【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-36 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-36 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A: B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. What would you do with $590m? This is now a(n) U U 1 /U /Ufor Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old wi

2、dow who recently U U 2 /U /Ufrom her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest lottery in history. The blogosphere (the world of weblogs) is full of U U 3 /U /Ufor this lucky pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found money will U U 4 /U /Ulasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do

3、. U U 5 /U /Uthan read “Happy Money“ by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two U U 6 /U /Ushe teaches psychology at the University of British Columbia; he U U 7 /U /Uon marketing at Harvard Business School-use an array of behavioral research to show that the most U U 8 /U /Uways to spend money

4、can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve U U 9 /U /Uof fancy cars and palatial homes on remote seashores. U U 10 /U /Usatisfaction with these material purchases U U 11 /U /Ufairly quickly. What was U U 12 /U /Uexciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse U U 13 /U /Uin. It is fa

5、r better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, U U 14 /U /Umeals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with timeU U 15 /U /Ustories or memoriesparticularly if they involve feeling more U U 16 /U /Uto others.Readers of “H

6、appy Money“ are clearly a U U 17 /U /Ulot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the U U 18 /U /Ubetween feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor

7、people around the world, and U U 19 /U /Uenhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors ideas, but most people will come U U 20 /U /Ufrom this book believing it was money well spent.（分数：10.00）(1). A. problem B. question C. issue D. fact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

8、.(2). A. emerged B. acclaimed C. derived D. disappeared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. advice B. controversies C. opinions D. compassion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. stand B. manage C. indicate D. yield（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. worse B. better C. more D. less（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. professors B. contributors C.

9、 co-founders D. academics（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. competes B. marches C. takes D. lectures（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. boring B. challenging C. interesting D. rewarding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. senses B. intuitions C. visions D. ideas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. Thus B. Yet C. Hence D. Likewise（分数：0.50）A.B.

10、C.D.(11). A. falls out B. brings down C. wears off D. puts off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. quite B. never C. once D. even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. tracks B. dwells C. pours D. creeps（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. unique B. routine C. prepared D. regular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. as B. against C. for D. in（分数

11、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. interacted B. devoted C. associated D. connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. deprived B. privileged C. embarrassed D. middle-aged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. gap B. rate C. range D. link（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. scarcity B. deficit C. famine D. sufficiency（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. a

12、way B. along C. across D. about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“At Booz Allen, were shaping the future of cyber-security, “ trumpets a recruiting message on the website of Booz Allen Hamilton, a consulting and technology firm. It i

13、s hard to argue with that exaggeration right now. Edward Snowden, the man who revealed he was responsible for leaks about surveillance of American citizens by the National Security Agency (NSA), was a contractor working for Booz Allen. That has turned a spotlight on the extensive involvement of priv

14、ate firms in helping Americas spies to do their jobs. The affair could lead to changes in the way these relationships work.The role of firms such as Booz Allen in the intelligence arena and the flow of government cyber- tsars into tech companies are evidence of an emerging cyber-industrial complex i

15、n which the private and public sectors are intimately linked. Some will see this as a worrying development, noting that President Dwight Eisenhower used the term “military-industrial complex“ in a speech in 1961 to give warning about the dangers of too cosy a relationship between government, militar

16、y men and defence contractors.There are risks inherent in the cyber-industrial complex too. Mr. Snowdens leak will raise questions about just how watertight firms such as Booz Allen can keep their operations. There is also a theoretical risk that former officials might tap their friends in governmen

17、t to give their new employers an unfair advantage in bidding for federal contracts or to influence policy for commercial advantage.But there are also reasons why the cyber-industrial complex should, on balance, be welcomed. For a start, many talented but weird techies would refuse to work for govern

18、ment agencies. Better to have them work as contractors than not to enlist their talents at all. Deep-pocketed firms may also be best placed to attract rare birds such as data scientists.Because of the danger that online security threats pose, companies need to co-operate closely with government spie

19、s and crimebusters to counter them. Former cyber-officials can advise firms how best to do this. Moreover, if the government wants to continue to benefit from the savvy of its departing cyber- warriors, it can always hire their new firms.Government types can also help cyber-security firms and consul

20、tancies, which are prime targets for hackers, to protect their own operations better. Dmitri Alperovitch, a founder of CrowdStrike, a cyber- security company that hired Shawn Henry after he retired from a senior position at the FBI, says that in addition to working with clients Mr. Henry is also res

21、ponsible for CrowdStrikes own internal security.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that _. A. the Snowden incident was a heavy blow to Booz Allen Hamilton. B. private firms and government spies have long worked together. C. cooperation between the private and public sectors should b

22、e stopped. D. many failed to note the role of private firms in the intelligence arena.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some are worried about the cyber-industrial complex in that _. A. it is a duplicate of the military-industrial complex. B. the possible intimate link will pose potential risks. C. private and p

23、ublic sectors will conspire to monitor them. D. they will be deprived of the right to the freedom of speech.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One reason why the cyber-industrial complex should be welcomed is that _. A. it can create more job opportunities in America. B. it can enhance industrialization of IT res

24、earches. C. it is a good way to combat online security threats. D. it can prevent scandals like the Snowden incident.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Shawn Henry is mentioned in the last paragraph to _. A. demonstrate that he is one of the so-called government types. B. justify the intimate link between private

25、 and public sectors. C. show that companies closely cooperate with government. D. illustrate the help rendered by former officials to companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards the cyber-industrial complex is _. A. critical. B. supportive. C. objective. D. skeptical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

26、.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The sale of the Washington Post to Jeff Bezos is just the most recent episode in the decline and fall of professional journalism. By selling out to a mega-billionaire without any newspaper experience, the Graham family has put a priceless national asset at the mercy of a

27、single outsider. Perhaps Jeff Bezos will use his new plaything responsibly; perhaps not; if not, one of the few remaining sources of serious journalism will be lost.The crisis in the English-speaking world will turn into a catastrophe in smaller language zones. The English-speaking market is so larg

28、e that advertisers will pay a lot to gain access to the tens of millions of readers who regularly click onto the New York Times or the Guardian. But the Portuguese-reading public is far too small to support serious journalism on the internet. What happens to Portuguese democracy when nobody is willi

29、ng to pay for old-fashioned newspapers?The blogosphere cant be expected to take up the Uslack/U. First-class reporting on national and international affairs isnt for amateurs. It requires lots of training and lots of contacts and lots of expenses. It also requires reporters with the well-honed capac

30、ity to write for a broad audience. The modem newspaper created the right incentives, but without a comparable business model for the new technology, blogging will degenerate into a postmodern nightmare-with millions spouting off without any concern for the facts.We cant afford to wait for the invisi

31、ble hand to come up with a new way to provide economic support for serious journalism. To be sure, the financial press has proved moderately successful in persuading readers to pay for online access; and mainstream media are now trying to emulate this success. But if tens of millions of readers dont

32、 surrender to the charms of PayPaland quicklynow is the time for some creative thinking. For starters, it would be a mistake to rely on a BBC-style solution. After all it is one thing for government to serve as a major source of news; quite another to give it a virtual monopoly on reporting.Enter th

33、e Internet news voucher. Under our proposal, each news article on the web will end by asking readers whether it contributed to their political understanding. If so, they can click the yes-box, and send the message to a National Endowment for Journalismwhich would obtain an annual appropriation from

34、the government. This money would be distributed to news .organization s on the basis of a strict mathematical formula: the more clicks, the bigger the check from the Endowment. This way, serious journalism will succeed in gaining mass support. Common sense, as well as fundamental liberal values, cou

35、nsels against any governmental effort to regulate the quality of news.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in the first two paragraphs that _. A. it was a mercy that Jeff Bezos took over the valueless Washington Post. B. the decline of professional journalism has been around for a while. C. the decline of En

36、glish will have a huge impact on other languages. D. professional journalism has been put at risk by the internet boom.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “slack“ (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means _. A. fund shortage for journalism. B. crisis in journalistic English. C. decline of serious journalism.

37、D. lack of support for journalism.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to paragraph 3, first-class reporting is _. A. highly demanding. B. for professionals only. C. declining in quality. D. notoriously degenerating.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author holds that the BBC-style is not a good solution because _.

38、 A. it is not as creative as it should be. B. the invisible hand is not workable. C. it does not appeal to all the people. D. the news reporting is controlled.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What do we know about the Internet news voucher? A. It may help the public enhance political understanding. B. It will b

39、e funded and thus controlled by the government. C. It may be a good way to revive serious journalism. D. It will spread liberal values and save serious journalism.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is-“the thing with fe

40、athers,“ as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, its also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen, its also much

41、more attainable than it seems.In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades

42、earned, sales made, widgets manufactured etc When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers: “Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14% of work productivity an

43、d 12% of academic achievement. “Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super- bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed “law of attraction,“ which in this case means that just having positive thoughts abo

44、ut wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. “This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough,“ Lopez says.But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope-it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective

45、 hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will

46、 allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them.Its far too much to say that effective hoping is the onlyor even the biggestpart of what it takes to succeed. If 14% of business

47、 productivity can be attributed to hope, which means 86% is dependent on raw talent, capricious business cycles, the quality of the product youre selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, its a catalyzing, energizing one-the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers-but its also the thing with power.（分数：10.00）(1).Hope is believed to be “the thing with feathers“ because _. A. it can inspire us. B. it is dull an