【考研类试卷】考博英语-41及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colours and styles in mens clothing, but none of them _.（分数：1.00）A.has caught onB.has caught him outC.has caught upD.take roots2.Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to

2、 know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective _.（分数：1.00）A.motivationB.point of viewC.characterizationD.background3.The once separate issue of environment and development are now _ linked.（分数：1.00）A.intangibleB.indispensableC.inextricablyD.incredibly4.Danis Hayes raised t

3、he essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation _ themselves now on the verge of losing the war.（分数：1.00）A.only foundB.finding onlyC.only to findD.have only found5.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea trav

4、el, that man _ Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century. A. was B. was called D. calling D. being（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.（分数：1.00）A.it isB.there isC.as isD.that is7.The private life of having eac

5、h individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest _ without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association.（分数：1.00）A.is not possibleB.would not be possibleC.will not be possibleD.cannot be possible8.The need t

6、o see that justice is done _ every decision made in the courts.（分数：1.00）A.implants intoB.imposes onC.impinges uponD.imprecates upon9.Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.（分数：1.00）A.on themselvesB.on not maki

7、ng a faultC.to a faultD.to remain ahead10.The appeal to the senses known as _ is especially common in poetry.（分数：1.00）A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.ingeniousD.imagery11.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics _ in turn evolved the politics of ou

8、r modern world.（分数：1.00）A.of whichB.from whichC.on whichD.by which12.It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for _ drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.（分数：1.00）A.specificB.genericC.intricateD.acrid13.The very biggest and mo

9、st murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial- wars that Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain _ against one another.（分数：1.00）A.pittedB.droveC.keptD.embarked14.He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly _.（分数：1.00）A.lack itB.

10、absentC.in need of itD.wanting15.If youve got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and _ with him.（分数：1.00）A.tell itB.have it outC.say itD.have it known16.If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle _ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected.（分数：1.00）

11、A.onB.forC.againstD.with17.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, _ occupations for which technical training is necessary.（分数：1.00）A.so too there areB.so also there areC.so there are tooD.so too are there18.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to mak

12、e remedial instruction a commodity as _ and accessible as frozen yogurt.（分数：1.00）A.ubiquitousB.rationalC.necessary.D.credible19.The retired engineer plunked down 50000 in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife a purchase _ with money made in the stock market the week before.（分数：1.00）

13、A.paid offB.paid throughC.paid outD.paid for20.Two thirds of the US basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.（分数：1.00）A.was it not because ofB.had it not been forC.were it not forD.would it not have

14、 been for二、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BDirections:/B In this part of the test, there are 5 passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D, and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.BPassage One/BSo far

15、as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing i

16、s ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offe

17、rs him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not

18、care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified

19、as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen fro

20、m his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, lei

21、sure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.（分数：6.00）(1).The best title for the passage could be _.（分数：1.00）A.Work, Labor and PlayB.Ways Leading to HappinessC.The Most Desirab

22、le Job in the WorldD.The Necessity of Leisure(2).If a person wishes to be happy, _.（分数：1.00）A.he must have something to doB.he must realize the essential difference between work and laborC.he must feel free first of allD.he must do something valuable to society(3).A man is a laborer if _.（分数：1.00）A.

23、what he likes to do is not recognized by society.B.he has to make a living or supporting his familyC.he cannot get paid for what he doesD.he is forced to do what he doesnt enjoy(4).According to the passage, what is societys attitude toward the game we play?（分数：1.00）A.Society regards play as another

24、kind of labor.B.Society doesnt care what we play at all.C.Society forbids us to play any game.D.Society cares for private games very much.(5).Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?（分数：1.00）A.A teacher who enjoys working with studentsB.A white-collar employee who is well paidC.A man who

25、doesnt mix work with playD.A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health(6).What does the laborer think of leisure?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family.B.He wishes to have as little leisure as possible.C.He hopes to have more leisure to play.D.He thinks

26、it more important than health and family.BPassage Two/BEvery living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers s

27、hould open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of year

28、s. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacques dOrtous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even w

29、hen he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot

30、Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems a

31、nd sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control

32、 room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical

33、 technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed

34、16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss

35、 Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.（分数：6.00）(1).The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in _.（分数：1.00）A.the regulation of body temperatureB.the secretion of hormonesC.animal reproductionD.many aspects of plant and anim

36、al physiology(2).In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles _.（分数：1.00）A.even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB.even if it was placed in the moonlightC.even when he was observing it from a dark placeD.even du

37、ring the night time(3).The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.“ (In Paragraph 4) probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to a man-made clock.B.They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of

38、 the biological clock and live close to them.C.They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D.They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.(4).In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day _.（分数：1.00）A.in order to o

39、bserve the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB.so as not to be recognized by the peopleC.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts workD.so as to leave the peoples circadian rhythms in disorder(5).What is Mr. Weitzmans ultimate purpose of establishing a l

40、aboratory?（分数：1.00）A.He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapersB.People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythmsC.He wanted to find a way to treat peoples diseasesD.He could gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian(6).Miss Sobol

41、 left the laboratory _.（分数：1.00）A.on June 13thB.on June 25thC.at the end of JuneD.on July 7thBPassage Three/BThere are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals adapt to clima

42、te change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find them

43、selves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.There are dozens of o

44、ther possible “feedback mechanisms“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo“ effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and

45、land pokes through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing q

46、uite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population. The average rich-world resident adds

47、 about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven percent of the global population, is responsible for 22 percent of global warming.（分数：6.00）(1).“Feedback mechanisms“ in paragraph 1 most probably refer to _.（分数：

48、1.00）A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB.how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC.how climate changesD.how climate zones shift(2).We can learn from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.some feedback mechanisms may stow down global warmingB.the basic facts of global warming a

49、re unknownC.developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD.developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption(3).The word “emission“ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.admissionB.entranceC.ejectionD.agitation(4).James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by _.（分数：1.00）A.the cutting of many treesB.des