【考研类试卷】考研英语-503及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-503 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Human beings are ani(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufacture2.（分数：0.50）A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.culture3.（分数：0.50）A.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless4.（分数：0.50）A.processesB.actsC.

2、modesD.procedures5.（分数：0.50）A.meaningB.judgmentC.perspectiveD.sense6.（分数：0.50）A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered7.（分数：0.50）A.artificialB.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic8.（分数：0.50）A.add upB.break upC.make upD.cut up9.（分数：0.50）A.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed10.（分数：0.50）A.thisB.thusC.henceD.that11.（分数：0

3、.50）A.connectionsB.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses12.（分数：0.50）A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcely13.（分数：0.50）A.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentive14.（分数：0.50）A.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creature15.（分数：0.50）A.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empire16.（分数：0.50）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By17.（分数：0.50）A.abi

4、litiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibilities18.（分数：0.50）A.forB.toC.withD.by19.（分数：0.50）A.betB.chanceC.factD.lack20.（分数：0.50）A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.ExceptD.In spite of三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The theory that ocean basins were cause

5、d by meteoroid impact_.（分数：2.00）A.has fallen into wide dispute ever since it was proposedB.fails to explain how continents were originated and have changedC.was discarded as unacceptable immediately after it was proposedD.rightly explains the formation of most of the ocean basins22.Sialic material r

6、efers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the broken ,rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earthB.material that exists on planets other than the earthC.a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earthD.material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological h

7、istory23.The writer does not believe that_.（分数：2.00）A.an asteroid is larger than a meteoriteB.material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributedC.the earth, at one time, had cratersD.oceans were formerly craters24.The passage is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.the origin of

8、 continentsB.the relationship between astral phenomena and the moonC.differences of opinion among authoritative geologistsD.the relationship between asteroids and meteorites25.A mare basin is_.（分数：2.00）A.a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of cratersB.a valley that

9、 is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earthC.a planetoid(small planet)created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a Part of the moonD.a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.In asserting that the organic m

10、odel might be “more serviceable to the restoratioulsts“ (Para. 3), the author implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the descriptions by Turner and Jordan of the restorationists program conform more closely to the organic model than to the community-participation modelB.the organic model is more consistent than t

11、he community-participation model with the principle of restorationC.the organic model is more consistent with the restorationists agenda than with the preservationists programD.holistic models are more useful to the restorationists than is the dualist model27.The author would probably agree that pre

12、servationists_.（分数：2.00）A.are not critical engugh of those who have robbed the natural worldB.base their ideas on an unhealthy dualismC.have the same basic mind-set as the industrial mainstreamD.have been unfairly criticized by restorationists28.Which of the following best expresses the function of

13、the first paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?（分数：2.00）A.To establish the parameters of a following debate about mans role in nature.B.To identify problem areas within a school of thought, which are then explored in greater detail.C.To discuss secondary issues as an introduction to a mor

14、e detailed examination of a primary issue.D.To provide a historical background for a discussion of modern-day issues of public concern.29.The authors primary criticism of the restorationists is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they assign to humans a controlling role in the wordB.they reject the most workable model

15、 for both humans and natureC.their critique of preservationism is not well supportedD.their program does not coincide with their principles30.The restorationists and dominationists differ with respect to all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.their conception of the role that humans play in the wor

16、ldB.their level of awareness regarding the environmental consequences of human activityC.their view as to what kind of restrictions on human manipulation of nature are reasonableD.their degree of awareness of the disastrous effect of human activities on nature七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.What in the w

17、riters opinion, happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?（分数：2.00）A.He gains recognition for his achievements.B.He attracts large numbers of students.C.He risks his ideas being stolen.D.He is considered slightly mad.32.In the writers opinion, interdisciplinary studies are import

18、ant because they_.（分数：2.00）A.encourage scholars to concentrate on their own specialisationsB.allow scholars to Change disciplines more easilyC.make scholars aware of problems outside their own fieldD.allow overworked scholars to relax33.Developments in international co-operation are often, it is sug

19、gested, the result of（分数：2.00）A.articles in learned journalsB.programmes initiated by governmentsC.friendships formed by scholars at meetingsD.the work of international agencies34.The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to_.（分数：2.00）A.cut down re

20、search costsB.keep up with current developmentsC.spend less time travelingD.develop their ideas more quickly35.The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_.（分数：2.00）A.their fellow experts are scattered around the WorldB.their laboratories are in remote placesC

21、.there are so many people working in similar fieldsD.textbooks have wide circulation八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.The recovery of demand for microchips is_.（分数：2.00）A.contrary to expectationsB.far from certainC.not so quick as expectedD.at a record-breaking speed37.The decline of PC market last year wa

22、s triggered by_.（分数：2.00）A.the collapse of chip marketB.the bursting of IT bubbleC.the 9. 11 terrorist attacksD.the barely recovered loss market38.According to the passage, a rebound in chip sales depends on_.（分数：2.00）A.an increase in productionB.an upturn in computer salesC.the development of new P

23、CsD.the ability to replace outdated equipment39.Dan Niles thinks that the PC market_.（分数：2.00）A.has an uncertain prospectB.is going to recover soonC.is to improve everywhere in the yearD.remains tough until the end of the year40.The author mentioned Intel in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.explain the recovery

24、 in demand for chips still takes time.B.show the chip market is not so gloomy as some economists predicted.C.illustrate Intel is the only chipmaker not affected by the tough market.D.tell Intel s sales rise is mainly attributable to its monopoly of the market.九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、(41) What is a

25、food (总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、A market is commonly(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.0

26、0)51.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52.3. 我的观点。（分数：20.00）_考研英语-503 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、H

27、uman beings are ani(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulate D.manufacture解析：精析 词义辨析 maneuver“调遣、用计策”；manage“处理、管理”；manipulate“手工操纵”；manufacture“机器制造”。2.（分数：0.50）A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.culture 解析：精析 内容理解 前文曾多次提到，如第四段第一句：“We have used this physical equipment to create cu

28、lture”第四段最后一句：“With culture，we can overcome our natural limitations”由此判定 D为最佳选项。3.（分数：0.50）A.infinite B.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless解析：精析 词义辨析“infinite”无穷的、无法计量的“为最佳选项。unknown“不知道的”；boundless“疆域无边界的”；ceaseless“持续不断的”，常与名词 efforts连用。4.（分数：0.50）A.processes B.actsC.modesD.procedures解析：精析 固定搭配 life pro

29、cess 意为“生命历程”；acts“行为，举动”；mode 指“方式、方法”；procedure 指“程序，手续，常规”，故正确答案为 A。5.（分数：0.50）A.meaningB.judgmentC.perspectiveD.sense 解析：精析 固定搭配 insense 为固定用法，意思是“从某种意义上说”。例如：in the literal/strict sense就字面精确的意义而言。6.（分数：0.50）A.filled B.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered解析：精析 动词辨析 fill“注满，用装满”；load“装载、大量供给”；stuff“塞入、塞满”；

30、scatter“分散、散开”。fill the earth 指“遍布全球”，强调分布范围广。7.（分数：0.50）A.artificial B.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic解析：精析 近义词辨析 artificial“人工的、非天然的、虚伪的”；fake“假的、伪造的”；unreal“不真实的”；unauthentic“无根据的、不确实的”。8.（分数：0.50）A.add upB.break upC.make up D.cut up解析：精析 固定搭配 make up deficits 意为“弥补不足”；add up to“总计达、等于说”；break up“拆散、结束

31、”，cut up“切碎、使伤心难过”。9.（分数：0.50）A.Stripped B.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed解析：精析 动词辨析 strip“脱去、剥去”；pare“削去、修剪，(逐步)削除”；peel“去(皮或壳等)”；remove“移动”。10.（分数：0.50）A.thisB.thus C.henceD.that解析：精析 词义辨析 thus 在这里作副词,“意思是“这样的情形”，相当于 so。11.（分数：0.50）A.connections B.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses解析：精析 内容理解 根据上下文。neutral con

32、nections 指“神经细胞的联结，联系”。relation 指“具体关系”，如：family relations 家庭关系；activities“活动”；access“通道进入”显然不符合题意，所以正确答案为 A。12.（分数：0.50）A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearly D.scarcely解析：精析 副词辨析 nearly 表示“几乎、将近”；barely，scarcely，hardly 表示“简直没有、几乎不”为否定的概念，因此只有 nearly符合题意。13.（分数：0.50）A.intelligentB.impressive C.influentialD.incen

33、tive解析：精析 词义辨析 这句话的意思是“当人类处于赤裸状态时，看起来并不比别的动物优越多少，给人的印象并不深刻”。intelligent“聪明的、有智力的”；influential“有影响力的”；incentive“刺激的、诱发的”，均不符合题意，而 impressive“给人留下深刻印象的”符合题意。14.（分数：0.50）A.animal B.animalsC.creaturesD.creature解析：精析 any other 后应接可数名词的单数。，如：He is taller than any other boy而人类也是一种动物，故 A为最佳选项。15.（分数：0.50）A.

34、residenceB.colony C.homeD.empire解析：精析 内容理解 从下文中可找到提示：“Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food.”据此判定 B为最佳选项。16.（分数：0.50）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By 解析：精析 固定搭配 By itself 为固定用法，意思是“单独地、独自地”。17.（分数：0.50）A.abilitiesB.potentials C.capabilitiesD.possibilities解析：确析 内容理解 这句话的意思是“虽然我们的肉体有很多局

35、限性，但它也有一些重要的潜力”。ability“能力”，capability“能力、才能”，possibility“可能性、概率”均不合题意。18.（分数：0.50）A.forB.toC.with D.by解析：精析 固定搭配 supply 通常用作“supply sbwith，supply sthfor sb”表达法中此处指“借助于给人体提供热量”。19.（分数：0.50）A.bet B.chanceC.factD.lack解析：精析 词义辨析 bet 意思是“打赌”，暗指不确定的事物。这句话的意思是“如果仅从肉体的意义上看，人类很难生存下来”，因此 A最符合题意。20.（分数：0.50）A

36、.Apart fromB.With regard toC.ExceptD.In spite of 解析：精析 内容理解 apart from，except 的意思是“除之外”；with regard to“关于”；in spite of“尽管”。根据题意，应选择表示让步关系的 in spite of。三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The theory that ocean basins were caused by meteoroid impact_.（分

37、数：2.00）A.has fallen into wide dispute ever since it was proposedB.fails to explain how continents were originated and have changed C.was discarded as unacceptable immediately after it was proposedD.rightly explains the formation of most of the ocean basins解析：精析 细节分析 在文章的第四段提到 Gilvarry 的理论，他认为，宇宙尘的碰撞

38、(meteoroid impact)是海洋盆地的成因。作者指出，这个理论模式的主要问题是：多数海洋盆地的结枯形态(morphology)与所说的碰撞不一致，而且，它也没有对大陆(板块)的形成和演化过程做出充分解释。22.Sialic material refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the broken ,rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earthB.material that exists on planets other than the earthC.a composite of rock t

39、ypical of continental areas of the earth D.material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological history解析：精析 细节理解 在文章的第三段第三句：“举例说，Donn et al提出大陆区域那般大的、硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想。”说明地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成。而其他三项文章并没有提及。23.The writer does not believe that_.（分数：2.00）A.an asteroid is larg

40、er than a meteoriteB.material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributedC.the earth, at one time, had cratersD.oceans were formerly craters 解析：精析 细节分析 在文章的倒数第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成。这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符。”而其他三项明显不对，谈不上相信不相信。24.The passage is primarily concerned wit

41、h_.（分数：2.00）A.the origin of continents B.the relationship between astral phenomena and the moonC.differences of opinion among authoritative geologistsD.the relationship between asteroids and meteorites解析：精析 细节理解 在文章一开始就点明“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对：这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生

42、成中可能起的作用。25.A mare basin is_.（分数：2.00）A.a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of cratersB.a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earthC.a planetoid(small planet)created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a Par

43、t of the moonD.a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain 解析：精析 细节分析 mare basin 海盆地，词义本身说明 D正确，另一方面，第二段开始提及“鲍尔温所列出的月球上最大的陨石坑直径为 285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地结构的假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有 650公里大。”这里都说 mare basin 指的是月球上陨石坑。六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.In asserting that the organic model mig

44、ht be “more serviceable to the restoratioulsts“ (Para. 3), the author implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the descriptions by Turner and Jordan of the restorationists program conform more closely to the organic model than to the community-participation model B.the organic model is more consistent than the comm

45、unity-participation model with the principle of restorationC.the organic model is more consistent with the restorationists agenda than with the preservationists programD.holistic models are more useful to the restorationists than is the dualist model解析：精析 细节理解 见第二、三段。修复主义理论反对过去将人类置手自然之上的统治性模型，而支持一种共

46、同参与的模型；而 Jordan 和 Turner 对于修复主义者正在从事的工作所进行的描述，并不很符合这种共同参与的模型；如 Turner将人类描述成“万物的主宰”，而 Jordan认为，“生物圈的命运和生存最终依靠我们和我们同它的关系”；这显然与生物界共同参与的模式不一致，但与第三段中：” 相对于共同参与模型，这种“有机”模型也将自然描述成各部分彼此相关的一个系统；如果我们将自然界想象为一个单一的活体，人类可以通过大脑(或脱氧核糖核酸)或控制中心进行识别，我们也许会得出一个更符合修复主义观点的模型的意思更为接近。所以选项 A应为正确答案。27.The author would probably agree that preservationists_.（分数：2.00）A.are not critical engugh of those who have robbed the natural worldB.base their ideas on an unhealthy dualismC.have the same basic mind-set as the industrial mainstreamD.have been unfairly criticized by restorationist