【考研类试卷】考博英语-403及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-403 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midlife crisis was on the end of a Ferrari are gone. This year he needs to dig deep and purchase the Fender Jazz Bass he dreamed of as

2、 an acne-ridden youth. Guitars have seen a massive resurgence in the past few years, propping up the music retail industry and overtaking the keyboard. Sales of electric guitars have jumped 30 per cent in two years, bass guitars 11 per cent in the past 12 months. Barry Moorhouse, whose bass and acou

3、stic centre, House of Guitars, has long been a Mecca for rock stars, recognized the trend and relocated his business to Bmne Street on the edge of the city. The wisdom of the move was evident at the new shops opening when insurance brokers and IT consultants appeared at his door like disciples drawn

4、 to a shrine. Silently they stood eyeing the gleaming rainbow of guitars-angular or curvaceous, simple or ostentatious.Charlie Pearch, 46, a customer, explained: “Im having a midlife crisis. First I bought a Harley Davidson and then I thought I would learn to play the guitar. My wife thinks its bett

5、er to have a motorbike and play the guitar than chase young girls.“ Seven months ago, Mr. Pearch went into a guitar shop to avoid the rain. A short while later he left with a pounds 800 Fender Stratocaster. Mr. Moorhouse, 49, believes the generation that grew up with guitar bands is now intent on re

6、capturing its youth, with the added bonus that a father can share his interest with his son. “Nowadays they can indulge that passion because they have the disposable income,“ Mr. Moorhouse said. “I get fathers and sons in here who listen to the same music.“ Brightly lit and gleaming, the new shop is

7、 a far cry from what one might expect of a music lovers haunt. Mr. Moorhouse has already endured accusations of “guitars at Gap“ from his more tradition-al clientele. But when your customers are spending pounds 1,000 or more on an instrument they do not expect grange, he explained.And these guitars

8、are not just toys for the boys. City bankers can expect a good in-vestment return from their instruments. Nine years ago Barry McCormack, an IT project manager, spent pounds 400 on a 1955 Gibson Les Paul. It is now worth pounds 5,000. Mr McCormack said: “People like me are recapturing their youth bu

9、t they are also buying these guitars as an alternative investment to a pension./（分数：10.00）(1).Which statement is WRONG according to the opening paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Ferrari was the only way that helped businessmen beat a midlife crisis before.B.Buying guitars becomes another effective way to stave o

10、ver a middle crisis.C.Guitars have gained a renewal because the young people purchased a lot.D.Mr. Moorhouse relocated his business because he intended to make more money.(2).How did Charlie Peareh get his first guitar?（分数：2.00）A.A gift presented by shop.B.A gift from his wife.C.Bought it by himself

11、.D.We dont know.(3).According to Mr. Moorhouse whats the reason that middle-aged people bought guitars ?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is the symbol of social status and taste.B.Because it helps to communicate with their children.C.Because it is a helpful way to regain their lost youth.D.Because it fulfills

12、such peoples desire of consumin(4).The statement “guitars at Gap“ (Line 11, Par（分数：2.00）A.2) most probably means _ .A. the price of guitar is too highB. the quality of guitar is too rudeC. the storage of guitar is too smallD. the design of guitar is too simple(5).What can we learn from the passage?（

13、分数：2.00）A.Nowadays people in a midlife crisis prefer buying a guitar than a Ferrari.B.The middle-aged female also likes buying guitars to beat midlife crisis.C.Buying a guitar is popular because it is a way to get an investment return.D.Middle-aged people consider the old things as owing the better

14、quality.三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One year ago we stared aghast at images of the Southeast Asian tsunami. Video cameras taken on vacation to record the everyday pleasures of the beach were suddenly turned to quivering utility as they documented the panic and mayhem of a natural disaster. Who can

15、forget the disbelief in the recorded voices? This cant be happening to us. Human beings are never prepared for natural disasters. There is a kind of optimism built into our species that seems to prefer to live in the comfortable present rather than confront the possibility of destruction, It may hap

16、pen, we seem to believe, but not now, and not to us. Mount Vesuvius has been erupting since historical records began. The eruption of A. D. 79 both destroyed Pompeii and preserved it for posterity. Pliny the Younger starkly recorded the details in prose that can still be read as a scientific ac-coun

17、t. Yet houses are still being erected today at vulnerable sites around Vesuvius, in the face of the geological inevitability of further eruptions.Disasters are described as “acts of God“. Whenever a natural catastrophe occurs, old questions resurface. How can we reconcile tragedy with the idea of a

18、beneficent God? And with that question, the notion of punishment is never far behind. If classical religions were wont to attribute disasters to the wrath of the gods, even in this scientific age the old explanations still have their attractions. And who might not sneakily still wish to believe that

19、 a saint could intercede on our behalf?But there is another kind of disaster. Many scientists think that the Gulf Coast hurricanes may be a symptom of climate change. Carbon emissions have been accelerating more rapidly within a generation or two: this is not the result of some creeping plate indiff

20、erent to the fate of humans; this is our responsibility. However, there is still the same, almost willful blindness to the dangers of climate change; after all, the sun still rises, the crops still ripen-why worry? Geology tells us that there have been “green-house worlds“ in the distant past. These

21、 have been times when seas flooded over continents. Even modest sea-level rises would spell the end of densely populated areas of the world like Bangladesh. In such a case, invoking the God to look after us for the best is just pie in the sky. These are not “acts of God“ but acts of man. We should b

22、e ashamed of the consequences of our own willing blindness.（分数：10.00）(1).Human beings are never prepared for natural disasters because _ .（分数：2.00）A.they believe that all preparation is useless for disastersB.they believe that disasters will never happen to themC.they believe that gods are helpful w

23、hen disasters happenD.none of these(2).The expression of “houses are still being erected.around Vesuvius“ is used to show _ .（分数：2.00）A.human beings want to remember Pliny the Younger in this wayB.human beings are optimistic to deal with the possible further eruptionsC.human beings believe further e

24、ruptions wont happen to themselvesD.human beings are well prepared for the possible further eruptions(3).Whats the “another kind of disaster“ (Line 1, Par（分数：2.00）A.3)?A. The disaster caused by some creeping plate.B. The disaster caused by the wrath of the gods.C. The disaster caused by the over pop

25、ulation.D. The disaster caused by our willing blindness.(4).The statement “greenhouse worlds“ (Line 7, Par（分数：2.00）A.3) most probably means _ .A. the world with greenhouse effectB. the world with rich natural resourceC. the world without waterD. the world without plants(5).To which of the following

26、statements would the author most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.The natural disaster may happen but not now and not to us.B.The natural disaster is a punishment we deserve from gods.C.It is our responsibility to protect our world and ourselves.D.Its miserable to live in such a world with plenty of disaster

27、s.四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every Thursday evening, I counsel a group of teenagers with serious substance abuse problems. None of the youngsters elected to see me. Typically, they were caught using drugs, or worse, by their parents or a police officer and were then referred to my clinic. To be

28、sure, all the usual intoxicants-alcohol, marijuana and cocaine-are involved. But a new type of addiction has crept into the mix, controlled prescription drugs, including painkillers. This is hardly unique to my clinic. Several studies report that since 1992, the number of 12-to 17-year-olds abusing

29、controlled prescription drugs has tripled.One of my patients, Mary, illustrates this trend all too well. Mary at 16 is a “garbage head“, meaning that she will ingest anything she thinks will give her a high. Last December, she was taken to the hospital for an overdose of alcohol, and ketamine, a che

30、mical cousin of angel dust that doctors sometimes use to anesthetize patients and that, more commonly, veterinarians use to sedate large animals. So where does this physically energetic teenager obtain her pills? Weeks earlier, she had an operation, a minor though uncomfortable procedure by any stan

31、dards. The surgeon wrote a prescription for 80 tablets. Mary spent the next week in the addiction of the drug until her mother confiscated the last 20 tablets.At medical conferences, I hear colleagues fault parents who abuse and obtain these controlled substances but leave them easily accessible in

32、their unlocked medicine chests where teenagers can help themselves. Other experts fault the Internet, where al-most anyone can obtain controlled prescription drugs from offshore pharmacies with a few clicks on a home computer. None of these targets come close to the real root of the problem. Many do

33、ctors are too quick to write prescriptions for these powerful drugs.The National Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse recently reported that 43.3 percent of all American doctors did not even ask patients about prescription drug abuse when taking histories; 33 percent did not regularly call or ob

34、tain records from a patients previous doctor or from other physicians before writing such prescriptions; 47.1 percent said their patients pressured them into prescribing these drugs; and only 39.1 percent had had any training in recognizing prescription drug abuse and addiction. No one in pain-physi

35、cal or psychic-should suffer. But the fact remains that we doctors still do the bulk of prescribing of the substances. The search for root causes of the epidemic with controlled substance abuse has to include doctors as active participants. A big part of the solution depends on reserving prescriptio

36、ns for those who need, rather than de-sire, them.（分数：10.00）(1).What is RIGHT according to Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.Teenagers volunteered to see me for curing drug abusing.B.The new type of addiction is unique to the authors clinic.C.The author is probably a doctor who works for the police.D.The usual

37、intoxicants abuse is getting down since 1992.(2).We can infer from Marys story that _ .（分数：2.00）A.the surgeon offered someone elses medicine to Mary by mistakeB.teenagers are vulnerable to drug abusing due to their curiosityC.the prescription drugs abusing will develop faster in the futureD.parents

38、play a positive role in preventing childrens drug abusing(3).According to the author what should be blamed for teenagers abusing controlled _ substance?（分数：2.00）A.Parents carelessness.B.Development of net.C.Doctors negligence.D.Teenagers poor self-restraint.(4).Which one can help improve doctors pre

39、scribing controlled drugs according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Train doctors handwriting because they are too illegible to recognize.B.Train doctors in remembering patients who are controlled drugs abusers.C.Give more lectures to doctors about the harm of wrong prescription.D.Set up regulations on th

40、e procedure of prescribing controlled drugs.(5).The passage intends to express the idea that _ .（分数：2.00）A.doctors should be blamed for teenagers controlled substance abusingB.the prescriptions written for the controlled substances increased greatlyC.more and more teenagers are likely to be addicted

41、 to controlled drugsD.doctors should reserve the prescriptions for those who really need them五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Traditionally, women have lagged behind men in adoption of Internet technologies, but a study released yesterday found that women under age 65 now outpace men in Internet usage.

42、 The report, “How Women and Men Use the Internet,“ examined use by both sexes, looking at what men and women are doing online as well as their rate of adopting new Web-based technologies. “I think the real interesting story is the young women, because that is the one age cohort where there are many

43、more women online,“ said Deborah Fallows, who wrote the report based on findings from surveys conducted over the past five years. “The younger women are just much more comfortable with the Internet.“ The report found that 86 percent of women ages 18 to 29 were online, compared with 80 percent of men

44、 in the same age group. Among African Americans, 60 percent of women are online, compared with 50 percent of men.In other age groups, the disparity is only slight, with women outpacing men by 3 percentage points. However, among the older group, those age 65 and older, 34 percent of men are online, c

45、ompared with 21 percent of women. Its enough of a disparity, Fallows said, to keep men in the overall lead in Internet usage, 68 percent to 66 percent. Men tend to use the Web for information and entertainment-getting sports scores and stock quotes and downloading music-while women tend to be heavie

46、r users of mapping and direction services, and communication services such as e-mail. And, in general, men are more likely to be early adopters of technology than women, the survey found.A separate survey released earlier this week seemed to underscore the finding of the report. Of those who listen

47、to podcasts distributed over the Internet, 78 percent are men and 22 percent are women. “With podcasting just over a year old, the current maleness of the podcast audience at the aggregate level is consistent with gender usage trends of the early Web.“ Mark McCrery, cofounder and chief executive of

48、Podtrac, said in a statement. Over time, however, there likely will be “a more balanced gender composition of the podcast audience,“ he said. Fallows agreed but also said that the disparity between the sexes among younger people was especially interesting because it could shape the way the general p

49、opulation uses technology and the Web in the future. “Its hard to say where that will settle,“ she said. “I imagine things will even out over time, because there is so much for everyone online./（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.there is big disparity between the sexes on the Web among African Americans.B.Result of the study is shocking because it contrasts to the traditional thinking.C.The study found more and more old people spent time and energy in net usage.D.The young women are more practical in u