【考研类试卷】考博英语-73 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-73 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.In the 1944 election, Senator Harry. S. Truman of Missouri had distinguished himself by investigating fraud and waste among war contractors.（分数：1.00）A.discordB.deviationC.deceptionD.distortion2.The young man who saw the car _ i

2、nto the river telephoned the police.（分数：1.00）A.plungedB.plungeC.was plungingD.to plunge3.The Canadian unions tend to strive for wage parity, with their counterparts in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.equalityB.promotionC.criterionD.stipulation4.Some of these basketball teams were criticized for present

3、ing demeaning images of black players.（分数：1.00）A.depressingB.degradingC.depreciatingD.declining5.We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always _.（分数：1.00）A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight6.When the new assembly line is complete, the factory will turn _ one thous

4、and cars per day.（分数：1.00）A.inB.offC.outD.over7.This platform would collapse if all of us _ on it.（分数：1.00）A.standB.stoodC.would standD.had stood8.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon _ you dont mind walking for half an hour.（分数：1.00）A.unlessB.so far asC.exceptD.if9.In 1931, Joseph Stal

5、in invited George Washington Carver to superintend cotton plantations in southern Russia and to make a tour of the Soviet Union, but he refused.（分数：1.00）A.superviseB.cultivateC.upgradeD.discern10.Through most city traffic is regulated by automatic traffic lights, the citys residents are notorious fo

6、r ignoring them.（分数：1.00）A.disgracefulB.infamousC.offensiveD.awkward二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.His elder sister, who works in the supermarket, is still on the shelf.（分数：1.00）A.童心未泯B.取货C.没出嫁D.休息12.He is said to be equal to any task whatever.（分数：1.00）A.负责B.胜任C.疲于应付D.同等对待13.Those guys are contin

7、ually quarrelling, but it is usually a storm in a teacup.（分数：1.00）A.不欢而散B.小题大做C.不可开交D.无事生非14.The United States was trying hard to smoke the enemy out of the holes in the target country.（分数：1.00）A.对敌人施以地毯式轰炸B.将敌人熏死在洞中C.引诱敌人出洞D.向洞中的敌人投掷毒气弹15.He kept throwing us an apple of discord, we soon quarreled a

8、gain.（分数：1.00）A.(评判)不公B.(挑起) 争端C.(分赃)不均D.背叛16.Whenever we come to stay with them, we just live like fighting cocks.（分数：1.00）A.在争吵中度日B.吃不到任何好东西C.吃得到最好的东西D.自由自在17.The man told me under rose that he often took trouble on your account.（分数：1.00）A.不辞劳苦B.挑剔C.打理D.惹麻烦18.I was shocked to learn that such an em

9、inent professor was ignorant to a proverb.（分数：1.00）A.普遍现象B.令人吃惊C.成语D.众所周知19.There are quite a few people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage.（分数：1.00）A.蝇头小利B.一锅粥C.眼前利益D.钱财20.There are always a lot of straw polls before the general election of the President in the U

10、nited States.（分数：1.00）A.无效投票B.拉拢选票C.民意测验D.正式投票三、BSection C/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)21.STANZA: POEM（分数：1.00）A.duet: chorusB.rhyme: verseC.passage: articleD.act: opera22.MATRIX: NUMBERS（分数：1.00）A.gas: moleculesB.insurance: securitiesC.crystal: atomsD.base: athletics23.AESTKETICS: BEAUTY（分数：1.00）A.theology:

11、moralsB.psychology: anxietyC.physiology: natureD.epistemology: knowledge24.GLIMMER: DAZZLE（分数：1.00）A.hit: strikeB.recede: abandonC.murmur: resoundD.muse: ponder25.GOAD: DIRECT（分数：1.00）A.exhort: suggestB.instruct: teachC.persuade: convinceD.conspire: plan26.ECHO: SOUND（分数：1.00）A.reflection: lightB.mi

12、crophone: hearingC.conservation: talkD.implication: tone27.EGG: CHICKEN（分数：1.00）A.pearl: oysterB.roe: salmonC.fur: tigerD.bark: tree28.ADULTERATE: PURE（分数：1.00）A.outstanding: excellentB.embellish: austereC.mosquito: bloodD.concentrate: part29.SLICE: CAKE（分数：1.00）A.mince: onionB.core: appleC.peel: pe

13、achD.crave: turkey30.COIN: DENOMINATION（分数：1.00）A.book: titleB.officer: rankC.tree: woodD.doctor: nurse31.EDUCATE: CHILD（分数：1.00）A.cultivate: cropB.quench: fireC.secure: possessionD.care: doctor32.FLOWER: VIOLET（分数：1.00）A.stone: magentaB.pear: fruitC.cabbage: greenD.gem: turquoise33.SCISSORS: TAILOR

14、（分数：1.00）A.brush: painterB.computer: writerC.wagon: farmerD.saw: carpenter34.CLAY: PORCELAIN（分数：1.00）A.flax: linenB.sand: sedimentC.computer: programD.soup: luncheon35.PERPLEXED: CLARIFICATION（分数：1.00）A.relaxed: recreationB.learned: professionC.anxious: reassuranceD.upset: confidence四、BPart Reading

15、(总题数：5，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 3655, you are to choose the one best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.BPassage

16、One/BThe military aspect of the United States Civil War has always attracted the most attention from scholars. The roar of gunfire, the massed movements of uniformed men, the shrill of bugles, and the drama of hand-to-hand combat have fascinated students of warfare for a century. Behind the lines, h

17、owever, life was less spectacular. It was the story of back-breaking labor to provide the fighting men with food and arms, of nerve-tingling uncertainty about the course of national events, of heartbreak over sons or brothers or husbands lost in battle. If the men on the firing line won the victorie

18、s, the means to those victories were forged on the home front.Never in the nations history hid Americans worked harder for victory than in the Civil War. Northerners and Southerners alike threw themselves into the task of supplying their respective armies. Both governments made tremendous demands up

19、on civilians and, in general, received willing cooperation.By 1863 the Northern war economy was rumbling along in high gear. Everything from steamboats to shovels was needed and produced. Denied Southern cotton, textile mills turned to wool for blankets and uniforms. Hides by the hundreds of thousan

20、ds were turned into wool for blankets and uniforms. Hides by the hundreds of thousands were turned into shoes and harness and daddies; ironworks manufactured locomotives, ordnance, armor plate. While private enterprise lagged, the government set up its own factories or arsenals. Agriculture boomed,

21、with machinery doing the job of farm workers drawn into the army.In short, everything that a nation needed to fight a modern war was produced in uncounted numbers. Inevitably there were profiteers with gold-headed canes and flamboyant diamond stickpins, but for every crooked tycoon there were thousa

22、nds of ordinary citizens living on fixed incomes who did their best to cope with rising prices and still made a contribution to the war effort. Those who could bought war bonds; others knitted, sewed, nursed, or lent any other assistance in their power.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following is implied

23、by the writer of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.The students of the Civil War usually concentrate on the economy.B.The families of the Civil War are extremely worried about their living.C.The students of the Civil War usually concentrate on the battlefield.D.The families of the Civil War are extremely worr

24、ied about the government.(2).With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?（分数：1.00）A.the civilian response to the Civil WarB.the causes of the Civil WarC.where the Civil War battles were foughtD.why the South lost the Civil War(3).The word “tycoon“ in the last paragraph is _.（分数：1.00）A.derived

25、 from a Japanese word, meaning a businessman with great wealth and powerB.an English translation of a Russian word, meaning a man of great consequenceC.borrowed from Portuguese, meaning an industrialist with a great sum of money obtained illegallyD.rarely used now because of its derogatory meaning(4

26、).According to the passage, during the Civil War the South no longer provided the North with（分数：1.00）A.cottonB.shoesC.hidesD.woolBPassage Two/BThe vegetative forms of most bacteria are killed by drying in air, although the different species exhibit pronounced differences in their resistance. The tub

27、ercle bacillus is one of the more resistant, and vibrio cholera is one of the more sensitive to drying. In general, the encapsulated organisms are more resistant than the non-encapsulated forms. Spores are quite resistant to drying; the spores of the anthrax bacillus, for example, will germinate aft

28、er remaining in a dry condition for ten years or more. The resistance of the pathogenic forms causing disease of the upper respiratory tract is of particular interest in connection with airborne infection, for the length of time that a droplet remains infective is a result, primarily, of the resista

29、nce of the particular microorganism to drying.（分数：4.00）(1).Tuberculosis is highly infectious because _.（分数：1.00）A.spores are resistant to dryingB.the causative organism is encapsulated.C.droplets of sputum remain infective for a long time due to the resistance of the organisms to drying.D.none of th

30、ese.(2).The passage uses the term “vegetative forms“ to refer to _.（分数：1.00）A.plants that infest human habitationsB.the feet that bacteria are really vegetablesC.the growing stage of the bacteria as opposed to the dormant stageD.the difficulty in classifying the types of bacteria(3).According to the

31、 passage, the risk of infection from airborne microorganisms would likely be greater during a _.（分数：1.00）A.heatwaveB.time of high humidityC.windless periodD.shortage of fuel oil(4).It may be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.bacteria can be most easily killed by removal of moisture.B.dryin

32、g out a house will eliminate the risk of airborne infection.C.hot-air heating is better than steam heating because steam heating uses water.D.none of the above.BPassage Three/BThe history of Western music properly begins with the music of the Christian, Church. But all through the Middle Ages and ev

33、en to the present time men have continually turned back to Greece and Rome for instruction, for correction, and for inspiration in their several fields of work; this has been true in music-though with some important differences. R6man literature, for example, never ceased to exert influence in the M

34、iddle Ages, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known, at the same time, too, the surviving literature of Greece was gradually recovered. But in literature, as well as in some other fields (notably sculpture), medieval or Rena

35、issance artists had the advantage of being able to study and, if they so desired, imitate the models of antiquity. The actual poems or statues were before them. In music this was not so. The Middle Ages did not possess a single example of Greek or Roman music-nor, it may be added, are we today much

36、better off. About a dozen examples-half of them were fragments-of Greek music have been discovered, nearly all from comparatively late periods, but there is no general agreement as to just how they were meant to sound; there are no authentic remains of ancient Roman music. So we, as well as the men

37、of medieval times, derive nearly all our knowledge of this art in the ancient civilizations at second hand from a few rather vague accounts of performances, but mostly from theatrical treatises and literary descriptions.（分数：4.00）(1).The influence of Greece and Rome became greater in the fourteenth a

38、nd fifteenth century because _.（分数：1.00）A.Roman and Greek works were better than the those of medieval Christian churchB.Roman and Greek works were different from Medieval worksC.the Roman and Greek music became knownD.a lot of Roman and Greek works were discovered(2).Artists in the period of Renais

39、sance had the advantage of being able to study Roman and Greek literature and sculpture because _.（分数：1.00）A.they could obtain the first-hand materialsB.they could understand Greek and LatinC.they were more intelligent than modern menD.they were inspired by Roman and Greek literature(3).In the passa

40、ge the author implied that _.（分数：1.00）A.music did not exist before the Middle AgesB.we were not better off than the Greek and Roman menC.there was not enough evidence to prove that Western music was originated from the ancient Greece and RomeD.there were no authentic remains of the ancient Roman mus

41、ic(4).Men could directly turn back to Greece and Rome for instruction, for correction, and for inspiration in the following fields of their work except _.（分数：1.00）A.sculptureB.dramaC.poetryD.musicBPassage Four/BMycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many p

42、lants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.

43、 Despite these difficulties, there has been important new Work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less-soluble rock phosphate. Mycorrhizal benefits are not lim

44、ited to improved phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, mycorrhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation beyond levels achieved by adding phosphate fertilizer alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the host plants resistance to harmful root fungi. Whether this resistance re

45、sults from exclusion of harmful fungi through competition for sites, from metabolic change involving antibiotic production, or from increased vigor is undetermined.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following most accurately describes the passage?（分数：1.00）A.a description of a replicable experimentB.a refutat

46、ion of an earlier hypothesisC.a summary report of new findingsD.a confirmation of earlier research(2).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following has been a factor influencing the extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has progressed?（分数：1.00）A.lack of funding for such res

47、earchB.lack of immediate application of such researchC.difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study.D.lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal fungi(3).The level of information in the passage above is suited to the needs of all of the following people except _.（分数：1.00）A

48、.an official of a research foundation who identifies research projects for potential fundingB.a state official whose position requires her to alert farmers about possible innovations in farmingC.a researcher whose job is to identify potentially profitable areas for research and product developmentD.

49、a botanist conducting experiments to determine the relationship between degree of mycorrhizal infection and expected uptake of phosphate(4).The passage suggests which of the following about the increased resistance to harmful root fungi that some plants infected with mycorrhizal fungi seem to exhibit?（分数：1.00）A.There are at least three hypotheses that might account for the increase.B.The plants that Show increased resistance also exhibit improv