【考研类试卷】考研英语-487及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-487 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Did you ever have someones name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? (1) this happens again, do no (2) to recall it. Do something (3) for a couple of minutes, (4) the name may come into your head. The

2、name is there since you have met (5) person and his name. It (6) has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall (7) the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious (8) that go to work to dig up a (9) memory. Forcing yourself to recall (10) never helps because it doesnt (11) your memory；it only t

3、ightens it. Students find the preparatory method help (12) examinations. They read over the questions (13) trying to answer any of them. (14) they answer first the ones (15) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (16) ; work is being do

4、ne on the (17) difficult questions. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers (18) the more difficult ones will usually begin to (19) into consciousness. It is often (20) a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.（分数：10.00）A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.WhetherA.tryB.wantC.hesitateD.wa

5、itA.simpleB.apartC.elseD.similarA.unlessB.andC.orD.untilA.someB.certainC.aD.thisA.thenB.reallyC.onlyD.indeedA.leadsB.beginsC.helpsD.preparesA.deedsB.activitiesC.movementsD.proceduresA.lightB.freshC.dimD.darkA.merelyB.almostC.barelyD.hardlyA.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduceA.intoB.inC.aboutD.byA.afte

6、rB.besidesC.beforeD.againstA.ThusB.ButC.ThereforeD.ThenA.ofB.withC.forD.inA.placeB.shapeC.chargeD.actionA.tooB.lessC.notD.moreA.toB.ofC.aboutD.forA.appearB.growC.extendD.comeA.nearlyB.likelyC.justD.even二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many in the Midd

7、le East have difficulty in adjusting themselves to the new situation created by the departure of the imperial powers. For the first time in almost 200 years, the rulers and people of the Middle East have to accept the final responsibility for their own affairs, to make their own mistakes and to acce

8、pt the consequences. This is difficult to internalize, even to perceive, after so long a period. For the entire lifetimes of those who formulate and conduct policy at the present time and of their predecessors for many generations, vital decisions were made elsewhere, ultimate control lay elsewhere,

9、 and the principal task of statesmanship and diplomacy was as far as possible to avoid or reduce the dangers of this situation and to exploit such opportunities as it might from time to time offer. It is very difficult to forsake the habits not just of a lifetime but of a whole era of history. The d

10、ifficulty is much greater when alien cultural, social and economic preeminence continues and even increases, despite the ending of alien political and military domination. Military and to a growing extent political intervention by the West has indeed ended, but the impact of its science and culture,

11、 its technology, amenities and institutions remains and even increases. As in other parts of the non-Western world, this impact has been and will be enormous. In these circumstances, it is natural that Middle Easterners should continue to assumeand proceed on the assumptionthat real responsibility a

12、nd decision still lie elsewhere. In its crudest form, this belief leads to wild and strange conspiracy theories directed against those whom they regard as their enemiesIsrael, and more generally the Jews, the United States, and more generally the West. No theory is too absurd to be asserted or too p

13、reposterous to be widely and instantly believed. Even among more responsible statesmen and analysts, a similar belief in alien power, albeit in a less crude form, often seems to guide both analysis and policy. Some even go so far as to invite outside intervention, presumable in the belief that only

14、outside powers have the capacity to make and enforce decisions. A case in point is the constant appeal to the United States to involve itself in the Arab Israel conflict, oddly coupled with the repeated accusation of “American imperialism. “ This state of mind is likely to continue for some time, wi

15、th appeals for support or even intervention to the United States, to Russia and even to the European Union. In time, no doubt, Middle Eastern governments and people will learn how to use this window of opportunity to the best advantagethat is, of course, if the window remains open long enough.（分数：10

16、.00）(1).The word “this“ in the third sentence of Paragraph 1 refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the departure of the imperial powersB.the final responsibility of the Middle Eastern countries for their own affairsC.the consequence created by the departure of the imperial powersD.the fact that the Middle Eastern c

17、ountries have to be responsible for their own affairs(2). The Middle Eastern countries were at a loss after the departure of the imperial powers because_.（分数：2.00）A.they were rather backward and in bad need of foreign assistanceB.they were accustomed to being ruled by an alien forceC.they were plung

18、ed into war after the departure of the imperial powersD.the imperial powers left them nothing but disorder(3). It is natural for Middle Easterners to assume that_.（分数：2.00）A.their real enemies are the Western countriesB.no countries can save them but their ownC.it is up to their leaders, not the ord

19、inary people, to make decisionsD.other countries should come to their help in times of urgency(4).The fact that the Middle Eastern countries often rely on the United States in resolving their conflicts shows that they believe that_.（分数：2.00）A.American imperialists still have control over the world a

20、ffairsB.outside powers are more capable of effective decisionsC.they are weaker than Israel and cannot defeat itD.Israel is assisted and manipulated by the United States(5).The author implied in the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.it takes time for the Middle Easterners to adjust themselves to the new situ

21、ationB.the world will be more peaceful if each country learns to care about its own businessC.most of the unrest in the Middle East is attributable to Israels aggressive policiesD.the Western powers should stop interfering with other countries affairs五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since 1975 advocates of h

22、umane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from c

23、ommercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals“ by Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal ri

24、ghts movement. The post-1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Many new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid-198

25、0s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals. Some of the extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their poi

26、nt. Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testi

27、ng. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to replace the use of animals. Some well-known designers have stopped using fur. While the public tends to agree that animals should

28、be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem, since fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kane car on can look almost identical to real fur. Some of the stron

29、gest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.（分数：10.00）(1). 1975 was an important year in the history of a

30、nimal treatment because_.（分数：2.00）A.many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that yearB.a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movementC.the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protectionD.the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the wor

31、ld(2).Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.wipe out cruel peopleB.stop using animals in the laboratoryC.attack hunters in the wildD.catch full public attention(3). When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been

32、 mixed“ (in Para. 3), he means the protest and other tactics_.（分数：2.00）A.have produced desired effectsB.almost amounted to nothingC.have some influence on the publicD.have proved to be too radical(4).The word “marshaling“ (in the last paragraph) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.conductingB.popularizingC.c

33、hangingD.outraging(5). It seems that the author of this article_.（分数：2.00）A.is strongly opposed to the animal rights movementB.is in favor of the animal rights movementC.supports the use of violence in animal protectionD.hates the use of fake fur for clothes六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It was a ruling th

34、at had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by Americas Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate price

35、s without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its mar

36、kets as it sees fit: Levis jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brandswhich could only lead to less innovation an

37、d, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levis case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levis jeans sold in America and Europea service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and on

38、e that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levis jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tescos head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks “creating a Fortress Eur

39、ope with a vengeance“. The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the

40、job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and ope

41、ning its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere. Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levis might well fade awa

42、y and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.（分数：10.00）(1). Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.Consumers and free traders were very angry.B.Onl

43、y the Levis maker can decide the prices of the jeans.C.The ruling has protected Levis from price dumping.D.Levis jeans should be sold at a high price.(2). Guccis success shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.it has changed its fate with its own effortB.Gucci has successfully saved its own imageC.opening its own st

44、ores is the key to successD.it should be the courts duty to save its image(3).The word “specious“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) in the context probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.responsible for oneselfB.having too many doubtsC.not as it seems to beD.raising misunderstanding(4). According to the passage, the doomed

45、fate of Levis is caused by such factors except that_.（分数：2.00）A.the rivals are competitiveB.it fails to command premium pricesC.market forces have their own rulesD.the court fails to give some help(5).The authors attitude towards Levis prospect seems to be_. （分数：2.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.puzzlingD

46、.objective七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intensive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless cheap variation, even customization. The revolutionary result is,

47、in effect, the demassification of mass production. The shift toward smart flex techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among. But Wal-Mart is a mass merchand

48、iser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer based buying, direc

49、t mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly demassified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late 1960s, visionary marketers began talking about “market segmentation“. Today they no longer focus on “ segments“ but on “ particles “family units and even single individuals. Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly demassified