【考研类试卷】考博英语-617及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-617 及答案解析(总分：107.77，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.75)1.Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didnt show.A. enlightenment B. astonishment C. annoyance D. contrariness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social p

2、roblems it is faced with _.A. for long B. in and out C. once for all D. by nature（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Throughout the downtown area, lampposts and tree stumps have been _with posters and billboards which are warts in the city.A. infested B. infected C. painted D. plastered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The folk ar

3、t rubric has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artistic productions, even the self-consciously quaint.A. conservative B. mysterious C. original D. unusual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.STANZA: POEMA. duet: chorus B. rhyme: verseC. passage: article D. act: opera（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.(It can be

4、 argued) that the problems, even something (as fundamental as) the (ever-increased) world population, have been caused by (technological advance).A. It can be argued B. as fundamental as C. ever-increased D. technological advance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It was a long time before the cut on my hand_ comple

5、tely.A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Mr Chen complained about the _ air-conditioner he bought from the company.A. inefficient B. defective C. ineffective D. deficient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The old musician decided to move to her country home_her advanced age and poor health

6、.A. with regard to B. by virtue of C. on account of D. at the verge of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.If the existing rules are retained, the 20 per cent of decisions that now require _ agreement will prove far harder to reach.A. unanimous B. uniform C. identical D. equivalent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.She is unconsci

7、ous now, but may _ at intervals.A. wake up B. come over C. come to D. be awakened（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. subsequently B. lawfully C. mercilessly D. ra

8、ndomly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Youll find that the community has _ great changes since you were here last time.A) submitted B) sustained C) perceived D) undergone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We ask for _ from others, yet we are never merciful ourselves.A. clemency B. sincerity C. selectivity D. consideration（分数：0

9、.50）A.B.C.D.15.The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the _ of investigations.A. case B. chase C. cause D. course（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip.A. weary B. twilight C. unanimous D. weird（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.17.

10、Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good health or to _ disease.A set aside B ward off C shrug off D give away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. concise B. cle

11、ar C. precise D. elaborate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.In the bush, the ill (took it to be) only logical (if) the one who could dure an illness (should also possess) the ability of causing it, and (that) even at a distance.A. took it to be B. if C. should also possess D. that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Thousands of

12、people _ from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A. emigrate B. leaveC. abandon D. immigrate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The idea of time is incorporated in all languages of the world.A. assigned B. contained C. indicated D. evidenced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.I used to think memory _ were for the hopelessly

13、 disorganized, but when I hit mid- 40s it takes three trips between my home and office before I remember why I set out on the journey.A. problems B. mistakes C. lapses D. faults（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.It isestimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it dr

14、astically revised or replaced by newer information.A.estimated B.a life expectancy C.decade D.it drastically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to _ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from pow

15、er in the next months.A. advocate B. foresee C. supervise D. gauge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might _ it for him.A. redeem B. amend C. resemble D. appeal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been foun

16、d to have a multitude of industrial and commercial uses.A.Always B.plastics C.have D.multitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Australia provides the only separate, _ laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinction occurred.A natural continent-sized B natural and continent-sizedC continent-sized natural D con

17、tinent-sized and large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28._ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A. A compliment B. Pal adulatory C. Flattery D. Praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.One of Nikes founders, Phillip Hampson Knight had

18、been a top athlete when he was at the University of Oregon and he moved on to become a student at Stanford Business School, but retained his interest in sport.A. remained B. preserved C. continued D. restrained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Why not try to follow their carefree example and _ your worries and wo

19、es?Atake away Bleave out Cshrug off Dbreak through（分数：0.25）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：11.00)Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a presynaptic serotonin-secret

20、ing neuron causes the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic, or target, neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar to that of serotonin. In add

21、ition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry following administration of hallucinogens invariably reported changes in serotonin levels.Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brought about by an action on the

22、 neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertise in the field of brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than LSD powerfully blockaded ser

23、otonin s action, their conclusions were quickly challenged, however. We now know that the action of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not.By the 1960 s technical advances perm

24、itted the direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related hallucinogens act by directly suppressing the activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing the activity of serotonin-sec

25、reting neurons, then drugs administered after these neurons had been destroyed should have no effect on behavior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinogens on behavior. Thus halluc

26、inogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons.However, these and other available data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). The fact that LSD elicits “s

27、erotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kinds of behaviors as does the administration of serotonin in animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of serotonin. The enhanced effect of

28、 LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a compensatory response to decre

29、ased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by number of different laboratories,（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?A. The suppression of the activity of serot

30、onin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens.B. The observed similarities in the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C. The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D. Serotonin-induced changes in the effects of halluc

31、inogens on behavior.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_ .A. a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB. no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC. research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesisD.

32、the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?A. Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on th

33、e brain ant on behavior.B. Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C. Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the serotonin receptor sites locat

34、ed on target neurons in the brain.D. Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(4).The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?A. How c

35、an researchers control the effects that LSD has on behavior?B. How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human beings?C. What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D. What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the effects of LSD on behavior?

36、（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.At home Theodore Roosevelt had affection, not compliments, whether these were unintentional and sincere or were thinly disguised flattery. And affection was what he most craved from his family and nearest friends, and what he gave to them without stint. As I have said, he allowed no

37、thing to interrupt the hours set apart for his wife and children while he was at the White House; and at Oyster Bay there was always time for them. A typical story is told of the boys coming in upon him during a conference with some important visitor, and saying reproachfully, “Its long after four o

38、clock, and you promised to go with us at four. “ So I did,“ said Roosevelt. And he quickly finished his business with the visitor and went. When the children were young, he usually saw them at supper and into bed, and he talked of the famous pillow fights they had with him. House guests at the White

39、 House some times unexpectedly caught sight of him crawling in the entry near the children s rooms, with two or three children riding on his back. Roosevelts days were seldom less than fifteen hours long, and we can guess how he regarded the laboring men of today who clamor for eight and six, and ev

40、en fewer hours, as the normal period for a day s work. He got up at half-past seven and always finished breakfast by nine, when what many might call the real work of his day began.The unimaginative laborer probably supposes that most of the duties which fall to an industrious President are not stric

41、tly work at all; but if any one had to meet for an hour and a haft every forenoon such Congressmen and Senators as chose to call on him, he would understand that that was a job involving real work, hard work. They came every day with a grievance, or an appeal, or a suggestion, or a favor to ask, and

42、 he had to treat each one, not only politely, but more or less differently. Early in his Administration I heard it said that he offended some Congressmen by denying their requests in so loud a voice that others in the room could hear him, and this seemed to some a humiliation. President McKinley, on

43、 the other hand, they said, lowered his voice, and spoke so softly and sweetly that even his refusal did not jar on his visitor, and was not heard at all by the bystanders. If this happened, I suspect it was because Roosevelt spoke rather explosively and had a habit of emphasis, and not because he w

44、ished in any way to send his petitioners rebuff through the room.Nor was the hour which followed this, when he received general callers, less wearing. As these persons came from all parts of the Union, so they were of all sorts and temperaments. Here was a worthy citizen from Colorado Who, on the st

45、rength of having once heard the President make a public speech in Denver, claimed immediate friendship with him. Then might come an old lady from Georgia, who remembered his mother s people there, or the lady from Jacksonville, Florida, of whom I have already spoken. Once a little boy, who was almos

46、t lost in the crush of grown-up visitors, man- aged to reach the President. “What can I do for you?“ the President asked; and the boy told how his father had died leaving his mother with a large family and no money, and how he was selling typewriters to help support her. His mother, he said, would b

47、e most grateful if the President would accept a typewriter from her as a gift. So the President told the little fellow to go and sit down until the other visitors had passed, and then he would attend to him. No doubt, the boy left the White House well contented-and richer.（分数：6.00）(1).From the stori

48、es which exemplify Roosevelt s affection for his family members, we can infer that _.A. he was not flexible with his scheduleB. the President tried to fulfil his promises to themC. he would stopped whatever he was doing for themD. the President apologized to them when he could not stay with them（分数：

49、1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, Theodore Roosevelt _.A. was a hard-working PresidentB. tried to reduce the length of his workdayC. really appreciated the idea of eight or six hours per workdayD. wished to work with the laboring men of today（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).What might an unimaginative laborer think of the Presidents duties?A. Those duties were nothing for President Roosevelt.B. What the President did was to meet Congressmen