【考研类试卷】考研英语-495及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-495 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Recent legal researc(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.withB.inC.atD.on2.（分数：0.50）A.otherB.ratherC.moreD.less3.（分数：0.50）A.atB.inC.onD.upon4.（分数：0.50）A.associateB.connectC.linkD.integrate5.（分数：0.50）A.fadeB.diminishC.lessenD.dwell6.（分

2、数：0.50）A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.until7.（分数：0.50）A.appropriacyB.accuracyC.originalityD.justice8.（分数：0.50）A.invariablyB.constantlyC.justifiablyD.verifiably9.（分数：0.50）A.interactivelyB.comparativelyC.horizontallyD.individually10.（分数：0.50）A.descendsB.declinesC.inclinesD.degrades11.（分数：0.50）A.assessB.apprec

3、iateC.calculateD.speculate12.（分数：0.50）A.subject toB.liable forC.incapable ofD.attributable to13.（分数：0.50）A.perceptionsB.acceptancesC.permissionsD.receptions14.（分数：0.50）A.alteredB.transformedC.convertedD.modified15.（分数：0.50）A.distortionsB.deformationsC.malfunctionsD.malformations16.（分数：0.50）A.rateB.d

4、egreeC.extentD.scale17.（分数：0.50）A.consequentB.successiveC.subsequentD.preceding18.（分数：0.50）A.misinformationB.mistreatmentC.misguidanceD.misjudgement19.（分数：0.50）A.trustfulB.reliableC.innocentD.considerable20.（分数：0.50）A.ManifestationB.DeclarationC.PresentationD.Testimony三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0

5、.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to（分数：2.00）A.cut down research costs.B.keep up with current developments.C.spend less time travelling.D.develop their ideas more quickly.22.According to

6、 the text, scholars and students are great travelers because（分数：2.00）A.salaries and conditions are better abroad.B.standards are higher at foreign universities.C.they are eager for new knowledge.D.their governments encourage them to travel.23.Developments in international cooperation are often, it i

7、s suggested, the result of（分数：2.00）A.articles in learned journals.B.programmes initiated by governments.C.friendships formed by scholars at meetings.D.the work of international agencies.24.What, in the writers opinion, happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?（分数：2.00）A.He gains

8、 recognition for his achievements.B.He attracts large numbers of students.C.He risks his ideas being stolen.D.He is considered slightly mad.25.The writer thinks that academic work has recently become more specialized because（分数：2.00）A.more people are studying sciences.B.a greater variety of subjects

9、 is studied.C.more students are doing postgraduate work.D.the number of universities has increased.六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.What does the word education in the first paragraph most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Susceptibility to the environment.B.Advance in the scale of evolution.C.Complicated instinct

10、s of animals.D.Formative influence of the environment.27.Which of the following is TRUE about habits according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.They are natural endowments to living creatures.B.They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.C.They are more important than instincts to all anima

11、ls.D.They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.28.When a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably（分数：2.00）A.begin a completely net.B.destroy the half-made net.C.spin the rest of the net.D.stay aw

12、ay from the net.29.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Evolution of Insects.B.Environment and Heredity.C.Education: The Influence of the Environment.D.The Instincts of Animals.30.What can be inferred from the example of the antlion in the first paragraph?（分数

13、：2.00）A.Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions of animals in a strange situation.B.when it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.C.Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.D.Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less

14、 and environment more important.七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Which of the following does the “Labor market problems“ refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.The overall causes of po

15、verty.32.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?（分数：2.00）A.Innovative programmes using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greate

16、r than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phe

17、nomena that they purport to measure.33.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（分数：2.00）A.more people were unemployed in the 1930s.B.social programs are more needed now.C.unemployment now has less severe effects.D.there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicap

18、ped people among those in poverty.34.One factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-predict the amount of economic hardship is（分数：2.00）A.the recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers.B.the fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for l

19、ow wages.C.the establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics.D.the prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed.35.The authors purpose in citing “repeated 12-month unemployed ment“ is mos

20、t probably to show that（分数：2.00）A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force.B.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness.C.recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for in

21、dividual workers.D.a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship.八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.The tone of the whole text is（分数：2.00）A.neutral.B.optimistic.C.praising.D.critical.37.The Celts helped France to resist（分数：2.00）A.Anglo-Saxons.B.Caesar.C.Germanic.D.Irela

22、nd.38.The text is mainly about（分数：2.00）A.How the Celts language came.B.Why the Roman was driven out of Britain.C.The reason why Britain was ruled by AngloSaxons.D.How Anglo-Saxons fought with Romans.39.Which of the following statement is not true?（分数：2.00）A.The historical Stonehenge in Wiltshire was

23、 the most shining example of the Celts created civilization.B.The purposes of the ancient Britons to build the Stonehenge still unknown to modem historians.C.The Roman army, commanded by Julius Caesar, invaded England in the first century B. C.D.The Rome invaders drove the Celts to the mountains Sco

24、tland and Ireland.40.What is the meaning of “shire“ in Para 2?（分数：2.00）A.cityB.countryC.countyD.government九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Organize your family(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Maintaining

25、 classroo(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52. （分数：20.00）_考研英语-495 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)

26、一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Recent legal researc(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.with B.inC.atD.on解析：解析 词组：interfere with“影响、干扰、妨碍”；interfere in“干涉、干预”。其他搭配不合适。与 interfere近义的词较多，这里作一个归纳讲解：meddle指并无权利，也未受请求，而多管闲事：meddle in anothers businesstamper指未经许可乱动他人东西而造成不良后果：Dont tamper with the lockinter

27、fere指以行动或语言加以干涉、妨碍：interfere with the disputes of the neighbors2.（分数：0.50）A.other B.ratherC.moreD.less解析：解析 目击者经过融合各种信息后会产生与所经历的事情不同的东西，所以选 other than“与不同的”。其他选项不合逻辑或语法。B rather than 意为“不是而是”；Cmore than意为“比多”：Dless than 意为“比少”。3.（分数：0.50）A.at B.inC.onD.upon解析：解析 词组：at ones best“(健康、情绪、技能、竞技等)处于最好状态”

28、；in ones (Sunday) best“穿着节日的盛装”。其他搭配不存在。4.（分数：0.50）A.associateB.connectC.linkD.integrate 解析：解析 目击者在看到或读到一些信息后，会把它们融合起来，因此选 integrate“使成为一体、结合在一起”。Aassociate 意为“联想、联合”，常与 with连用；B connect 和Clink 都有“连接”的意思，A、B 和 C都没有“融合为一体”的意思，故排除。5.（分数：0.50）A.fade B.diminishC.lessenD.dwell解析：解析 原始的记忆会衰退，所以选 fade“衰退、衰

29、减”，如：His hopesmemories faded“他的希望破灭了/记忆衰退了”；Bdiminish 意为“缩小、减少”，如：the governments diminishing popularity“政府日益不得人心”；Clessen 意为“减少、减轻”；Ddwell 意为“居住”。与 fade近义的还有两个很重要的词汇 vanish与 disappear，这里讲讲它们的使用区别：vanish 指突然地、完全地、有时是神秘地消失不见或不再存在：The mark vanished overnightdisappear指突然地或逐渐地消失不见或不再存在：The ship disappea

30、red at lastfade 指徐徐地消失，最后完全看不见：His figure faded into the mist6.（分数：0.50）A.beforeB.after C.whenD.until解析：解析 根据文章“刚刚接受信息后的回忆和识别是最准确的，它先是迅速下降，然后逐渐减弱。”，其他选项不符合逻辑。7.（分数：0.50）A.appropriacyB.accuracy C.originalityD.justice解析：解析 “时间过去得越长，事件之后得到的信息越有可能与原来的记忆相冲突，这会降低信息的准确性”。accuracy 意为“准确性”，其他选项不合文意。A appropr

31、iacy 意为，“得体性、适合性”；Coriginality意为“独创性、新意、原始”；Djustice 意为“正义、公平”。8.（分数：0.50）A.invariablyB.constantlyC.justifiablyD.verifiably 解析：解析 verifiably“可证实地、可核实地”，其他选项不合文意。Ainvariably 意为“始终如一地”；Bconstantly 意为“不变地、不断地”；Cjustifiably 意为“可证明为正当地”。9.（分数：0.50）A.interactivelyB.comparativelyC.horizontallyD.individuall

32、y 解析：解析 人的记忆十分复杂，对任何人回忆的可靠性都必须独立地进行判断，所以选individually“单独地、个别地”。A interactively 意为“相互作用地”；B comparatively 意为“比较地”；C horizontally 意为“水平地”。10.（分数：0.50）A.descendsB.declines C.inclinesD.degrades解析：解析 人的记忆随着时间会变模糊，因此选 declines“衰落”，其他选项不合文意。A descends意为“下来、下降”；C inclines 意为“使倾斜、使倾向”；D degrades 意为“降级、退化”。11

33、.（分数：0.50）A.assess B.appreciateC.calculateD.speculate解析：解析 法官对目击者提供证据的可靠性进行评判，所以选 assess“评估、评判”，其他选项不合文意。B appreciate 意为“欣赏、感激”；Ccalculate 意为“计算”；Dspeculate 意为“推测、推断”。12.（分数：0.50）A.subject to B.liable forC.incapable ofD.attributable to解析：解析 subject to 意为“易遭的、受支配的”，如：Hes subject to illness“他容易生病。”B l

34、iable for 意为“对负责任”，如：be liable for his wifes debts“对他妻子的债负责任”；C incapable of 意为“没有能力做”；D attributable to 意为“能够归因于”。13.（分数：0.50）A.perceptions B.acceptancesC.permissionsD.receptions解析：解析 perceptions“看法、感觉”，其他选项不合文意。Bacceptances 意为“接受、认可”；C permissions意为“允许、同意”；Dreceptions 意为“接受、招待会”。14.（分数：0.50）A.alte

35、redB.transformedC.convertedD.modified 解析：解析 时间的推移会使原始记忆衰退，这时的记忆容易改变，modified 意为“轻微的改变、变更”；Aaltered 意为“较大的改变”；B transformed 意为“外形上较深刻的变化”； Cconverted 意为“转化成，指态度或信仰的变化”。A、B 和 C不合文意。15.（分数：0.50）A.distortions B.deformationsC.malfunctionsD.malformations解析：解析 “随后的报道会导致(人的记忆)扭曲”，distortions 即“扭曲”，其他选项不合文意。

36、 Bdeformations意为“外形的损坏、畸形”；C malfunctions 意为“机能失灵”；D malformations意为“变形、畸形”。16.（分数：0.50）A.rateB.degree C.extentD.scale解析：解析 the degree of faith“信任程度”，degree 指从低向高纵向的某程度、阶段，如：He can be trusted to a certain degree“在某种程度上可以信任他。”A rate 意为“比率、速率”，如：birth/death rate“出生/死亡率”；Cextent 意为“横向的延伸范围”，如：the exten

37、t of his knowledge“他的知识面”；Dscale 意为“刻度、比例尺”，如：a metric scale“一米的比例尺”。17.（分数：0.50）A.consequentB.successiveC.subsequent D.preceding解析：解析 访问和媒体报道是以后发生的，所以选 subsequent“后来的、随后的”，其他选项不合文意。Aconsequent 意为“作为结果的”；Bsuccessive 意为“连续的、接连的”；D preceding 意为“在前的、在先的”。18.（分数：0.50）A.misinformation B.mistreatmentC.mis

38、guidanceD.misjudgement解析：解析 有所改变的记忆变成了 misinformation，即“错误信息”，其他选项不合文意。Bmistreatment意为“虐待”；C misguidance 意为“误导”；Dmisjudgement 意为“错误判断”。19.（分数：0.50）A.trustfulB.reliable C.innocentD.considerable解析：解析 reliable“可靠的”，其他选项不合文意。A trustful 意为“轻信的、容易相信的”，通常指人；Cinnocent 意为“天真的、无罪的”；Dconsiderable 意为“相当多/大的”。在这

39、里补充讲一下几个由 consider为基础的派生词：considerable a(more；most)不比较不少小的，相当大多的：expense 相当大的费用值得考虑的；重要的：apersonage 要人，名士，显要/a issue 重要的总是。considerably ad不比较常修饰比较级相当地，颇：Itswarmer this morning今天早上暖和多了。considerate a(more；most)+介+(代)名/+of+(代)名+to-V/+to-V 为别人着想的，体贴的；考虑周到的：He is a kind andman他是个亲切体贴的人。20.（分数：0.50）A.Mani

40、festationB.DeclarationC.PresentationD.Testimony 解析：解析 Testimony 意为“证人在法庭上证词”，其他选项不合文意。A Manifestation 意为“正式的说明、声明”；BDeclaration 意为“公开的宣言”；CPresentation 意为“某场合做的讲话、发言”。三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The writer thinks that the growth of specialist

41、societies and periodicals has helped scholars to（分数：2.00）A.cut down research costs.B.keep up with current developments. C.spend less time travelling.D.develop their ideas more quickly.解析：解析 从末段 2句可推出B为正确答案。A削减研究费用。C花较少时间旅行。D更快地发展他们的思想，皆无。22.According to the text, scholars and students are great trav

42、elers because（分数：2.00）A.salaries and conditions are better abroad.B.standards are higher at foreign universities.C.they are eager for new knowledge. D.their governments encourage them to travel.解析：解析 从第 1段第 1句可推断答案为C。A国外工资和条件较优势。文中无，但多数同学会因想当然而错。B国外大学标准高。D他们的政府鼓励他们旅行。23.Developments in international

43、 cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of（分数：2.00）A.articles in learned journals.B.programmes initiated by governments.C.friendships formed by scholars at meetings. D.the work of international agencies.解析：解析 从未段末句可推出C为正确答案。A学术杂志论文。B政府发起的计划。D国际机构的工作，均不符文意。24.What, in the writers opinion,

44、 happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?（分数：2.00）A.He gains recognition for his achievements. B.He attracts large numbers of students.C.He risks his ideas being stolen.D.He is considered slightly mad.解析：解析 可由第 2段推出答案为A。B他吸引大量学生。C他冒着他的想法被剽窃的危险。D他被认为有点疯，文中皆无。25.The writer thinks

45、 that academic work has recently become more specialized because（分数：2.00）A.more people are studying sciences.B.a greater variety of subjects is studied. C.more students are doing postgraduate work.D.the number of universities has increased.解析：解析 从第 5段第 1句可推出B为正确答案。其他各项皆无。六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.W

46、hat does the word education in the first paragraph most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Susceptibility to the environment.B.Advance in the scale of evolution.C.Complicated instincts of animals.D.Formative influence of the environment. 解析：解析 可从首段一句对教育的定义看出，即外部环境对于生物习性变化的影响。A对环境的感受能力。B在进化阶梯上的前进。C动物的复杂的本能。27.Which of the following is TRUE about habits according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.They are natural endowments to living creatures.B.They are subject to the formative influence of the environm