improperly used in direct defense of these institutions themselves, even old barbaric nations being polled to maintain their opinions against w

30、hat are called modern ideas. As it has more than once happened to myself to find my collections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objective truth, without proper examination of the grounds on which they were actually received, I take this occasion of remarking that the same li

31、ne of argument will serve equally well to demonstrate, by the strong and wide consent of nations, that the earth is flat, and nightmare the visit of a demon.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of the text is one of（分数：2.00）A.skepticism.B.approval.C.ind

32、ifference.D.disgust.(2).By “But to a great extent it is not so“ (Lines 6-7) the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.most people are just followers of new ideas.B.even sound minds may commit silly errors.C.the popularly supported may be erroneous.D.nobody is immune to the influence of errors.(3).Which of t

33、he following is closest in meaning to the statement “There are various, to do so“ (Lines 14- 17)?（分数：2.00）A.Principles like history and philosophy are hard to deal with.B.People like to see what other people do for their own model.C.The educated are more susceptible to errors in their daily life.D.T

34、hat everyone does the same may not prove they are all right.(4).Which of the following would the author probably suggest?（分数：2.00）A.Support not the most supported,B.Deny everything others believe.C.Throw all tradition into trashcan.D.Keep your eyes open all the time.(5).The author develops his writi

35、ng mainly by means of（分数：2.00）A.reasoning.B.examples.C.comparisons.D.quotations.BText 3/BThe provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunge

36、r-the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economies from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do

37、our dirty work for us.I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labor resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I i

38、dentified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissea-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “fre

39、e“ labour deserves respect But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom, Much depends o

40、n the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissea-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if th

41、e worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily used but rathe

42、r as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole eco

43、nomy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “sanction“ (Para. 1) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.corrective measures.B.encour

44、aging methods.C.preventive efforts.D.revolutionary actions.(2).Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People used to be forced to work under whips.B.The author dislikes the function of politics in economy.C.Incentives are always less available than regulations.D.People h

45、ave an instinct of working less and getting more.(3).The authors attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of（分数：2.00）A.reluctant acceptance.B.sheer pessimism.C.mild optimism.D.extreme hopefulness.(4).The author of the text seems to oppose the idea of

46、（分数：2.00）A.free market.B.military controlC.strict regulations.D.unrestrained labors.(5).The last sentence of the text indicates the authors（分数：2.00）A.hatred.B.affection.C.stubbornness.D.rejection.BText 4/BOver the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlar

47、gements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a

48、desire to look normal. “What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“In America, the debate is no longer about whether surger

49、y is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says. “By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to