【考研类试卷】考研英语-217及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-217 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I knowU (1) /

2、Upersonal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I wawU (2) /Uhundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed ofU (3) /Umy job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world.

3、But these dreamsU (4) /Uto a sudden and dramatic end when a stock IU (5) /U, Texas cellular pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percentU (6) /Ua one year period. On theU (7) /Uday, it plunged by more than $ 15 a share. There was a rumor the company wasU (8) /Usales figures. That was when I leamed

4、how quickly Wall streetU (9) /Ucompanies that misrepresent theU (10) /U.In aU (11) /U, I sold all my stock in the company, payingU (12) /Umargin debt with cash advances from myU (13) /Ucard. Because I owned so many shares, IU (14) /Ua small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerag

5、e company. One month, I am aU (15) /U, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market.My father was a stockbroker, as way my grandfatherU (16) /Uhim. (In fact, he founded one of Chicagos earliest brokerage firms. ) But like so many things in life, we dont learn anything until

6、 weU (17) /Uit for ourselves. The only way to really understand the innerU (18) /Uof the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doingU (19) /Uand you feel like a winner, you learn very little. Its when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning you

7、r stock-pickingU (20) /Uthat you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.（分数：10.00）A.atB.inC.fromD.byA.makingB.spendingC.sellingD.buyingA.losingB.retiringC.gettingD.quittingA.turnedB.cameC.wentD.seemedA.owendB.owedC.rentedD.soldA.overB.byC.fromD.withA.busyB.slowC.worstD.fastA.chea

8、tingB.exaggeratingC.announcingD.beatingA.punishesB.defeatsC.tellsD.showsA.tradeB.truthC.lieD.liesA.despairB.worryC.panicD.momentA.allB.offC.overD.upA.creditB.identityC.identficationD.loanA.wonB.lostC.gainedD.foundA.winnerB.champagneC.geniusD.mentorA.afterB.beforeC.forD.andA.rememberB.liveC.imagineD.

9、experienceA.workingsB.inningsC.priceD.sharesA.moreB.greatC.muchD.upA.facilityB.facultyC.abilityD.power二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BInco

10、me inequality in the United State remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s , an increasingly clear trend tow

11、ard greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990s and curren

12、tly shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid

13、technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.As occupational reconstructing and growing income

14、inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance betwee

15、n the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporar

16、y arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a

17、result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the postindustrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and perma

18、nent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in

19、the Nations labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those

20、 goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-educated

21、 workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the

22、decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.（分数：10.00）(1).From the Paragraph 1, we can see that beginning in the 1970s_.（分数：2.00）A.income became more unequalB.income became more equalC.income became more unstable

23、D.income became more stable(2).According to the statistics of the 1980s, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The top 20 percent of the workers earned more than the well-paid technicians.B.Over half of the workers were poorly paid.C.There were more service jobs.D.Income still remained unequ

24、al.(3).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.B.Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial economy.C.Polarizat

25、ion theorists do not think it useful to train the workers.D.Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality.(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by he wage distribution.B.fewer goods-producing industrial

26、 workers will be employed.C.Not enough college students are employed by different services.D.Less educated workers have become more important.(5).According to the writer, intensifying global competition and immigration will _.（分数：2.00）A.reduce the proportion of union workersB.reduce the real value o

27、f the minimum wageC.increase the use of temporary workersD.make the wages of less-educated workers go downBText 2/BWith only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas AM University resea

28、rcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possibl

29、e. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like what were attempting here at Texas AMto save animals from extinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should bec

30、ome extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming ex

31、tinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to comp

32、lete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbre

33、aking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , “adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas AM, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is

34、 very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. “（分数：10.00）(1).The aim of “Noahs Ark“ project is to_.（分数：2.00）A.

35、implant embryo into a host animalB.salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC.save endangered animals from extinctionD.introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg ceils of a Japanese white rabbit(2).How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.

36、1 year.B.3 to 5 years.C.2 years.D.25 years.(3).The word “groundbreaking“(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as_.（分数：2.00）A.essentially newB.pioneeringC.evolutionaryD.epoch-making(4).What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of available panda eggs.

37、B.Lack of host animals.C.Lack of qualified researchers.D.Lack of funds.(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Chinathe Native Place of Pandas ForeverB.Chinas Efforts to Clone PandasC.Chinas First Cloned PandaD.Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasBText 3/BIt is incongruous that th

38、e number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the

39、 recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to s

40、uccess is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos“ rather than “might-dos“, and who feel that academia bas not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that t

41、here should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Su rely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushroomin

42、g took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders The Institute of Managements 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more

43、 effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more

44、so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are not lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business

45、 school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe n

46、ow that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly c

47、ompetitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and. industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself sm

48、ug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the writers view in the reading passage?（分数：2.00）A.He believes that ther

49、e are too many MBAsB.He believes that the degree is over-valuedC.He believes that standards are inconsistentD.He believes that the degree has dubious value(2).According to the passage, employers_.（分数：2.00）A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needsB.consider that cost-consciousness is t