【考研类试卷】考博英语-401及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-401 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.She was extremely lucky; when her great-uncle died, she _ a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.came byB.came overC.came intoD.came about2.Dominic, the most _ pupil in class, will go to Harvard to study this September.（分数：1.00）A.indigenousB.indi

2、screetC.indulgentD.industrious3.Its an offer that you wont get again, so I would _ it if I were you.（分数：1.00）A.relate toB.count onC.accept ofD.jump at4.Born of the same parents, he beam no _ his brothers.（分数：1.00）A.traits withB.resemblances toC.personalities betweenD.characters among5.I would like t

3、o get another table like this one, but the company that made it is out of _.（分数：1.00）A.orderB.businessC.practiceD.style6.If profit and money are your first _, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.（分数：1.00）A.potentialityB.priorityC.superiorityD.responsibility7.The me

4、al was excellent; the sour-pepper soup was particularly _.（分数：1.00）A.addictedB.deliciousC.tastefulD.desirable8.In almost all chemical-process plants, heat is _ by burning of fossil fuels-coal, oil, or natural gas.（分数：1.00）A.transformedB.conductedC.transferredD.generated9.I decided to get in touch wi

5、th him _ after I received his letter.（分数：1.00）A.promptlyB.quicklyC.hastilyD.urgently10.When you get excited, try to hold yourself _.（分数：1.00）A.upB.downC.offD.in11.This man is _ to wine.（分数：1.00）A.addictedB.predictedC.dictatedD.evicted12.The mountainous areas of the country are _ populated.（分数：1.00）A

6、.infrequentlyB.sparselyC.slightlyD.loosely13.His parents gave many expensive toys as a kind of _ for his lameness and inability to play active games.（分数：1.00）A.remedyB.compensationC.treatmentD.comfort14.Advertising costs are no longer in reasonable _ to total cost of the product.（分数：1.00）A.relations

7、hipB.matchC.measureD.proportion15.Many of the students have a grasp of the main structures, a reasonable vocabulary and a(n) _ idea of how to pronounce most words they come across.（分数：1.00）A.faintB.vagueC.obscureD.rough16.Mr. Morton gradually _ a knowledge of the subject.（分数：1.00）A.attainedB.require

8、dC.acquiredD.enquired17.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified.（分数：1.00）A.deliberatelyB.delicatelyC.definitelyD.defectively18.Our country was founded on the lofty principles of freedom and justice for all. Our lofty principl

9、es ought to be _.（分数：1.00）A.faced up toB.looked up toC.lived up toD.made up to19.We must try to use our intellect _.（分数：1.00）A.to the greatest advantageB.for the most detailsC.by the rarest chanceD.of the greatest significance20.That battered old hat of his is a _ joke to all his friends.（分数：1.00）A.

10、steadyB.standingC.persistingD.stable二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georg

11、ia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he regis

12、tered a trademark for something called French Wine CocaIdeal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemherton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose

13、 that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886, a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was

14、 a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar.

15、He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeepers script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola“ was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially

16、for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance

17、the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the p

18、assage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He was highly respected by Atlantans.B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.(2).Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemb

19、ertons Company?（分数：1.00）A.Skills to make French wine.B.Talent for drawing pictures.C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.(3).Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmess.B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C.H

20、e observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D.He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.(4).One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was _.（分数：1.00）A.used beer bottles were chosen as containersB.the amount of caffeine in it was increasedC.it was blended with oils instead of

21、 waterD.Cola nut extract was added to taste(5).According to the passage, Coca-cola was in the first place prepared especially for _.（分数：1.00）A.the young as a soft drinkB.a replacement of French Wine CocaC.the relief of a hangoverD.a cure for the common headache(6).The last paragraph mainly tells _.（

22、分数：1.00）A.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistantB.a real test of Coca-Cola as a headache cureC.the mediocre service of the drugstoreD.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press“ proved that a low-priced pape

23、r, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile pres

24、s, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny

25、paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a be

26、tter product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the com

27、petition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in co

28、mparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its

29、competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the Sun was was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Days success

30、founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the first paragraph say shout the “penny press“?（分数：1.00）A.It was known for its in-depth news reporting.B.It had an involvement with some political par

31、ties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.D.It aimed at pleasing the general publi(2).In its early days, a penny paper often _.（分数：1.00）A.paid much attention to political issuesB.provided stories that hit the public tasteC.offered penetrating editorials on various issuesD.covered imp

32、ortant news with inaccuracy(3).As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper _.（分数：1.00）A.improved its contentB.changed its writing styleC.developed a more sensational styleD.became a tool for political parties(4).The underlined word “ventures“ in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _.

33、（分数：1.00）A.editorsB.reportersC.newspapersD.companies(5).What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun?（分数：1.00）A.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.They became well-known newspapers i

34、n the U. S.(6).This passage is probably taken from a book on _.（分数：1.00）A.the work ethics of the American mediaB.the techniques in news reportingC.the history of sensationalism in American mediaD.the impact of mass media on American society五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Forget what Virginia Woolf sai

35、d about What a writer needs-a room of ones own. The writer she had in mind wasnt at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, ReslPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Br

36、own University. That was where Mark Amerikahis legally adopted name; dont ask him about his birth name-composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isnt just a story. Its an online narrative (grammatron. com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into c

37、omplicated knots. In the four years it took to produceit was completed in 1997each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry“, jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.“ Thats unusual for a writer,

38、because if you just write on paper the“ technology is pretty stable.“Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wande

39、rs through Prague-23, a virtual “city“ in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatrons 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-cl

40、ick. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate- strategy memo, Choose another and theres a XXX- rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense the story you make.Amerika teaches digital art a

41、t the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,“ he says. Some avant-garde writersJulio Cortazar, Italo Calvino-have also experimented with novels that wander out of their authors

42、 control. “But what makes the Net so exciting,“ says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation.“ That room of ones own is turning into a fun house.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly to tell _.（分数：1.00）A.differences between conventional and modern novelsB.

43、how Mark Amerika composed his novel GrammatronC.common features of all modern electronic novelsD.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing(2).Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?（分数：1.00）A.Modern writers can share rooms to do th

44、e writing.B.It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor.D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspac(3).As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it _.（分数：1.00）A.provides potentials for the

45、story developmentB.is one of the novels at (grammatron. com)C.can be downloaded free of chargeD.boasts of the best among Cyber stories(4).By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _.（分数：1.00）A.he could not help but set his Grammatron and others in Industrial

46、 RevolutionB.conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technologyC.much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependentD.he couldnt care less about new advance in computer software(5).As the passage shows, Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _.（分数：1.00）A.adapt the

47、 story for a video versionB.“walk in“ the story and interact with itC.develop the plots within the authors controlD.steal the show and become the main character(6).Amerika told his students not to _.（分数：1.00）A.immerse themselves only in creating the plotB.be captivated by the plot alone while readin

48、gC.be lagged far behind in the plot developmentD.let their plot get lost in the on-going story六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured Jarfies Bu

49、lger, away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went off to watch cartoons.Today the b