【考研类试卷】考博英语-561及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-561 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Structure and(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Anais Nins diaries are often scandalous, probably because she describes herself as she is rather than _ .（分数：0.50）A.others define herB.as others define herC.her definition by othersD.she is

2、defined by others2.It is not an agreement _, but it will serve as one.（分数：0.50）A.on suchB.for suchC.as suchD.in such3.Those are very important papers and Id just as soon _ here.（分数：0.50）A.as you leave themB.you leave themC.you will leave themD.that you will leave them4.Never has a scientific explana

3、tion emerged _ someone somewhere has objected to it.（分数：0.50）A.thatB.whichC.whomD.but5.Yellow National Parks attractions include the. famous Old Faithful geyser, vast forests, _ wildlife, and well-maintained campgrounds.（分数：0.50）A.plentifulB.generous.C.liberalD.extravagant6.At that time leukemia was

4、 almost inevitably _, but today, more than half of the people with leukemia get a cure.（分数：0.50）A.lethalB.poisonousC.awesomeD.terrific7.An education should enable a student to get a better job than he would _ be able to find or fill.（分数：0.50）A.consequentlyB.neverthelessC.otherwiseD.anyhow8.However,

5、many businessmen are active Democrats for reasons _ economic ones-such as religion, national, racial, or geographic origin, or specific policy issues.（分数：0.50）A.rather thanB.other thanC.less thanD.better than9.It _ now pretty late, we took our candles and retired to our room.（分数：0.50）A.isB.beingC.tu

6、rnedD.got10.Readers will find that a librarys collection of books usually _ two categories: fiction and non-fiction.（分数：0.50）A.falls intoB.runs intoC.separates intoD.turns into11.To give top _ to health is to prolong your life and enjoy your life.（分数：0.50）A.superiorityB.priorityC.inferiorityD.minori

7、ty12.They have occupied our land, stolen our freedom and violated everything we held _ .（分数：0.50）A.sacredB.secretC.secondD.dangerous13.Inasmuch as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim to the ferocity of tiger, its roar is _ heard by the natives _ feelings of te

8、rror.（分数：0.50）A.not., withB.not., withoutC.seldom., withD.always., without14.On the memorable occasion, the soldiers _ the Colonel when he arrived.（分数：0.50）A.shoutedB.solvedC.salvagedD.saluted15.It is desirable that the airplane _ as light and fast as possible.（分数：0.50）A.be madeB.is madeC.were madeD

9、.has been made16.The salmon spends its adult life in rivers and seas, but _ .（分数：0.50）A.its eggs are laid in streamsB.it lays its eggs in streamsC.in streams are laid its eggsD.laid in streams are the eggs17.Sometimes the imprudence _ some policy-makers results in heavy losses to the national intere

10、sts.（分数：0.50）A.in the place ofB.for the sake ofC.in view ofD.on the part of18.Anatomists generally maintain that the human heart is nearest _ .（分数：0.50）A.to the size in our fistB.in the size to our fistC.in size to our fistD.to the size to our fist19.Due in large part to the complexity of its struct

11、ure-over two hundred bones _ together by ligaments-the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction.（分数：0.50）A.bingingB.boundC.boundedD.bind20._ I love you, I cannot lend you any more money.（分数：0.50）A.Much asB.WhetherC.AlsoD.However三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分

12、数：6.00)For more than 40 years, Earth has been sending out distress signals. At first they were subtle, like the thin shells of bald-eagle eggs that cracked because they were laced (使混合) with DDT. Then the signs were unmistakable, like the covering of smoke over the Amazon rain forest, where farmers

13、and ranchers (牧场主人) set fire to clear land. Finally, as the new millennium drew near, it was obvious that Earths pain had become humanitys pain. The collapse of the North Atlantic cod (鳕鱼) fishery put 30,000 Canadians out of work and ruined the economies of 700 communities. In 1998, deforestation wo

14、rsened Chinas floods, which killed 3,600 people and left 14 million homeless. Population pressures and overcrowding raised the toll from 1999s rains in Latin America, which killed more than 30,000 people and created armies of environmental refugees.And how have we responded to four decades of ever l

15、ouder distress signals? Weve staged a procession, of Earth Days, formed Green parties, passed environmental laws, forged a few international treaties and organized global gabfests (杂谈会) like the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. All the while, the decline of earths ecosystems has continued unabat

16、ed.What will it take for us to get serious about saving our environment? When will environmentalism more from being a philosophy promoted by a passionate minority to a way of life that governs mainstream behavior and policy? How can we understand that Earth is one big natural system and that torchin

17、g tropical rain forests and destroying coral reefs (珊瑚礁) will eventually threaten the well-being of towns and cities everywhere?One crucial step is a true accounting of the state of the planet, a thorough assessment of the health of all Earths major ecosystems, from oceans to forests. Only a compreh

18、ensive global survey can show how damage to one system is affecting other systems and can determine whether Earth as a whole is losing its ability to nurture the full diversity of life and the economies of nations.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分

19、数：2.00）A.Even though people around the world have taken various measures to save the earth, many ecosystems still keep declining.B.As our world evolves, the relationship between Earth and humanity becomes closer and closer.C.Its essential and important to carry out a thorough research on the current

20、 state of the whole earth.D.The continuous deterioration of the global environment has awakened most human beings to the importance of environmental protection.(2).What environmental problem is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Overpopulation.B.Deforestation.C.Pollution.D.Fuel depletion.(3).Ou

21、r earth can only be effectively saved when _ .（分数：2.00）A.people of all nations become conscious of the danger and make joint efforts.B.governments in developed countries can formulate more strict laws and regulations.C.more volunteers can be organized to help the refugees throughout the world.D.the

22、living standards of citizens in developing countries can be greatly raise六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. Its hard to imagine a time when people werent concerned with taking care of their appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started

23、 when Adam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date with Eve. Or maybe they began when Eve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have become an important part of everyones daily routine.You might thin

24、k that all modern societies would have the same grooming and personal hygiene practices. After all, doesnt everybody take baths? Most people do recognize the need for hygiene, which is the basis for cleanliness and health-and a good way to keep ones friends. Grooming practices include all the little

25、 things people do to make themselves look their best, such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways.There used to be an old joke in America that people

26、should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly, a shower-every day. But in contrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh. And instead of going to a beauty par

27、lor for a shampoo, many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So if Americans have a “bad hair day“, they have no one to blame but themselves. But most people in America do head for the beauty parlor or barber shop occasionally for a haircut, a perm or just some friendly conversation.Am

28、ericans are known for having very sensitive noses. In America, “B. O.“ (body odor) is socially unacceptable. For that reason, Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti-perspiration a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent. Men may splash on after-shave lotion or man

29、ly-smelling cologne. Another cultural no-no in America is bad breath. Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garlic. Their solution? Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals.Some of the cultural variations in grooming practices resu

30、lt from physical differences between races. Whereas many Asian men have little facial hair, Westerners have a lot. As a result, most American men spend some time each day shaving or grooming their facial hair. Beards and mustaches are common sights in America, although their popularity changes from

31、generation to generation. Most American men who wear facial hair try to keep it nicely trimmed. American women, on the other hand, generally prefer not to be hairy at all. Many of them regularly shave their legs and armpits.Americans put great value on both grooming and personal hygiene. For some pe

32、ople taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, “Cleanliness is next to godliness.“ Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others. Americans look down on people who dont take care of themselves, or

33、who “let themselves go“. To Americans, even if we dont have much to work with, we have to make the best of what weve got.（分数：6.00）(1).By citing “Adam and Eve“, the author wants to show that _ .（分数：2.00）A.grooming and hygiene are originated from Adam and Eve.B.grooming and hygiene have a long history

34、.C.grooming and hygiene are important for dating.D.grooming and hygiene are the gifts endowed by Go(2).Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Hygiene helps health and maintains friendship.B.Many little things can make people look decent.C.As everybody takes bath, g

35、rooming and hygiene practices are all the same in the modern society.D.Most of modern people argue that culture determined the differences.(3).The old saying “Cleanliness is next to godliness“ reflects that _ .（分数：2.00）A.Americans exert much importance on individual hygiene.B.well-groomed people are

36、 closer to the God.C.It is a religion to be clean and well-groomed.D.It is essential to have much to work inherently.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：8.00)As Dr Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, bu

37、t that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on so

38、mewhat puzzling conversations.Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one

39、 thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis,

40、 they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up.We are still in

41、 control, but the capabilities are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of sil

42、icon will begin to match that of the human brain.That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry would assume t

43、hat the new species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.（分数：8.00）(1).Today, we cannot see computer as a new form of life in terms of _ .（分数：2.00）A.quickness of decision makingB.drives and sentimentC.development of reasoning

44、powerD.information storage(2).In terms of making quick decisions, computers often surpass human brains because _ .（分数：2.00）A.the slow pace of life caused the defect of human brains in the long process of evolutionB.the human brain is influenced by other factors such as drives and feelingsC.the human

45、 brain may sometimes freeze up in a mixed situationD.computers imitate life and the more complex, the better(3).Though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author holds the view that _ .（分数：2.00）A.computers are more likely to become a new form of intelligent lifeB.the develop

46、ment of intelligence will not end with computersC.computers will eventually surpass human beingsD.the evolution of intelligence will probably result in mans flesh-and-blood descendants(4).According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.The reasoning power of computers

47、has already surpassed that of man.B.Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.C.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.D.Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.Green Spaces in citiesWhere do children play? Years ago, any open fi

48、eld, any vacant lot, any group pf trees-these were the places where children played. As families left family farms, small towns, and the countryside, and moved into cities, the places for their children to play in became rarer. Children in the cities had few options, fewer choices of places to play.

49、In fact, all peoples lives change a lot when they move to the city. (51) In cities, homes are built on top of one another-in enormous apartment buildings. (52) The feeling of private space and ownership no longer exists in houses literally piled one on the other.Psychologists have been studying the changes people experience when they leave rural area and move into urban environments. On clear findings from their studies