【考研类试卷】考博英语-540及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-540 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Information about Sm(总题数：1，分数：2.50)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part B(总题数：1，分数：2.50)How do people usually seek pleasures and spend their money?（分数：2.50）(1).How do people usually seek pleasures an

2、d spend their money?（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_(2).What makes life interesting is the 1.（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_(3).In the speakers eyes, underlying similarities in human may clarify 1.（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_(4).According to consumer behaviorists, most people experience the same kinds of needs and motives 1.（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_(

3、5).What enables the marketers anticipate customers behaviors?（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_五、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Questions 1113 are (总题数：1，分数：1.50)Which of the following statement about the depression of our ancestors is NOT true?（分数：1.50）A.It had something to do with the harsh environment our ancestors lived

4、in.B.It helped to conserve their resources and energy.C.It could help them to survive the rough times.D.It is impossible to find the indication of it in us nowadays.A.make us feel miserableB.last longer than two weeksC.make it difficult for us to do thingsD.end until we go to see a therapistA.We liv

5、e in relatively affluent society.B.The environment is not as harsh and rough as it was for our ancestors.C.Our depression is mainly caused by the action of other people not the environment.D.We seldom suffer from depression and frustration nowadays.七、Questions 1416 are (总题数：1，分数：1.50)When did Wolfe

6、publish his first novel?（分数：1.50）A.Before he left Harvard.B.On his return journey from Europe.C.When he got married.D.After his editor revised the manuscript.A.His relationship with his wife.B.His pursuit of a spiritual father.C.The wild and casual American landscape.D.The desire to communicate the

7、incommunicable.A.The tragic briefness of mans life.B.Every man and woman he met.C.The memory of his experience.D.His loneliness.八、Questions 1720 are (总题数：1，分数：2.00)Which of the following is NOT the reason that the woman thinks Yoshida is qualified for the position?（分数：2.00）A.She is well liked.B.She

8、gets along with people well.C.She knows how to deal with people.D.She is inherently stronger than the men in the department.A.Women have had trouble for a long time.B.Women are more qualified than men in this position.C.Women are better in handling people.D.Women are more likely to be accepted by ot

9、hers.A.She was lucky.B.She was exceptional.C.She was intelligent.D.She was a chauvinist.A.women are not accepted in the department.B.women are not as strong as men.C.Yoshida will find herself in a difficult position if she becomes department head.D.except them no one will trust her and believe her.九

10、、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Part A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Nonetheless, multi-regionalists _ folding their tents and if anything, may have grown even more convinced of their position.（分数：1.00）A.show signs toB.take no signs ofC.show no signs ofD.take note of2._ its misrepresentation, Clintons statemen

11、t is appropriate as a celebration of biologys increasing relevance to countries health and wealth.（分数：1.00）A.Despite the dangers ofB.Regarding the dangers ofC.Despite the injustice ofD.Concerned about the dangers of3.Even researchers, for example, _ applying the concept of “cohesion“ may not produce

12、 the most cost-effective science.（分数：1.00）A.appreciate forB.appreciate thatC.appreciate as toD.appreciate as4.For instance, the public may not fully understand the physical principles behind lasers, but it clearly can appreciate the extraordinary medical benefits _ this technology.（分数：1.00）A.taking

13、into accountB.leading toC.considering asD.resulting from5._ when he discovered the costs, nevertheless, eventually, he went.（分数：1.00）A.To surpriseB.SurprisinglyC.Slightly excitingD.Somewhat taken aback6.Rather, our particular modern tragedy _ the great asymmetry, and the consequential but unintended

14、 power of science to enhance its effect.（分数：1.00）A.resides inB.result fromC.resists toD.returns into7.The accommodation was at a comfortable hotel, the meeting facilities _.（分数：1.00）A.are excellentB.excellentC.are availableD.be excellent8.Despite the end of the Cold War, defense and civil industrial

15、 interests in “small“ science are_.（分数：1.00）A.as stronger as beforeB.as powerful as is expectedC.as strong as everD.as more powerful as expected9.It is thus of exceptional importance _ extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential.（分数：1.00）A.for a testing purpose

16、 onB.as a testing reason inC.as a testing ground forD.for some useful ends of10.This, they say, is proof that the more primitive species was not simply supplanted by an advanced one _ into one.（分数：1.00）A.but also developedB.but reformed sharplyC.but merely turnedD.but evolved slowly十一、Part B(总题数：20，

17、分数：20.00)11.Such initiatives can pay generous dividends in a continent _ a large and talented scientific community which, although largely educated in the United States and in Europe, is strongly inclined to return home to do science.（分数：1.00）A.bloomed withB.blocked withC.blessed withD.blocked by12.

18、An important objective of both exercises is to develop a structure for rigorously competitive _.（分数：1.00）A.self-reviewB.peer reviewC.talk showD.peer counseling13.Perhaps the only _ that physicists have are, for big science, the cultural appeal to the public of fundamental laws of nature and of the U

19、niverse.（分数：1.00）A.alleyB.alliesC.alloyD.allergy14.Finally, careful prioritization is no alternative to the adequate _ of the science base.（分数：1.00）A.fundingB.includingC.excludingD.expending15.I could still have found my way into science in a nonexpansionist civilization of the future, where upward

20、social mobility and its _ opportunities would no longer be taken for granted to the degree that they have been in recent centuries.（分数：1.00）A.attendingB.attendantC.pendantD.pending16.Australia provides the only separate, _ laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinction occurred.（分数：1.00）A.natura

21、l continent-sizedB.natural and continent-sizedC.continent-sized naturalD.continent-sized and large17.The possibility of moving toward _ patients and the responsibilities that it implies undoubtedly will change psychologists future role.（分数：1.00）A.meditatingB.medicatingC.mediatingD.mediatizing18.In d

22、oing so, however, he has shown not that art assists scientific understanding, but that scientific insight can provide a _ stimulus to some of the most powerful of artistic interpretations.（分数：1.00）A.gracefulB.handfulC.fruitfulD.hopeful19.There are, for example, widely differing views of the potentia

23、l value of the assets_.（分数：1.00）A.at stakeB.at a strokeC.at an actionD.at a time20.It is also important that the public should recognize the current debate for what it is: scientists behaving _, as they should.（分数：1.00）A.cowardlyB.cruciallyC.criticallyD.crossly21.The preservation of opportunity in t

24、he face of unforgiving tradeoffs, and the capacity to exercise a degree of freedom to pursue one s talent, _ me as a centrally important principle in the emerging society.（分数：1.00）A.terrifyB.stirC.strikeD.spur22.But given terrifying scenarios that are now all too possible, those costs will de a smal

25、l price to pay for the extra _ they will buy.（分数：1.00）A.securityB.sectorC.sectionD.sedation23.Costs for regulation of business actually are a hidden tax severely reducing the competitiveness of domestic businesses _ when they face an increasingly global marketplace.（分数：1.00）A.at timesB.at presentC.a

26、t onceD.at a time24.Americans were propelled too by a keen sense of _ about challenging the void.（分数：1.00）A.horror and hungerB.anxiety and hopeC.awe and sorrowD.awe and wonder25.But many in the commission are well aware of such needs, and are _ to address them.（分数：1.00）A.thrivingB.strikingC.wrestlin

27、gD.striving26.While there is no agency with a mission to depress the economy or _ inflation, many government actionsespecially taxation, spending, and regulationhave those undesirable effects.（分数：1.00）A.accreditB.accelerateC.accumulateD.access27.Thanks to sponsorship, the fee to _ will be25 _ and pa

28、rticipants will have to pay only travel expenses.（分数：1.00）A.those invitedB.those who invitedC.those being invitedD.those of invited28.But it has other advantages in terms of _ scientific and technical expertise.（分数：1.00）A.dissolvingB.dissuadingC.distillingD.disseminating29.But, in the United States

29、and in Europe, there is a growing danger that, as the attractiveness and impact of biology develops, an inadequate appreciation of physics will effectively lead to a _ against it.（分数：1.00）A.backwashB.backlashC.backgroundD.backing30.The realization that the most economically significant sanctions can

30、not survive poses a new danger: that effective sanctions will be allowed to lapse, _ a series of token measures.（分数：1.00）A.leaving in placeB.setting asideC.taking into accountD.making room for十二、Part Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十三、Passage 1(总题数：10，分数：5.00)31.（分数：0.50）A.someB.muchC.otherD.same32.（分数：0.50）A.o

31、nB.forC.intoD.in33.（分数：0.50）A.understandingB.interpretingC.knowingD.knowledge34.（分数：0.50）A.itB.thatC.thisD.one35.（分数：0.50）A.factorB.levelC.typeD.token36.（分数：0.50）A.ButB.AndC.OrD.So37.（分数：0.50）A.goodB.wellC.halfD.best38.（分数：0.50）A.minorB.majorC.minimalD.maximum39.（分数：0.50）A.once againB.in this wayC.t

32、wice thenD.immediately40.（分数：0.50）A.that isB.it isC.it wasD.which is十四、Passage 2(总题数：20，分数：10.00)41.（分数：0.50）A.used notB.not usedC.usedD.is used42.（分数：0.50）A.disagreeB.divergeC.varyD.deviate43.（分数：0.50）A.factorB.elementC.componentD.atom44.（分数：0.50）A.availableB.properC.probableD.accessible45.（分数：0.50

33、）A.NeverthelessB.HoweverC.AfterwardsD.Furthermore46.（分数：0.50）A.andB.thoughC.whenD.as47.（分数：0.50）A.thenB.insteadC.furtherD.still48.（分数：0.50）A.suitB.matchC.meetD.agree49.（分数：0.50）A.againstB.forC.withD.to50.（分数：0.50）A.wereB.areC.usedD.had been51.（分数：0.50）A.advantageB.profitC.useD.charge52.（分数：0.50）A.co

34、veredB.crowdedC.fullD.plenty53.（分数：0.50）A.evenB.justC.butD.still54.（分数：0.50）A.exceptB.except forC.onlyD.only for55.（分数：0.50）A.becauseB.because ofC.forD.in that56.（分数：0.50）A.perpetualB.temporaryC.uniformD.temperate57.（分数：0.50）A.sightB.imageC.appearanceD.perception58.（分数：0.50）A.takeB.doC.keepD.go59.（分

35、数：0.50）A.ordinarilyB.generallyC.originallyD.formerly60.（分数：0.50）A.retainedB.containedC.maintainedD.protected十五、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十六、Passage 1(总题数：4，分数：4.00)61.The example of “environmental stakeholders“ in the passage is used to _.（分数：1.00）A.expose to the spectrum of public interestsB

36、.signify a forum for making decisions about genetic modification in agricultureC.avoid endlessly time-wasting disputes between industry and environmentalismD.make some constructive suggestions62.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that scientists_.（分数：1.00）A.look too suspicious to be

37、 trustedB.act more properly than they used toC.think more before taking actionsD.are considered increasingly informative63.In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantage of a survey of public opinions?（分数：1.00）A.Ensuring an unyielding instrument of obstruction by the opponen

38、ts of genetics.B.Caring for the stakeholders forum after knowing the public voice.C.Drawing public concerns about the risks of genetically modified crops.D.Rebuilding public trust in the application of science to foods.64.What may chiefly be responsible for the lessons the UK government learnt from

39、the BSE crisis?（分数：1.00）A.It is beneficial to find some way to build trust in genetic modification in agriculture.B.The technology must be inherently safe, its products exerting no adverse ecological effects.C.With its handling of genetic modification in agriculture, the practical technology is boom

40、ing.D.A strict assumption and a new requirement may have more probably helped.十七、Passage 2(总题数：4，分数：4.00)65.Which major change resulted from the prime of scientific times according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.More effective representation from their professional societies.B.Many public voices striving

41、to be heard on both sides of the Atlantic.C.Industrial support helping to develop a burgeoning community.D.Scientific discovery and public life set up by the similar topics.66.In the authors eyes, FASEB might prove its influence if it _.（分数：1.00）A.campaigned for a big sum of money for the companiesB

42、.enabled academic community to be more respectedC.extended its success into other spheresD.competed for attention with some rivals67.By the first sentence of the passage the author means the US scientists_.（分数：1.00）A.at largeB.at bestC.well-paid, but less productiveD.well-funded, but less informed68

43、.What is said in the passage may best be concluded as _.（分数：1.00）A.a sub-optimal approach to career developmentB.a coherent and credible point of view much neededC.no money offered to sympathetic politiciansD.academic voice versus industrial interests十八、Passage 3(总题数：4，分数：4.00)69.In the authors disc

44、ussion, which aspect is not mentioned?（分数：1.00）A.The technology for deep underground repositories.B.A mixture of fuels to meet the electricity needs.C.The long-term management of nuclear waste.D.Reducing the resource use to its minimum level.70.The phrase “stumbling block“ may best refer to _.（分数：1.

45、00）A.obstacleB.motivationC.accelerationD.deceleration71.According to the passage, which may be the best title?（分数：1.00）A.Storing Used Nuclear FuelB.Dealing with Nuclear WasteC.Renewable Nuclear PowerD.Environment and Resources72.According to the third paragraph, the sentence “O Leary has not backed

46、away from that stance. “means that _.（分数：1.00）A.she has not make out the standardB.she has considered the positionC.she has not avoided the publicationD.she has not stuck to her own way十九、Passage 4(总题数：4，分数：4.00)73.The word “culmination“ in the last paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.utmost goalB.general

47、motivationC.common purposeD.mutual agreement74.According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.the bank focuses on supporting “knowledge development“B.the bank set aside its solutions to the priority issuesC.the bank at best supports basic research globallyD.the bank

48、 cooperates with the governments and foundations75.From the passage we learn that the World Bank_.（分数：1.00）A.focuses on basic science rather than theoretical oneB.seems reluctant to aid some of theoretical sciencesC.is still willing to help the third worldD.agrees to grant scientific researches76.The main idea of the passage might be _.（分数：1.00）A.the knowledge-based industries in developing countriesB.the economical competition home and abroadC.the further considerations of the World BankD