【考研类试卷】考博英语-628及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-628 及答案解析(总分：107.52，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.00)1.I would like to get another table like this one, but the company that made it is out of _.A. order B. business C. practice D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very _.A inte

2、lligible B obscure C dim D conspicuous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great man was lost .A. casualty B. catastrophe C. catalogue D. crusade（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.It was a type of urban story that continues to _ big-city dwellers forward

3、 each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into ones own hands to make dreams come true.A. propel B. penetrate C. baffle D. harness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.A physical examination is a _ to joining the army.A. parliamentary B. preliminary C. elementary D. complementary（分

4、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The world-famous British Museum which houses a _ collection of valuable books, paintings, works of arts, etc. attracts millions of visitors every year.A. immersible B. miscellaneous C. overwhelming D. unified（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7._ how the immature brain prevents seizure-induced cell i

5、njury or death could lead to new methods to reduce or prevent seizure damage in adults.A. To understand B. To be understoodC. Having been understood D. Understanding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The nation-wide economic slowdown worsened the _ between employer and employee.A connection B relationship C associa

6、tion D acquaintance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.The editors said they must report to the world how Beijing has _ pollution and improved the quality of the environment.A. cut up B. cut off C. cut down D. cut out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.We need more men of culture and enlightment because we have too many _ among US.

7、A. students B. laymen C. pragmatists D. philosophers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to_any future need for busing.A. significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, r

8、educesB. significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reducesC. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reducesD. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.You can _ your story by leaving out some unimportant details.

9、A. abridge B. rewrite C. reveal D. change（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He couldnt_his curiosity to see what was in the box.A. retain B. restrain C. restrict D. represent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It was _ for him to wear a T-shirt at the reception.A. out of place B. out of question C. out of order D. out of practice

10、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matte r and not survival itself.A. crucial B. central C. casual D. causal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.To give top _ to health is to prolong your life and enjoy your life.A. sup

11、eriority B. priority C. inferiority D. minority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.In the_of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to 30 million.A. face B. time C. event D. course（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.While watching television, _.A. the telephone rang B. we heard the telephone ringC. we hear

12、d the telephone rang D. the telephone was rung（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.He claimed $ 1 million_ from his boss for the loss of his left leg while at work.A. payment B. check C. damages D. income（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.The ex-president had been _ in the country to refresh his mind before he passed away.A. given

13、 to walking B. given a walkC. given for a walk D. giving a walk（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Many people think of deserts as _regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.Aremote Bvirgin Calien Dbarren（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.Mr. Carson thought he was entitled to more assistance f

14、rom the government.A. had received B. had a right to C. would obtain D. might apply for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my _ and have dinner with me.A. resentment B. requirement C. request D. reservatio

15、n（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be_.A. broken out B. cancelled out C. ruled out D. wiped out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.I want to talk about all these points in _ order of importance.A. declining B. descending C. plunging D. falling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Sp

16、ecial may be too impoverished a word to describe this triumph for a man who climbed to the pinnacle of sport from _ beginnings as the sponsor of a roller-hockey team.A. providential B. illicit C. obscure D. urbane（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Edmund likes to drive at a speed_the traffic limit. I wonder how he

17、 always manages to escapeA. having exceeded, to be fined B. exceeded, having been finedC. to exceed, to fine D. exceeding, being fined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.A thorough study of biology requires _ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.A. acquisition B. discrimination

18、 C. curiosity D. familiarity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.Her government, by its clear _ with many previous policies, has placed a double strain on the traditional relationship.A. shatter B. rupture C. breach D. collapse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my friends as well that even

19、ing.A. perplexed B. exhausted C. exclaimed D. exceeded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This,

20、for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone director

21、ies. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-presi

22、dent have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically ad

23、vantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison a

24、nd Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember thei

25、r names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back vow, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less

26、individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot pap

27、ers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?A. A kind of overlooked inequality. B. A type of conspicuous

28、bias.C. A type of personal prejudice. D. A kind of brand discrimination.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A. In both East and West, names are essential to success.B. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of ZoeZysman.C. Customers often pay a lot of attention t

29、o companies names.D. Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that _.A. questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC. teachers should pay attention to all of the

30、ir studentsD. students should be seated according to their eyesight（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5)?A. They are getting impatient. B. They are noisily dozing off.C. They are feeling humiliated. D. They are busy with word

31、 puzzles.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?A. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B. VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C. The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D. Putting things

32、 alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：2，分数：13.00)There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The

33、 worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a

34、journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are al

35、ways new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of

36、being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take

37、a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to c

38、hange and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.（分数：8.00）(1).A person is generally believed to have achieved personal growth when _.A. he has given up his s

39、moking habitB. he has made great efforts in his workC. he is keen on learning anything newD. he has tried to determine where he is on his journey（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _.A. succeed in climbing up the social ladderB. judge his abilit

40、y to grow from his own achievementsC. face difficulties and take up challengesD. climb high and reach his goal each time（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When the author says “a new way of being“, he is referring to _.A. a new approach to experiencing the worldB. a new way of taking risksC. a new method of perce

41、iving ourselvesD. a new system of adapting to change（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following EXCEPT _.A. curiosity about more chancesB. promptness in self-adaptationC. open-mindedness to new experiencesD. avoidance of internal fears and doubts（分数：2.00）A.B.C

42、.D.In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and privat

43、e employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would

44、 expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an indus

45、try composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings

46、of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: priva

47、te employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in ord

48、er to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is

49、 reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on