【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷99及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷99及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷99及答案解析.doc（12页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 99 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is

2、regarded as “all too human“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely. But a study by Sarach Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The resea

3、rchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services“ than males. Suc

4、h characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed

5、 in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods(are much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for he

6、r token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the

7、 mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperati

8、on is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of

9、fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems for the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying an as

10、sumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon(2).The statement “it is all too monkey“(Last line, Para. 1)implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkeysnatureC.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other t

11、han monkeys can develop such emotions(3).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_.（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researchersinstructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions(4).Dr

12、. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys_.（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from other(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys

13、 can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but

14、the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million s

15、mokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is defi

16、nitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: “Science never has all the answer. But science does provide us

17、 with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. “ Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the scie

18、nce about global warming is incomplete; that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. For

19、tunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. They continue to press for more research, a classic of “paralysis by analysis“. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press f

20、orward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial ince

21、ntives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.（分数：10.00）(1).An argument made by sup

22、porters of smoking was that_.（分数：2.00）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

23、(2).According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as_.（分数：2.00）A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“(Last line, Para. 4)?（分数：2.00）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Exte

24、nsive research helps decision-making.(4).According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative measures.(5).The author

25、 associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because_.（分数：2.00）A.they both suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to worseOf all the components

26、of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the lat

27、e 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line“. And one leading auth

28、ority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but to help us sleep and feel better. “Its your dream, “ says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center, “If you dont like it, change it. “ Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The b

29、rain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system(the “emotional brain“)is specially active, while the prefrontal

30、cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day,“ says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most

31、people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance

32、of the days eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end in

33、stead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in pa

34、nic, “ Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dream

35、on it and youll feel better in the morning.（分数：10.00）(1).Researchers have come to believe that dreams_.（分数：2.00）A.can be modified in their coursesB.are susceptible to emotional changesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs(2).By referring to the limbic syst

36、em, the author intends to show_.（分数：2.00）A.its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the relation of dreams to emotionsD.its difference from the prefrontal cortex(3).The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_.（分数：2.00）A.aggravate in our unconscious mindB.develop into happy

37、 dreamsC.persist till the time we fall asleepD.show up in dreams early at night(4).Cartwright seems to suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under controlC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.drea

38、ming may not entirely belong to the unconscious(5).What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?（分数：2.00）A.Lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in sp

39、eech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing, The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John Mc Whorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and

40、conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic speciality is language history and change, and h

41、e sees the gradual disappearance of “whom“, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing“, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the mode

42、stly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and writte

43、n English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mc Whorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle: Why We Should, Like, Care. A

44、s a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight becau

45、se we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. Mc Whorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly

46、necessary, and proposes no radical educational reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English on “paper plates instead of china“. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal

47、 English_.（分数：2.00）A.is inevitable in radical education reformsB.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s(2).The word “talking“(Line 5, Para. 3)denotes_.（分数：2.00）A.modestyB.personalityC

48、.livelinessD.informality(3).To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertainin

49、g.D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.(4).The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors_.（分数：2.00）A.interest in their languageB.appreciation of their effortsC.admiration for their memoryD.contempt for their old-fashionedness(5).According to the last paragraph, “paper plates“ to “china“ is as_.（分数：2.00）A.temporary to “permanent“B.radical to “conservative“C.functional to “artistic“D.humble to “noble“考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 99 答案解析(总分：4