【考研类试卷】考研英语-11及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal s

2、ystem of Great Britain. We have a “common law“, or law made by courts U U 1 /U /Ua monarch or other central governmental U U 2 /U /Ulike a legislature. The jury, a U U 3 /U /Uof ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an U U 4 /U /Upart of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is

3、 a U U 5 /U /Ufeature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. U U 6 /U /Uthe centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result U U 7 /U /Uwould be obtained using a judge U U 8 /U /U, as

4、many countries do. U U 9 /U /Ua jury decides cases after “U U 10 /U /U“ , or discussions among a group of people, the jurys decision is likely to have the U U 11 /U /Ufrom many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases,

5、which decide U U 12 /U /Uamong U U 13 /U /Ucitizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government U U 14 /U /Uthat individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and U U 15 /U /U. Jurors, consisting of U U 16 /U /Unumbers, are called for each case r

6、equiring a jury.The judge U U 17 /U /Uto the case U U 18 /U /Uthe selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, U U 19 /U /Ujurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the U U 20 /U /Uunder rules dictated by state law.（分数：1

7、0.00）(1). A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. or rather（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. agency B. organization C. institution D. authority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. panel B. crew C. band D. flock（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. innate B. intact C. integral D. integrated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. discriminating

8、 B. distinguishing C. determining D. diminishing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. In B. By C. After D. Over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. that B. which C. than D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. alike B. alone C. altogether D. apart（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. Although B. Because C. If D. While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. del

9、iberations B. meditations C. reflections D. speculations（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. outline B. outcome C. input D. intake（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. arguments B. controversies C. disputes D. hostilities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. fellow B. individual C. personal D. private（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. asserti

10、ng B. alleging C. maintaining D. testifying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. summoned B. evoked C. rallied D. assembled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. set B. exact C. given D. placed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. allocated B. allotted C. appointed D. assigned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. administers B. manages C. oversees

11、 D. presides（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. inspective B. irrespective C. perspective D. prospective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. bodies B. parties C. sides D. units（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An “Uepidemic/Uof poverty“ in Britain is hav

12、ing a dramatic impact on the survival rates and health chances of children from poor families, an influential coalition will warn this week in a major report that casts doubt on government efforts to close the inequality gap.End Child Poverty, a network of childrens charities, church groups, unions

13、and think-tanks, claims that the gap between rich and poor represents a “huge injustice“ in British society and has become one of the major factors affecting child mortality rates.Its report, based on a wide-ranging analysis of government data, finds that children from poor families are at 10 times

14、the risk of sudden infant death as children from better-off homes. And it reveals how babies from disadvantaged families are more likely to be born underweight less than children from the richest families. Poorer children are two-and-a-half times more likely to suffer chronic illness when toddlers a

15、nd twice as likely to have cerebral palsy, according to the report, “Health Consequences of Poverty for Children“. “Poverty is now one of the greatest dangers faced by our children, “ said Nick Spencer, one of the reports authors and professor of child health at the University of Warwick. “If povert

16、y were an infection, we would be in the midst of a full-scale epidemic.“The report is likely to revive the debate on child poverty and focus attention on Labors record when it comes to tackling social inequalities. In March 1999, the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, promised to eradicate child pover

17、ty “within a generation“. This was later defined as a commitment to end child poverty by 2020, with a target of halving the number of children living in poverty by 2010/11. But while the current row over social inequality has tended to focus on education and benefits, the implications for health hav

18、e been largely ignored. Now, however, the End Child Poverty report highlights how socio-economic factors affect the entire life of children born into poverty, from fontal development and early infancy through to teenage years and adulthood.The government claims it is closing the gap between rich and

19、 poor, but accepts that more needs to be done. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, said in June: “Although we have already lifted hundreds of thousands of children out of poverty with new tax credits, more people in work and better public services, the latest figures show we have not made enough progr

20、ess.“（分数：10.00）(1).The word “epidemic“ (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means _. A. serious illness B. dangerous illness C. widespread illness D. inanimate illness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to paragraph 2 and 3, we will find child poverty can not produce _. A. high death rate of infancy B. cerebra

21、l paralysis C. chronic disease D. overweight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Children from poor families usually have more risks of disease than children from rich families. B. The number of children living in poverty can be halved by 2010/11. C. Educa

22、tion and benefits are ignored when handling social inequality. D. Socio-economic factors can influence the entire life of children.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What Gordon Brown said in the last paragraph means _. A. we have pulled hundreds of thousands of children out of poverty currently B. new tax credit

23、s with more people in work are helpful to solve the problem of child poverty C. the problem of child poverty has not been solved thoroughly D. we have not made enough progress by this time（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. In Britain child poverty is

24、 quite profound. B. Poverty is UKs hidden child killer. C. Child poverty is the source of all kinds of issues. D. Government should take measures to tackle the problem of child poverty.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the airway to constri

25、ct fatally. Sharing a toy with another child who had earlier eaten a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives. A peanut butter cup dropped in a Halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk.These are the scenarios that “make your bone marrow turn

26、cold“ according to L.Val Giddings, vice president for food and agriculture of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Besides representing the policy interests of food biotech companies in Washington, D. C. , Giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy. Peanuts are on

27、ly one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the number of people who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population.Giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that

28、do great harm to some peoples immune systems. Although soy allergies do not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarket a minefield for people allergic to soy. Biotechnologists

29、 are focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand their research to the rest of the “big eight“ allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish.Last September, for example, Anthony J.Kinney, a crop genetics researcher at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Del., and his col

30、leagues reported using a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. RNAi exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destro

31、y RNA transcribed from a given gene, effectively turning off the gene.Whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. Courtney Chabot Dreyer, a spokesperson for Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a subsidiary of DuPont, says that the company will conduct stu

32、dies to determine whether a promising market exists for low-allergen soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. She estimates that Pioneer Hi-Bred is seven years away from commercializing the altered soybeans.Doug Gurian-Sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the Cent

33、er for Science in the Public Interest-a group that has advocated enhanced Food and Drug Administration oversight for genetically modified foods-comments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. But he wonders about “identity preservation“ a term used in the

34、 food industry to describe the deliberate separation of genetically engineered and nonengineered products. A batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. Such issues of identity

35、preservation could make low-allergen genetically modified foods too costly to produce, Chabot Dreyer admits. But, she says, “its still too early to see if thats true.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, foods have been genetically altered to _. A. taste more delicious B. to cure peoples ineffective

36、ness in immune system C. to promote sales of peanut D. to lower the chance to get allergy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred about genetically modified foods from the text? A. People do not accept any genetically modified foods. B. All genetically modified foods will be of benefit. to peoples

37、health. C. Genetically modified foods still have a long way to go. D. Genetically modified foods will soon be sold in supermarkets.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, which of the following statements is true? A. Genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority. B. Geneticall

38、y modified foods have proved to be safe. C. The nonengineered foods absolutely can be contaminated by the engineered foods. D. The engineered foods are immediately profitable for the food companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the text, we can know that RNAi _. A. can deprive cells of certain mechanism

39、 B. can protect cells against foreign genetic material C. can be effective on 34 kinds of genes D. can cause soybean allergies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards genetically modified foods? A. Supportive. B. Unbiased. C. Partial. D. Skeptical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，

40、分数：10.00)General Wesley Clark recently discovered a hole in his personal securityhis cell phone. A resourceful blogger, hoping to call attention to the black market in phone records, made his privacy-rights experiment on the general in January. For $ 89.95, he purchased, no questions asked, the reco

41、rds of 100 cell-phone calls that Clark had made. (He revealed the trick to Clark soon after.) “Its like someone taking your wallet or knowing who paid you money“, Clark says. “Its no great discovery, but it just doesnt feel right.“ Since then, Clark has become a vocal supporter of the movement to ou

42、tlaw the sale of cell-phone records to third parties.The U.S.s embrace of mobile phonesabout 65% of the population are subscribershas far outpaced efforts to keep what we do with them private. That has cleared the way for a cottage industry devoted to exploiting phone numbers, calling records and ev

43、en the locations of unsuspecting subscribers for profit. A second business segment is developing applications like anonymous traffic monitoring and employee tracking.Most mobile phones are powerful tracking devices, with global-positioning systems (GPS) inside. Companies like Xora combine GPS data w

44、ith information about users to create practical applications. One similar technology allows rental-car companies to track their cars with GPS. California imposed restrictions on the practice last year after a company fined a customer $ 3,000 for crossing into Nevada, violating the rental contract.Ot

45、her applications have not yet been challenged. For about $ 26 a month per employee, a boss can set up a “geofence“ to track how workers use company-issued cell phones or even if they go home early. About 1,000 employers use the service, developed by Xora with Sprint-Nextel.The companies selling thos

46、e services insist that they care about privacy. AirSage, for example, gets data from wireless carriers to monitor drivers cell-phone signals and map them over road grids. That lets it see exactly where gridlock is forming and quickly alert drivers to delays and alternative routes. The data it gets f

47、rom wireless carrier companies are aggregated from many users and scrambled, so no one can track an individual phone. “No official can use the data to give someone a speeding ticket“, says Cy Smith, CEO of AirSage.Privacy advocates say that even with those safeguards, consumers should have a choice about how their information is used. Some responsibility, of course, rests with the individual. Since his data were revealed, Clark took his mobile number off his business cards. Wireless carriers also recommend that customers avoid giving out their mobile numbe