【考研类试卷】考博英语-457及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-457 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will _ before a settlement is reached.（分数：1.00）A.wear outB.come alongC.break offD.end up2.Some people think its _ to smoke with a cigarette holder.（分数：1.00）A.flexibleB.sophisti

2、catedC.versatileD.productive3.I didnt listen to Mom and I was not surprised at the look of _ on her face.（分数：1.00）A.indifferenceB.complimentC.negligenceD.reproach4.What he had in mind _ to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.（分数：1.00）A.contributedB.dedicatedC.

3、amountedD.added5._ recent brain and behavioral research, Dr. Goleman wrote a fascinating book entitled “Emotional Intelligence.“（分数：1.00）A.Drawing upB.Drawing onC.Putting upD.Putting on6.The degree of economic growth is an _ of the level of living.（分数：1.00）A.indexB.advantageC.accessD.aspect7.Efforts

4、 to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.（分数：1.00）A.enforcedB.intensifiedC.confirmedD.strengthened8.Of the 1, 200 million people who call themselves Chinese, _ a very small number speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.none butB.

5、but forC.all butD.but then9.Scientists are _ certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of the shark.（分数：1.00）A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly10.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were _.（分数：1.00）A.of no availB.out of focusC.at a lossD.in no way11.The

6、 integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff _.（分数：1.00）A.moralB.mortalC.moraleD.mores12.The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade _ an incredible 250, 000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.（分数：1

7、.00）A.take upB.add up toC.count forD.turn out to13.I want to talk about all these points in _ order of importance.（分数：1.00）A.decliningB.descendingC.plungingD.falling14.A _ of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath, then the woman smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew careful

8、ly from the room.（分数：1.00）A.loafB.barC.stickD.block15.In a divorce, the mother usually is granted _ of her children.（分数：1.00）A.supportB.retentionC.perseveranceD.custody16.These pollutants can be _ hundreds and even thousands of kilometers by large air masses.（分数：1.00）A.containedB.conveyedC.contamina

9、tedD.conserved17.Many people think of deserts as _ regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.（分数：1.00）A.remoteB.virginC.alienD.barren18.The two newspapers gave different _ of what happened.（分数：1.00）A.versionsB.editionsC.productionsD.texts19.He is believed to have

10、 been shot by a rival gang in _ for the shootings last week.（分数：1.00）A.revengeB.reserveC.reverseD.remedial20.There are a few small things that I dont like about my job, but _ its very enjoy able.（分数：1.00）A.all at onceB.once and for allC.so much asD.by and large二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)It is appro

11、priate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to (21) why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best (22) the privilege of attending.At the least you as students can hope to bec

12、ome (23) in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, (24) , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently (25) learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. (26) this may require an effort of will and a period o

13、f self-discipline. Certainly it is not (27) without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your (28) .There is (29) the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there

14、is (30) level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the (31) of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to (32) no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which cant be denied and which commits yo

15、u to a life of research.Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is (33) many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even (34) other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly (35) it.（分数：15.00）A.countB.reflectC.dependD.commentA.benefit fromB.take o

16、verC.apply forD.go throughA.efficientB.excellentC.professionalD.proficientA.howeverB.thereforeC.indeedD.after allA.ifB.becauseC.so thatD.beforeA.Of lateB.ConsequentlyC.AfterwardsD.At firstA.acquiredB.accomplishedC.approachedD.assuredA.ambitionB.conscienceC.responsibilityD.challengeA.toB.onC.inD.byA.

17、anyB.oneC.anotherD.noA.endsB.limitsC.bordersD.edgesA.elsewhereB.whatC.whicheverD.whereA.compatible withB.responsible forC.followed byD.relevant toA.shallB.willC.wouldD.shouldA.declareB.recommendC.adviseD.contend三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Small, pink and very ugly.

18、 Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making

19、 in the field of biotechnology.China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West m aggressively pursue genome research. Its establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plen

20、tiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom in China and in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and

21、 the U. S. But Asias other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing Chinas potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships-and Chinas advancement in the field of biotechnology-could help benefit the rest of Asia: Chinas rapid progress in impr

22、oving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population-and those of other Asian countries-can afford.There remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a strong b

23、iotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards. China is a signatory of the International Bio Safety Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of fi

24、eld trims. But some observers are skeptical. “The regulations look good, but I havent met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to,“ says a European science analyst.If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never mak

25、e it to market. But no matter how strict lab tests are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.（分数：6.00）(1).The mous

26、e on display is most significant in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it has an ear in the shape of a human earB.it is unusually small and ugly as a starC.it is the focus of. the media at the exhibitionD.it indicates Chinas progress in biotechnology(2).The phrase “on the brink of a boom“ (in boldface in Paragraph 2

27、) in the context means _.（分数：1.00）A.having an edge in competitionB.in great demandC.on the way to successD.preparing for challenge(3).In the field of biotechnology China is thought to _.（分数：1.00）A.have been making an utmost effort learning from the WestB.have become a country among the advancedC.hav

28、e been able to rival the United States and EuropeD.have launched a biotechnological revolution(4).Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with China in biotechnology because _.（分数：1.00）A.it has made extraordinary contributions to the worldB.it has large supplies of talents

29、 and advanced research centersC.its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countriesD.its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable(5).Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech development, _.（分数：1.00）A.might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standa

30、rdsB.may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technologyC.cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patentsD.may not seriously follow the International Bio Safety Protocol(6).As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include _.（分数：1.00）A.publicizing recent achievem

31、ents in the official pressB.the protection of innovators with their productsC.the violation of intellectual-property rightsD.making lab tests as strict as possible五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green schoolyard. Such a

32、wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it. Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and buy himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking over to the store, clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant no trouble. On the

33、 other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmys same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was.“Hey Negro, whats up?“ one of the white boys said.“Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today?“ another hooted.“Just leave me alone,“ little Jimmy said.“Oh no,

34、 Jimmys really getting pist off! ?“ the first boy retaliated.“Just shove off and let me be,“ Jimmy answered.It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin

35、colors, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been used too

36、loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral.Nobody is e

37、xempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. I would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that I went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted pol

38、es with the same polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever theyre doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our

39、thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together. Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.（分数：6.00）(1).With the descr

40、iption of the weather and Jimmys feeling about it the author intends to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.what a happy world it is for humansB.what an innocent boy Jimmy wasC.what an unusual thing that was to happen to JimmyD.what a wonderful world that people have ignored(2).From the conversation with the thr

41、ee white boys, we learn that Jimmy _.（分数：1.00）A.must have offended them beforeB.was a pleasant boy to be talked toC.was being humiliated for being blackD.must have got used to their behaviors(3).According to the author, Racism _.（分数：1.00）A.leads to a world with no varietyB.does not see the differenc

42、es between culturesC.hinders the worlds economic developmentD.does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures(4).By saying “No doubt, we are all racist“ (in boldface in Paragraph 3) the author admits that _.（分数：1.00）A.we are all warlike by natureB.we all discriminate against other peoplesC.we ar

43、e all proud of our own race and nationD.we all focus on the difference between races(5).To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a paragraph that deals with _.（分数：1.00）A.how childrens thoughts are corrupted by racism as they growB.the authors far more miserable experience of being

44、neglectedC.how the black people should unite to fight against the WhitesD.the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other(6).Which of the following can best describe the tone of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Provocative.B.Indignant.C.Sentimental.D.Sarcasti六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)

45、This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was d

46、isseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS “60 Minutes,“ the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly fright

47、ened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children.Last month, Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently contained “unsafe“ levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for child

48、ren, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the publics first exposure to it was through news coverage.Not only does such reporting potentially drive children from consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, th

49、e conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a “safe“ level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the “chronic reference doses,“ set by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safety. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, f