【考研类试卷】考博英语-89及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-89 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A recent study examined men“s attitudes to women, life goals and gender roles and the findings indicate that the popular image of men as insensitive, macho slobs has almost disappeared. The report found t

2、hat modem British men have accepted the feminist revolution and have become more feminine in the process. “Men have turned into metrosexuals.“ Paradoxically, the term “metrosexual“, which is now being embraced by marketers, was coined in the mid-90“s to mock everything marketers stand for. Mark Simp

3、son used the word to satirize what he saw as consumerism“s toll on traditional masculinity. Men didn“t go to shopping malls, buy glossy magazines or load up on grooming products, Mr. Simpson argued, so consumer culture promoted the idea of a sensitive guywho went to malls, bought magazines and spent

4、 freely to improve his personal appearance. Within a few years, British advertisers and newspapers picked up the term. In 2001, Britain“s Channel Four brought out a show about sensitive guys called “metrosexuality“. And in recent years the European media found a metrosexual icon in David Beckham, th

5、e English soccer star, who paints his fingernails, braids his hair and poses for gay magazines, all while maintaining a manly profile on the pitch. The challenge of the marketers is still to convince men that it is perfectly normal to groom. What separates the modern-day metrosexual is a care-free a

6、ttitude toward the inevitable suspicion that a man who dresses well, has good manners, or has opinions on women“s fashion is gay. Some metrosexuals may simply be indulging in pursuits they had avoided for fear of being suspected as gay.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the text, men _.（分数：4.00）A.have rejec

7、ted the feminist view of themselvesB.accept the need to groomC.now have new attitudes of themselves and womenD.have adopted many characteristics formerly thought of as women“s(2).The best definition of the term “metrosexual“ would be _.（分数：4.00）A.a consumer who shops for feminine productsB.a man who

8、 grooms himself the same way as a womanC.a man who is halfway between a heterosexual and a homosexualD.a heterosexual who has feminine sensitivities and habits(3).From the second paragraph we can conclude that the term “metrosexual“ _.（分数：4.00）A.was not originally a marketing termB.only became popul

9、ar in the mid-ninetiesC.was invented by marketersD.was actually meant to describe gay men(4).According to the text, the metrosexual“s attitude towards fashion _.（分数：4.00）A.is only a way of distinguishing themselvesB.is a consequence of a new tolerance for pursuits that were though of as gayC.is a ca

10、refree attitude that seems unconcerned about society“s reactionD.is connected to hip-hop culture(5).What is the text mainly about?（分数：4.00）A.A new emerging type of fashion trend.B.A new way of classifying the modern man.C.How a metrosexual differs form a heterosexual.D.The background and description

11、 of the “metrosexual“.三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other

12、 can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist“s accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance

13、, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The

14、lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion“, or “Hound Dog“, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and s

15、ignificant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A

16、poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem“s visionon pain of writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often

17、 to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music _.（分数：4.00）A.is a debatable topicB.can be made but in a limited wayC.is indisputable if

18、you analyse historyD.needs to be acknowledged more by poets(2).The author cites Beowulf in order to show that _.（分数：4.00）A.the distance between song and poetry is not so greatB.a song like Beowulf can sound like a poemC.English poetry is highly connected to songsD.songs generally evolve into poetry

19、over time(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?（分数：4.00）A.The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry.B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.C.The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated.D.It is the

20、 time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.(4).A poem or a song can be significant when _.（分数：4.00）A.it is done by a faithful writerB.the writer has a personal vision of the poem or songC.it is written within the vision of the poem, song, poet or songwriterD.the writer

21、is willing to go outside of the vision(5).In the text, the author focuses on _.（分数：4.00）A.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetryB.the various ways songs and poems are similarC.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre onesD.how to evaluate a poem and

22、 a song“s value from a lyrical standpoint四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Whatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4.5 baths and 7.5 showers each week and in the ranks of non-edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks second, r

23、ight after toilet paper. We spend more than $700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the bonds h

24、olding dirt to the skin. Unless you“re using a germicidal soap, it usually doesn“t kill the bacteriasoap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless you“re in a Third World country where infectious diseases are common, or you have open

25、 sores on your skin, the dirt and bacteria aren“t going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover, if

26、 the water is hotter than normal body temperature, the body attempts to shed heat by expanding the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, lessening the circulatory system“s resistance to blood flow, and dropping blood pressure gently. A bath is also the most effective way to hydrate the skin. T

27、he longer you soak, the more water gets into the skin and because soap lowers the surface tension of the water, it helps you hydrate rapidly and remove dry skin flakes. However, in a bath, all the dirt and grime and the soap in which it“s suspended float on the surface. So when you stand up, it cove

28、rs your body like a film. The real solution is to take a bath and then rinse off with a shower, however, after leaving a tub or freshly exposed skin becomes a playground for microbes. In two hours, you probably have as many bacteria on certain parts of the body, such as the armpits, as before the ba

29、th.（分数：20.00）(1).The statement “Americans bathe zealously“ (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest to saying _.（分数：4.00）A.Americans bathe wastefullyB.Americans are rather ambivalent to bathingC.Americans bathe with intense enthusiasmD.Americans bathe too much(2).Which of the following is mentioned as one of th

30、e benefits of bathing?（分数：4.00）A.Dry skins flakes will disappear from the body once you get out of the bathtub.B.It kills bacteria better than showering.C.It reduces your blood circulation if it is nice and warm.D.The floating action can reduce the stress on your muscles.(3).According to the text, b

31、athing removes dry skin flakes because _.（分数：4.00）A.the soap draw it off the bodyB.the skin hydratesC.the circulation of blood expands skin particlesD.the change in blood pressure releases the film(4).A bath will not kill the bacteria from your body even if _.（分数：4.00）A.you use a germicidal soapB.us

32、e an anti-bacterial soapC.you use soap to scrub it vigorouslyD.you are under special treatment for it(5).We can infer from this text that the author believes _.（分数：4.00）A.the real benefits of bathing are psychological not hygienicB.bathing is superior to taking showerC.buying soap is a waste of mone

33、yD.we do not need to bathe as much as we do currently五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Very soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives. This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them. There“s a growing gap between our

34、 technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding. We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous. The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred y

35、ears are nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and biotechnology. The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous. In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain

36、 by the year 2010. The only thing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win. If you“re fighting against technology that is that much smarter than you, you probably will not win. We“ve all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating

37、until the world has been reduced to sticky goo, and certainly in biotechnology, we“ve really got a big problem because it“s converging with nanotechnology. Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotechenabled bacteria, we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek

38、, and those superhuman organisms might not like US very much. We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows. The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically

39、 a good. We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.（分数：20.00）(1).From the text, we know that the author“s greatest worry is _.（分数：4.00）A.our lack of technological understanding of the process involvedB.our lack of technological capabilityC.creating techn

40、ology without really understanding the issuesD.our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create(2).It can be inferred from the text that the author _.（分数：4.00）A.thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technologyB.is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be us

41、ed positivelyC.thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriouslyD.believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically(3).Why does the author say it is not feasible in the film Terminator that the humans win?（分数：4.00）A.Because the power of the technology was

42、 exaggerated.B.Because the strength of the machines would be much greater.C.Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.D.Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.(4).The mixing of nanotech with organisms may _.（分数：4.00）A.produce dangerous viruses capab

43、le of killing many peopleB.produce creatures that are unfriendly to humansC.upset our balance of natureD.reduce the world to sticky glue(5).The author“s attitude toward the emerging technologies is _.（分数：4.00）A.criticalB.skepticalC.provocativeD.alarmist六、Text 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The long, wet summer he

44、re in the northeastem U.S. notwithstanding, there“s a world shortage of pure, flesh water. As demand for water hits the limits of finite supply, potential conflicts are brewing between nations that share transboundary freshwater reserves. Many people ask why we cannot simply take it from the sea, us

45、ing our sophisticated technology of desalinization. But a good water supply must be hygienically safe and pleasant tasting and water containing salt would corrode machinery used in manufacturing in addition to producing chemical impurities. Since more than 95% of our water sits in the salty seas, ma

46、n is left to face the reality that most water on the surface of the earth is not available for US. One very feasible way of sustaining our supply of freshwater is to protect the ecology of our mountains. Mountains and water go together, a fact to which Secretary General Kofi Annan has drawn attentio

47、n more than once. From 30% to 60% of downstream flesh water in humid areas and up to 95% in arid and semi-arid environments are supplied by mountains. Without interference nature has its own way of purifying watereven though chlorination and filtration are still necessary as a precaution. In a mount

48、ainous area, aeration, due to turbulent flow and waterfalls, causes an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the water. Agriculture, industry, hydroelectric generators and homes that need water to drink and for domestic use depend on these resources and, thus, we must protect mountainous area

49、s as a means of survival.（分数：20.00）(1).The author of this text states that _.（分数：4.00）A.the problem of obtaining good drinking water has plagued man throughout timeB.palatability is synonymous with purity of waterC.most of the world“s water is unusable as a water supplyD.man no longer depends on desalinization for his water supply(2).The author believes that industry avoids salt water because _.（分数：4.00）A.water is needed for livestockB.crops must be considered before man-made productsC.it is used in