【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-41及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions:(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids B. Build Your Kids“ Work Skills C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies F

2、. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are G. Build Your Kids“ Sense of Responsibility Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job“s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult“s need for rapid content, the transition from

3、 school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life uneasiness“. 1 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically revi

4、ew their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 1 Kids need a range of auth

5、entic role modelsas opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own fu

6、ture. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.“ They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. 3 Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching t

7、hem how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 4 Playing

8、video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead o

9、f pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 5 They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of in

10、adequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to

11、be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledg

12、ing adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.（分数：25.00）A. Create a new image of yourself B. Have confidence in yoursel

13、f C. Decide if the time is right D. Understand the context E. Work with professionals F. Make it efficient G. Know your goals No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Pr

14、inceton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between today“s workplace and the “dress for success“ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragment

15、ed. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the parad

16、ox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing. So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what“s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 6 As an executive coach, I

17、“ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitionswhen looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you“re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you“re not sure, ask for honest feedbac

18、k from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there“s no need for an upgrade and that“s OK. 7 Get clear on what impact you“re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more

19、 seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modem and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.“ (It“s OK to use characterizations like that.) 8 Look at your work environment

20、like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact. 9 Enlist the su

21、pport of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It“s not as expensive as you might think

22、. 10 The point of a style upgrade isn“t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one a

23、rticle of clothing at a time（分数：25.00）A. Analyzing your own taste B. Being cautious when experimenting C. Finding a model to follow D. Getting the final look absolutely right E. Learning to be realistic F. Making regular conscious choices G. How to judge people When we meet people for the first time

24、, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it“s something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confi

25、dence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it“s what“s inside that“s important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us. 11 For example, people often make the mistake of trying to

26、 look like someone else they“ve seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faultswe all have good points and bad pointsbut think in

27、stead about the best way to emphasize the good ones. 12 When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you“re likely to meet, when you“re going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activ

28、ity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there“s no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else“s idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself. 13 But to know your own mind, you have to

29、get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favorite items that you wear a lotmost people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look

30、 at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don“t wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme? 14 Some colors bring your natural coloring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new

31、 colors by all means, but remember that dressing in bright color when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it“s good to challenge those sometimes with new combina

32、tions or shades, take care not to go too far all at once. 15 So, you“ve chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your coloring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won“t achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has,

33、it won“t improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn“t fit perfectly, don“t buy it, because the finer details are just as

34、important as the overall style. Reappraising your image isn“t selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You“ll look better and you“ll feel a better person all round. And if in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian“s book Silent Messages to remind yourse

35、lf how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 percent on how we look and behave, 38 percent on how we speak and only 7 percent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn“t it time yo

36、u made the most of yourself?（分数：25.00）A. Breaking all constraints B. Timeline to execution C. The purpose of the decision D. Known unknowns and unknown unknowns E. Wrong is never permanent F. Resource accessibility G. Playing to self-interest Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, c

37、omplete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to “move the needle“ when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and profound impacts. Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision:

38、16 In the military, there was (and still is) a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link

39、 in the organization al chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and that“s not what a team or an organization is about. 17 Well, “never“ is a strong word, but you get the idea. I“ve said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how tha

40、t particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation. 18 There a

41、re internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you hav

42、e no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand. You want to ask yourself two questions. First, “Is now the right time to decide?“ If the answer is yes, then your next question is, “Am I capable of executing the decision?“ If the answer is no then ask “why?“ 19 These are the constra

43、ints surrounding the execution of your decisions. A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but can“t quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, you“re aware that rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours t

44、o travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but don“t know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can“t plan for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown. Try to identify all constraints as best you can so y

45、ou know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision. 20 If at first you don“t succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identify not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every deci

46、sion should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete. Decision-making can paralyze you if you“re not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.（

47、分数：25.00）考研英语(一)-41 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions:(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids B. Build Your Kids“ Work Skills C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis E. Help Kids Develop Coping Stra

48、tegies F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are G. Build Your Kids“ Sense of Responsibility Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job“s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult“s need for rapid content, the transit

49、ion from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life uneasiness“. 1 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 1 Kids need a