【考研类试卷】考研英语-489及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-489 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choic

2、es during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (4) position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .Unfortunat

3、ely many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) .Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in whi

4、ch they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and th

5、e extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white collar“ job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of

6、 young people should give serious (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others a

7、re willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：10.00）A.identificationB.entertainmentC.accommodationD.occupationA.howeverB.thereforeC.thoughD.therebyA.entirelyB.mainlyC.partlyD.generallyA.itsB.hisC.ourD.theirA.sinceB.thereforeC.furtherm

8、oreD.foreverA.makeB.fitC.takeD.leaveA.jobB.wayC.meansD.companyA.toB.forC.withoutD.withA.littleB.fewC.muchD.a lotA.chanceB.basisC.purposeD.opportunityA.applyB.appealC.stickD.turnA.ourB.itsC.yourD.theirA.concerningB.followingC.consideringD.disregardingA.preferenceB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitionsA

9、.aB.anyC.noD.theA.ThereforeB.HoweverC.NeverthelessD.MoreoverA.majorityB.massC.minorityD.multitudeA.proposalB.suggestionC.considerationD.appraisalA.towardsB.againstC.out ofD.withoutA.turnsB.partsC.choicesD.risks二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The unkn

10、own pervades the universe. That which people can see, with the aid of various sorts of telescope, accounts for just 4% of the total mass. The rest, however, must exist. Without it, galaxies would not survive and the universe would not be gently expanding, as witnessed by astronomers. What exactly co

11、nstitutes this dark matter and dark energy remains mysterious, but physicists have recently uncovered some more clues, about the former, at least.One possible explanation for dark matter is a group of subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are thought to be the most abundant particles in th

12、e universe. According to the Standard Model, the most successful description of particle physics to date, neutrinos come in three varieties, called “flavors“. Again, according to the Standard Model, they are point-like, electrically neutral and massless. But in recent years, this view has been chall

13、enged, as physicists realized that neutrinos might have mass.The first strong evidence came in 1998, when researchers at an experiment, based in Japan, showed that muon neutrinos produced by cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere had gone missing by the time they should have reached an underground

14、 detector. Its operators suspect that the missing muon neutrinos had changed flavor, becoming electron neutrinos or-more likely-tau neutrinos. Theo- ry suggests that this process, called oscillation, can happen only if neutrinos have mass.Over the coming months and years, researchers hope to produce

15、 the most accurate measurements yet. The researchers created a beam of muon neutrinos first. On the other side of the target sat a particle detector that monitored the number of muon neutrinos leaving. The neutrinos then travelled 750km (450 miles) through the Earth to a detector in a former iron mi

16、ne in Soudan, Minnesota. Researchers then were able to confirm that a significant number of muon neutrinos had disappeared-that is, they had changed flavor. While their mass is so small that neutrinos cannot be the sole constituent of dark matter, they have an advantage in that they are at least kno

17、wn to exist.The same cannot be said for sure of another possible form of dark matter being studied by a group of physicists in Italy. If the result continues to withstand scrutiny, it would appear to be evidence for an exotic new sort of fundamental particle, known as an axion, which could also be a

18、 type of dark matter.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “pervades“(Line 1, Para. 1) mean?（分数：2.00）A.Be of higher rank or authority.B.To spread through the whole extent of.C.To gain the victory or superiority.D.To make something come true.(2).What aspect about neutrinos has been questioned in recent ye

19、ars?（分数：2.00）A.Neutrinos are in the shape of points.B.There are altogether three different varieties of Neutrinos.C.Neutrinos do not have any mass.D.Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe.(3).How should we understand the process of oscillation?（分数：2.00）A.Cosmic rays are used to pr

20、oduce muon neutrinos.B.Muon neutrinos went missing during experiments.C.Cosmic rays hit the upper atmosphere.D.One flavor of neutrinos is changed into another one.(4).Which one of the following is NOT true about the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 ?（分数：2.00）A.It can be used to confirm previous s

21、uspects about neutrinos.B.The number of muon neutrinos changed in the process of the experiment.C.A more accurate number can be put on the mass of neutrinos based on this experiment.D.The result of the experiment contradicts that in 1998.(5).Which one of the following statements is true about axion?

22、（分数：2.00）A.It is known for sure to exist although not enough evidence is available.B.It is another possible constituent of dark matter.C.The search for hypothetical particle has failed so far.D.If successful, experiment will prove it to be the sole form of dark matter.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Love is

23、 probably the best antidepressant there is because one of the most common sources of depression is feeling unloved. Most depressed people dont love themselves and they do not feel loved by others. They also are very self-focused, making them less attractive to others and depriving them of opportunit

24、ies to learn the skills of love. There is a mythology in our culture that love just happens. As a result, the depressed often sit around passively waiting for someone to love them. But love doesnt work that way. To get love and keep love you have to go out and be active and learn a variety of specif

25、ic skills.Most of us get our ideas of love from popular culture. We come to believe that love is something that sweeps us off our feet. But the pop-culture ideal of love consists of unrealistic images created for entertainment, which is one reason so many of us are set up to be depressed. Its part o

26、f our national vulnerability, like eating junk food, constantly stimulated by images of instant gratification. We think it is love when its simply distraction and infatuation. One consequence is that when we hit real love we become upset and disappointed because there are many things that do not fit

27、 the cultural ideal.Limerance is the psychological state of deep infatuation. It feels good but rarely lasts. Limerance is that first stage of mad attraction whereby all the hormones are flowing and things feel so right. Limerance lasts, on average, six months. It can progress to love. Love mostly s

28、tarts out as limerance, but limerance doesnt always evolve into love.Love is a learned skill, not something that comes from hormones or emotion particularly. Erich Fromm called it “an act of will. “ If you dont learn the skills of love you virtually guarantee that you will be depressed, not only bec

29、ause you will not be connected enough, but because you will have many failure experiences.There are always core differences between two people, no matter how good or close you are, and if the relationship is going right those differences surface. The issue then is to identify the differences and neg

30、otiate them so that they dont distance you or kill the relationship. You do that by understanding where the other person is coming from, who that person is, and by being able to represent yourself. When the differences are known you must be able to negotiate and compromise on them until you find a c

31、ommon ground that works for both.（分数：10.00）(1).The mythology that “love just happens“ means that_.（分数：2.00）A.love will come as you are waiting for itB.it is rare that one can find real loveC.people always actively seek loveD.giving and getting is just in love(2).According to the passage, why are we

32、still upset and disappointed when love comes?（分数：2.00）A.We think it is not real love.B.We find love is actually very unrealistic.C.We become more vulnerable in love.D.We find it is different from the ideal “love“ concept in our mind.(3).Which one of the following statements is true about the relatio

33、nship between limerance and love?（分数：2.00）A.Limerance lasts for a long time while love does not.B.Limerance is so different that it can never become real love.C.Limerance is usually the starting point of love.D.Love is real while limerance is not.(4).Erich Fromm called love “an act of will“ because_

34、.（分数：2.00）A.you have to wait to get loveB.love is something you can get when you wantC.love is a skill you have to learnD.you can only get love after many failures(5).What is the suggestion given by the author in this passage about the core differences between two people?（分数：2.00）A.To find out the d

35、ifferences and talk about them.B.To avoid talking about the differences.C.To change differences into similarities.D.To pretend that differences do not exist.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Major life changes may play a role in as many as a quarter of chronic daily headache cases that arise among otherwise h

36、ealthy adult men and women, study findings suggest. “Major life events may precipitate or co-occur with the development of chronic daily headaches,“ Dr. Ann I. Scher said. Major life changes literally shake up our world, and invite or pressure us to interact with life in new ways. To grow, we need t

37、o change our belief systems to allow for new levels of thinking and performance.Scher, of Uniformed Services University, in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues assessed re ports of major life changes among 206 men and women who met criteria for chronic daily headache (180 or more headache days per ye

38、ar). They assessed similar reports from 507 men and women with “episodic“ headache (2 to 104 headache days per year).The investigators assessed changes in work, marital status, childrens status, or residence; as well as deaths of family or close friends. They also inquired about self-defined “extrem

39、ely stressful situations,“ such as financial problems, an ongoing individual illness or that of a family member, or an ongoing abusive relationship. Compared with men and women with episodic headache, men and women with chronic daily headache were more likely to have experienced major life events in

40、 the 2-year period prior to the onset of their headache condition, the researchers report in the medical journal Cephalalgia.The strongest predictor of chronic daily headache was an ongoing extremely stressful situation. The researchers also noted a higher proportion of chronic daily headache among

41、people 40 years and older. In this group, “a change in work status was related to increased risk for chronic daily headache, while in contrast, those younger than 40 years showed a decreased risk for chronic daily headache after a job change,“ Scher told Reuters Health.These findings are generally c

42、onsistent with prior research related to other chronic pain conditions, the investigators note. “Our finding that the relationship may be stronger for those older than 40 was an interesting, but secondary, finding that should be replicated in other samples,“ Scher said.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the wo

43、rd “precipitate“ most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.To cause something to happen.B.To prevent something from happening.C.To predict something to happen.D.To prepare for something to happen.(2).From the passage, we know that chronic daily headache refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.lasting experience of headache over

44、the yearB.headache experienced for more than 30 days per yearC.headache that cause serious psychological problemsD.headache related to work issues(3).What is the most important difference between those with chronic daily headache and with episodic headache?（分数：2.00）A.The former ones are usually sing

45、le while the later married.B.The former ones usually experienced some pretty huge changes in life.C.The former ones usually live in cities while the later in rural areas.D.The former ones are usually working while the later unemployed.(4).What is the most important element to predict chronic daily h

46、eadache?（分数：2.00）A.The experience of severe pressure.B.An age of over 40 years old.C.Too many job changes in the past.D.The problems related to children.(5).From the passage, we know that the findings in this passage_previous ones.（分数：2.00）A.confirmB.contradict withC.cast doubt onD.are exactly the s

47、ame with七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gai

48、n the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and

49、the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.Florence Nightingales two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his c