【考研类试卷】考研英语-161及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-161 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The current French bestseller lists are wonderfully eclectic. InU (1) /U. there is everythingU (2) /Ublockbuster thrillers to Catherine Millers La Vie Sexuelle de Catherine M., a novel which has beenU (3) /Upraised as high art andU

2、(4) /Uas upmarket porn. Then there are novelsU (5) /Uthe sticky questions of good andU (6) /U(Le Demon et Mademoiselle Prym) and faith versus science m the modern world (Lapparition). PhilosophicalU (7) /Ucontinue in the non-fiction list.U (8) /Uthis week by Michel Onfrays “Antimanuel de Philosophic

3、“. a witty talkU (9) /Usome of philosophys perennial debates. Those who like their big issues in small chunks are also enjoying Frederic Beigbeders Dernier Inventaire avant Liquidation. a survey of FrancesU (10) /U20th-century books,U (11) /Uwith Mr. BeigbedersU (12) /Uhumour from the title on (The

4、50 books of the Century Chosen by You and Critiqued by Me),In Britain. meanwhile, there is olive oil all over the non-fiction list. Its a majorU (13) /Ufor Nigella Lawson, a domestic divinity and celebrityU (14) /U, whose latestU (15) /Uof recipes tops the list. Annie Hawes, in secondU (16) /U. took

5、 herselfU (17) /Uto the sun-drenched hills of Italy to grow her own olives and write a book about them as did Carol Drinkwater, justU (18) /Uthe border in France. Fiction-wise, its business asU (19) /U, with the requisite holiday mix of thrillers, romance, fantasy and Harry Potter. with The Goblet o

6、f Fire still burningU (20) /Uat number three.（分数：10.00）A.literatureB.narrativeC.storyD.fictionA.onB.fromC.aboutD.ofA.bothB.equallyC.ratherD.togetherA.approvedB.admiredC.deridedD.scoldedA.attemptingB.dealingC.tacklingD.talkingA.evilB.sinC.wickednessD.badA.topicsB.ideasC.argumentsD.themesA.toppedB.cov

7、eredC.overdoneD.surpassedA.ofB.byC.atD.onA.goodB.favouriteC.favorableD.satisfyingA.dealtB.handledC.touchedD.managedA.brandB.trademarkC.markedD.obviousA.ingredientB.constitutionC.partD.factorA.writerB.novelistC.chefD.journalistA.setB.anthologyC.collectionD.albumA.rankB.placeC.pointD.statusA.upB.onC.o

8、ffD.inA.aboveB.aroundC.aboutD.acrossA.usualB.usuallyC.commonD.commonlyA.brightB.intenseC.dazzlingD.brilliant二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/B“Making money is a dirty game,“ says the Institute of Economic Affairs. summing up the attitude of British novelists towards business. The IEA. a free

9、market think-tank, has just published a collection of essays (The Representation of Business in English Literature) by five academics chronicling the hostility of the countrys men and women of letters to the sordid business of making money. The implication is that Britains economic performance Is re

10、tarded by an anti-industrial culture.Rather than blaming rebellious workers and incompetent managers for Britains economic worries. then, we can put George Orwell and Martin Amis in the dock instead. From Dickenss Scrooge to Amiss John Self in his 1980s novel Money, novelists have conjured up a rogu

11、es gallery of mean. greedy, amoral money-men that has alienated their impressionable readers from the noble pursuit of capitalism.The argument has been well made before, most famously in 1981 by Martin Wiener. an American academic, in his English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit. Lad

12、y Thatcher was an admirer of Mr. Wieners. and she led a crusade to revive the “entrepreneurial culture“ which the liberal elite had allegedly trampled underfoot. The present Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, sounds as though he agrees with her. At a recent speech to the Confederation of Bri

13、tish Industry, he declared that it should be the duty of every teacher in the country to “communicate the virtues of business and enterprise“.Certainly, most novelists are hostile to capitalism, but this refrain risks scapegoating writers for failings for which they are not to blame. Britains cultur

14、e is no more anti-business than that of other countries. The Romantic Movement. which started as a reaction against the industrial revolution of the 21st century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europes most successful entreprcneurs and industrialists.E

15、ven the Americans are guilty of blackening businesss name. SMERSH and SPECTRE went our with the cold war, James Bond now takes on international media magnates rather than Rosa Kleb. His films such as Erin Brockovich have pitched downtrodden, moral heroes against the evil of faceless corporatism. Yet

16、 none of this seems to have dented Americas lust for free enterprise.The irony is that the novel flourished as an art form only after, and as a result of. the creation of the new commercial classes of Victorian England, just as the modem Hollywood film can exist only in an era of mass consumerism. P

17、erhaps the moral is that capitalist societies consume literature and film to let off steam rather than to change the world.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contractB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon(2)

18、.The word “sordid“(Line 4. Para. 1) implies_.（分数：2.00）A.holyB.dirtyC.saintlyD.pure(3).George Orwell and Martin Amis should be responsible for the retarded economy because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are blaming rebellious workers and incompetent managersB.they create an anti-industrial cultureC.the novelists

19、are in favor of themD.novelists depict them as merciful people(4).American academic Martin Wieners argument_.（分数：2.00）A.sides with the liberal eliteB.is neutral about the virtue of business and enterpriseC.inclines towards the revival of the entrepreneurial cultureD.is hostile to the industrial spir

20、it(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Hostility of Making-money and the Deeper ThinkingB.Academic Hostility to BusinessC.industrial Spirit RevivalD.Anti-business Wave in Literature WorldBText 2/BJoseph Rykwert entered his field when post-war modernist architecture was coming under fir

21、e for its alienating embodiment of outmoded social ideals. Think of the UN building in New York. the city of Brasilia. the UNESCO building in Paris, the blocks of housing “projects“ throughout the world. These tall. uniform boxes are set back from the street, isolated by windswept plazas. They look

22、inward to their own functions, presenting no “face“ to the inhabitants of the city, no “place“ for social interaction. For Mr. Rykwert. who rejects the functionalist spirit of the Athens Charter of 1933. a manifesto for much post-war building, such facelessness destroys the human meaning of the city

23、. Architectural form should not rigidly follow function, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents.Like other forms of representation, architecture is the embodiment of the decisions that go into its making, not the result of impersonal forces, market or history. Therefore. say

24、s Mr. Rykwert, adapting Joseph de Maistres dictum that a nation has the government it deserves, our cities have the faces they deserve.In this book. Mr. Rykwert. a noted urban historian of anthropological love, offers a flaneurs approach to the citys exterior surface rather than an urban history fro

25、m the conceptual inside out. He does not drive, so his interaction with the city affords him a warts-and-all view with a sensual grasp of what it is to be a “place“.His story of urbanization begins, not surprisingly, with the industrial revolution when populations shifted and increased, exacerbating

26、 problems of housing and crime. In the 19th century many planning programs and utopias (Ebenezer Howards garden city and Charles Fouriers “phalansteries“ among them) were proposed as remedies. These have left their mark on 20th-century cities, as did Baron Hausmanns boulevards in Paris, Eugene Violl

27、et-le-Ducs and Owen Joness arguments for historical style, and Adolf Looss fateful turn-of-the-century call to abolish ornament which, in turn, inspired Le Corbusiers bare functionalism. The reader will recognize all these ideas in the surfaces of the cities that hosted them: New York. Paris. London

28、, and Vienna.Cities changed again after the Second World War as populations grew. technology raced and prosperity spread. Like it or not, todays cities are the muddled product, among other things, of speed. greed, outmoded social agendas and ill-suited postmodern aesthetics. Some lament the old city

29、s death; others welcome its replacement by the electronically driven “global village“. Mr, Rykwert has his worries, to be sure. but he does not see ruin or chaos everywhere. He defends the city as a human and social necessity. In Chandigarh, Canberra and New York he sees overall success; in New Delh

30、i, Paris and Shanghai, large areas of falling. For Mr. Rykwert. a man on foot in the age of speeding virtual, good architecture may still show us a face where flaneurs can read the story of their urban setting in familiar metaphors.（分数：10.00）(1).An argument made by supporters of functionism is that_

31、.（分数：2.00）A.post-war modernist architecture was coming under fireB.UN building in New York blocks the housing projectsC.windswept plazas present “face“ to the inhabitants of the cityD.functionism reflects the needs of the social body(2).The last sentence of the second paragraph implies_.（分数：2.00）A.a

32、 government is the embodiment of a countryB.architectural form should reflect the needs of the social bodyC.the cities, as government, should show people perfect appearanceD.making the decision of architecture is a comprehensive project(3).28 The word “exacerbating“(Line 2, Para 4) means_.（分数：2.00）A

33、.deterioratingB.inspiringC.encouragingD.producing(4).According to Mr. Rykwert, he_.（分数：2.00）A.sees damage here and thereB.is absolutely a functionistC.is completely disappointed with the citys deathD.is looking at the city objectively(5).The author associates the issue of functionism with post-war m

34、odernist architecture because（分数：2.00）A.they are both Mr. Rykwerts argumentsB.post-war modernist architecture is the representative of functiomsmC.functionism and post-war modernism architecture are totally contradictoryD.Mr. Rykwert supports functiomsmBText 3/BJoy Williams quirky fourth novel The Q

35、uick and the Dead follows three 16-year-old misfits in an abnormal Charlies Angels set in the American south-west. Driven unclearly to defend animal rights, the girls accomplish little beyond curse: they rescue a wounded ox and hurl stones at stuffed elephants. In what is structurally a road novel t

36、hat ends up where it began, the threesome stumbles upon both cruelty to animals and unlikely romance. A mournful dog is killed by an angry neighbor, a taxidermist falls in love with an 8-year-old direct-action firebrand determined that he pays. for his sins. A careen across the barely tamed Arizona

37、prairie, this peculiar book aims less for a traditional storyline than a sequence of noisy (often hilarious) conversations, ridiculous circumstances, and absurdist scene. The consequent long-walk-to-nowhere is both the books limitation and its charm.All three girls are motherless. Fiercely political

38、 Alice discovers that her parents are her grandparents, who thereupon shrivel: “Lie had kept them young whereas the truth had accelerated them practically into oldness.“ Both parents of the sorrowful Corvus drowned while driving on a flooded interstate off-ramp. The mother of the more conventional A

39、nnabel (“one of those people who would say, Well get in touch soonest when they never wanted to see you again“) slammed her car drunkenly into a fish restaurant. Later, Annabels father observes to his wifes ghost. “You didnt want to order what I ordered, darling.“ The sharp-tongued ghost snaps back:

40、 “Thats because you always ordered badly and wanted me to experience your miserable mistake.“Against a roundly apocalyptic world view. the great pleasures of this book are line-by-line. Ms. Williams can break setting and character alike in a few slashes: “it was one of those rugged American places,

41、a remote, sad-ass, but courageous downwind town whose citizens were flawed and brave.“ Alices acerbity spits little wisdoms: putting lost teeth under a pillow for money is “a classic capitalistic consumer trick, designed to wean you away at an early age from healthy horror and sensible dismay to gre

42、edy, deluded, sunny expectancy.“Whether or not the novel, like Alice. expressly advocates animal rights, an animal motif crops up in every scene, as flesh-and-blood “critters“ (usually dead) or plain decoration on crockery. If Ms. Williams does not intend to induce human horror at a pending cruel Ar

43、mageddon, she at least invokes a future of earthly loneliness, where animals appear only as ceramic-hen butter dishes and extinct-species Elastoplasts. One caution: when flimsy narrative superstructure begins to sag, anarchic wackiness can grow wearing. While The Quick and the Dead is sharp from its

44、 first page, the trouble with starting at the edge is there is nowhere to go. Nevertheless. Ms. Williams is original, energetic and viscously funny: Carl Hiaasen with a conscience.（分数：10.00）(1).The girls in the novel_.（分数：2.00）A.did nothing substantive except criticizing the realityB.protected anima

45、ls successfullyC.were cruel to the animalsD.murdered their neighbors dog(2).This novel is attentive to each of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.backgroundsB.conversationsC.traditional storylinesD.scenes(3).The main idea of the novel is_.（分数：2.00）A.caring about the childrenB.how to make crockeryC.fig

46、hting with the animal-killersD.animal protection(4).The second paragraph tells us _.（分数：2.00）A.the miserable life of the girlsB.the girls parents are growing oldC.social contradiction and circumstances the girls live inD.the backgrounds of the story and the heroines(5).For Alice, putting lost teeth

47、under a pillow for money is_.（分数：2.00）A.just a beautiful dreamB.a way to have some hopeC.a way to be away from lustD.a way to prevent one from illnessBText 4/BFew people, except conspiracy theorists, would have expected so public a spat as the one this week between the two ringmasters of Formula One

48、 (F1) motor racing. Bernie Ecclestone. a very wealthy British motor sport entrepreneur, is at odds. it would seem. with his longstanding associate. Max Mosley, president of Fls governing body, the Federation International de lAutomobile (FIA).On the surface, the dispute has broken out over what looked like a done deal. Last June. the FIA voted unanimously to extend Mr. Ecclestones exclusive fights to stage and broadcast Fl racing, which expire in 2010, by t00 years. For these favourable rights, Mr. Ecelestone was to pay the FIA a mere $360 million in total, and only $6