【考研类试卷】考博英语-75及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-75 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in E

2、ngland. “One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important

3、business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or a

4、bout 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make mor

5、e pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables peop

6、le to produce more of what they already have.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to _.（分数：4.00）A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes of the divis

7、ion of labor(2).Adam Smith saw that the division of labor _.（分数：4.00）A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.increased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced(3).Adam Smith mentioned the num

8、ber 4,800 in order to _.（分数：4.00）A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the importance of increased production(4).According to the writer, Adam Smith“s mistake was in believing that divi

9、sion of labor _.（分数：4.00）A.was an efficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods(5).Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Adam S

10、mith, the English EconomistB.The Theory of Division of LaborC.Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the

11、Corporation“s news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, reli

12、gion, parliamentary coverage, children“s programmes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 pounds per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBC“s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for

13、the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBCincluding ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and e

14、ven whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC“s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quoting the American slogan “If i

15、t ain“t broke, don“t fix it.“ The BBC “ain“t broke“, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke“, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channe

16、lsTV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Government“s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channelsfunded partly by advertising and partly by viewers“ subscriptionswhich will b

17、ring about the biggest changes in the long term.（分数：20.00）(1).The world famous BBC now faces _.（分数：5.00）A.the problem of new coverageB.an uncertain prospectC.inquiries by the general publicD.shrinkage of audience(2).In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key iss

18、ue?（分数：5.00）A.Extension of its TV service to Far East.B.Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.C.Potentials for further international co-operations.D.Its existence as a broadcasting organization.(3).The BBC“s “royal charter“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) stands for _.（分数：5.00）A.the financial supp

19、ort from the royal familyB.the privileges granted by the QueenC.a contract with the QueenD.a unique relationship with the royal family(4).The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than _.（分数：5.00）A.the emergence of commercial TV channelsB.the enforcement of Broadcasting Act

20、by the governmentC.the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobsD.the challenge of new satellite channels四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can“t be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where

21、 their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always had is discriminatio

22、n. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst

23、discrimination today is shown towards the Indians. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New Yo

24、rk. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group. Alt

25、hough some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country. Many peo

26、ple still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people f

27、rom all racial groups to remain a great country.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?（分数：4.00）A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C.All races in t

28、he United States have helped make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.(2).In the first paragraph the word “told“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known(3).This passage implies that dis

29、crimination is a problem which _.（分数：4.00）A.many races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States(4).The main reason why the India

30、ns are most discriminated against is that _.（分数：4.00）A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identityD.they discriminate many other races(5).The Dutch live separately in Pe

31、nnsylvania _.（分数：4.00）A.to escape discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire di

32、d not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would bum itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do existis

33、not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house

34、because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may

35、get cancer! The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming s

36、traight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well. In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have ex

37、amined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.（分数：20.00）(1).Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if _.（分数：4.00）A.they were given no warning beforehandB.they had never bur

38、nt themselvesC.they had no sense of painD.they were fearful of the fire(2).A really fearless soldier _.（分数：4.00）A.is of little use to the armyB.is without equalC.is nothing but a dead soldierD.easily gets killed in a battle(3).Fear should be used properly because _.（分数：4.00）A.an airplane may crash o

39、n your houseB.you may get cancerC.fear can only be used as a servant and guideD.men are now letting fear rule them too much(4).People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because _.（分数：4.00）A.they have gained experienceB.they jump out of the way in timeC.they are calm in face of dangerD.they

40、are warned of the danger and can take quick action(5).Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?（分数：4.00）A.Fear is always something helpful.B.Too much fear is harmful.C.Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide.D.Fear is something unprofitable.六、Text 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Thirty-one

41、million Americans are over 60 years of age, and twenty-nine million of them are healthy, busy, productive citizens. By the year 2030, one in every five people in the United States will be over 60. Elderly people are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country. Many call this the “graying

42、 of America“. In 1973, a group called the “Gray Panthers“ was organized. This group is made up of young and old citizens. They are Wing to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. The Gray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems: some cannot walk well, others can

43、not see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast that the elderly can“t afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid and have safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of the death of a husband or a

44、 wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to be as independent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the special problems of the elderly. The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman in her late 70s. She travels across the U

45、nited States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One of the problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do not encourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elders who need constant medical care shoul

46、d be in nursing homes. Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends lots of time talking to groups of older Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible. She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have chil

47、dren around them. This helps elders to stay young at heart.（分数：20.00）(1).What health problems do many elderly have?（分数：4.00）A.They feel lonely.B.They are suffering from cancer.C.They cannot walk or see or hear well.D.They have got heart problems.(2).Nursing homes _.（分数：4.00）A.are good for elders who

48、 need constant medical careB.help keep elders youngC.are set up for training nursesD.are places where small children are taken care of(3).Maggie Kuhn travels across the United States in order to _ elders.（分数：4.00）A.collect money forB.show concerns forC.find houses forD.educate people to help(4).One

49、of the problems Maggie Kuhn talks about is _.（分数：4.00）A.why elders should be taken care ofB.where and how elders liveC.who needs medical careD.how to improve education in the USA(5).Maggie Kuhn encourages elders to _.（分数：4.00）A.live in nursing homesB.travel moreC.live with younger peopleD.do some house work考博英语-75 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the divisio