【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-44及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of 1 , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons, prop

2、hesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only 2 a book but a 3 of books. The Bible 4 two major 5 , the Old Testament and the New Testament . The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely 6 Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It is the nationa

3、l 7 literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents 8 the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the 9 church. The 10 work is from the first book Genesis , to the last, Revelations

4、. The 11 and richness of the Bible 12 literature 13 the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary 14 , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique 15 among the world“s books 16 the richness of its 17 and spiritual values. It can be called the 18 of boo

5、ks.（分数：10.00）A.fictionB.historyC.novelD.dramaA.presumablyB.shortlyC.presentlyD.simplyA.collectionB.constitutionC.criticismD.contradictionA.makesB.moderatesC.comprisesD.composesA.diversionB.distinctionC.divisionsD.discrepancyA.onB.byC.withD.inA.permanentB.religiousC.identicalD.theoreticalA.containsB.

6、contaminatesC.commendsD.commencesA.throughB.onC.withinD.byA.CatholicB.contemporaryC.ChristianD.confidentialA.vastB.validC.verbalD.virtualA.divorceB.distressC.dismayD.diversityA.asB.forC.ofD.byA.traditionallyB.converselyC.especiallyD.practicallyA.standardB.formC.standD.formationA.cunningB.promisingC.

7、underlyingD.surpassingA.placeB.venueC.positionD.siteA.forB.onC.inD.toA.greedyB.artisticC.practicalD.absurdA.chapterB.poemC.romanceD.book二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlig

8、htenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankind“s humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An in

9、creasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught

10、with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eater“s gaze and the child“s story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much

11、of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are in

12、cluded. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most people“s lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare.

13、 For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines

14、 and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britain“s laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainl

15、y chickens ) on Britain“s farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is written to_.（分数：2.00）A.put forward sound reason to care about the

16、 welfare of animalsB.emphasize the glory of the EnlightenmentC.introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsD.provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded(2).The inconsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating_.（分数：2.00）A.the deeds conducted by S

17、ir Thomas Foxwell BuxtonB.the people who condemn the fur-trade but merrily wear leatherC.the understanding of the ancient times concerning a system of rightsD.the comprehension of the way to the extremist(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the public“s ignorance of scien

18、tific research results in attacks on scienceB.a measure of mankind“s humanity is taken into accountC.confusion and contradiction result from vulnerable campaignsD.the debate is bound to aggravate in the next decade(4).With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.

19、00）A.Even if they deplore the activitist“s use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can sure rejoice todayB.Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of animal rightsC.Over the years something good has come from the campaign against the animal indust

20、ryD.It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows(5).In the text, a comparison is made so as to_.（分数：2.00）A.abolish the slave tradeB.elaborate a higher purpose of animal researchC.warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animalsD.assert t

21、hat science is, by and large, kind to its animals五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Tuning in round the clock, via satellite or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peaceable place. But in some ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Re

22、port released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia registers a 40% drop in the number of armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in battle, down by 80%. While 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reig

23、nited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused. Yet measured in a different way, from the point of view of the half of the world“s population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place

24、, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the body bags in wartime, including in civil wars, even on DCAF“s figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women in an Insecure World“, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“. Violence a

25、gainst women is nothing new. DCAF“s contribution is to collate the many figures and estimatesnot all of them easily verifiable, it has to be saidon everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths, sex trafficking and domestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer

26、ones). According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are now demographically “missing“. This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are preferred; lack of food and medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fath

27、ers, husbands and sons; so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts of domestic violence. It implies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender-based violence. In other words, every two to four years the world looks away from a victim count on the scale o

28、f Hitler“s Holocaust. Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed or die from violence inflicted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor health care means that 600,000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a tol

29、l roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisation estimates that 6,000 girls a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures suggest that, around the world, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape

30、or attempted rape in her lifetime.（分数：10.00）(1).In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the author employs the device of_. A. comparison B. inversionC. contrast D. omission（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “contained“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.invo

31、lvedB.checkedC.embracedD.included(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.violence against women has been ignored since the 1960sB.many figures and estimates can not stand scrutiny concernedC.DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape in richer nationsD

32、.the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding(4).Hitler“s Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentioned in the text with the aim to_.（分数：2.00）A.provide a concrete concept of the statistics related to gender-based violence and poor health careB.exemplify the inhumane action conducted by

33、 German Nazi during World War C.count the victims who are now demographically “missing“D.take into the account women who are more liable to be maimed or die from violence(5).Which of the followings could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Women in a Poverty-stricken AreaB.Gender Gap in the Em

34、erging EconomiesC.Women in a Hazardous WorldD.Gendercide in the Western Countries六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you leave a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as pa

35、rt of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail

36、 could still be depended on now it was an ally ( of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure. Fearing the threat to its reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that import

37、s roughly half its gas and that Grard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be importing 80% of its gas by 2030-much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russia“s tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the world“s o

38、il, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the world“s dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate on the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative. Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the o

39、il embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing turmoil and a global recession. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5

40、m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out. With oil costing $ 60 a barrel, five times more than the nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the produ

41、cers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long today“s tight markets will last. “It took us a long time to get there and it will take us a long time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of

42、 Oil“ predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how worried consumers should be. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim

43、 realism, but not for outright panic.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “now“ of the first paragraph denotes_.（分数：2.00）A.because of the fact (that)B.for the time beingC.currentlyD.at present(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the text?（分数：2.00）A.Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the

44、 snow-covered northern EuropeB.The dispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply was restoredC.The risks for a gas-importing continent were exposed in the recent Russian-Ukrainian incidentD.Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative(3).USA, according to the tex

45、t, disapproved of Russian expedient in that_.（分数：2.00）A.most often it works wonderB.Americans never welcome EuropeansC.Russians hardly produce consuming stuffD.it depends heavily on oil import(4).According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers_.（分数：2.00）A.can not afford gas and oilB

46、.have encountered grim situationC.can avoid outright panicD.have had the upper hand(5).Based on the remarks made by Robin West, the current situation will_.（分数：2.00）A.vanishB.lingerC.aggravateD.rebound七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but

47、 the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared,“ claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was “an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality“, asserted a politician. The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 1830. On bo

48、th occasions, the object of scorn was a parliamentary bill that promised to sweep away “ antiquated“ licensing laws. As liberal regulations came into force this week, Britons on both sides of the debate unwittingly followed a 19th-century script. Reformers then, as now, took a benign view of human n

49、ature. Make booze cheaper and more readily available, said the liberalisers, and drinkers would develop sensible, continental European-style ways. Nonsense, retorted the critics. Habits are hard to change; if Britons can drink easily, they will drink more. Worryingly for modern advocates of liberalisation, earlier doomsayers turned out to be right. Between 1820 and 1840, consumption of malt (which is used to make beer) increased by more than 50%. Worse, Britons developed a keener taste for what Thomas Carlyle called “liquid m